Unit 2.

3 Leadership and Management Vocabulary Leader: Person or thing that holds a dominant or superior position within its field, and is able to exercise a high degree of control or influence over others. See also leadership. Bureaucratic Leadership: Style of leadership that emphasizes procedures and historical methods regardless of their usefulness in changing environments. Bureaucratic leaders attempt to solve problems by adding layers of control, and their power comes from controlling the flow of information. Contingency Leadership: Contingency theory inadvertently assumes that styles are behaviours that cannot be influenced or modified. It is contradictory to situationalleadership which stressed the need for leaders to adapt to the situation Manager: An individual who is in charge of a certain group of tasks, or a certain subset of a company. A manager often has a staff of people who report to him or her. As an example, a restaurant will often have a front-of-house manager who helps the patrons, and supervises the hosts. In addition, a specific office project can have a manager, known simply as the project manager. Democratic Leadership: Involves a team guided by a leader where all individuals are involved in the decision-making process to determine what needs to be done and how it should be done. The group's leader has the authority to make the final decision of the group. Trait Theory: The measurement of consistent patterns of habit in an individual's behaviour, thoughts, and emotions. The theory is based on the stability of traits over time, how they differ from other individuals, and how the will influence human behaviour. Autocratic Leadership: A form of government that is run by a single, self-appointed leader (called an autocrat) as opposed to a group of leaders or elected officials. Laissez-faire Leadership: Non-authoritarian leadership style. Laissez faire (French for, allow to pass or let go) leaders try to give least possible guidance to subordinates, and try to achieve control through less obvious means. They believe that people excel when they are left alone to respond to their responsibilities and obligations in their own ways. Contingency Theory: Body of management thought, based on the premises that there is no single best way to manage because every situation and every manager is different. Therefore, there are only a few universal management principles, and an appropriate management style depends on the demands of a particular situation. The Big Idea: That there are various forms of leadership, and each leader or manager can lead their workers in different ways, having different theories to what is the best way that leads to effective work.