ABSTRACT

We are aware that various movements take place under the earths surface. Motions of the ground include those of seismic waves generating earthquake, volcanic eruption, and other seismic sources. There are vibrations even due to movement of human beings and animals. Different types of sounds are also produced along with vibrations. Heres a circuit that detects vibrations/sounds. It is very sensitive and can detect vibrations caused by the movement of animals or human beings. The circuit is made up of readily available components and the design is straight forward as can be seen in the circuit diagram enclosed In the circuit standard piezo sensor is used to detect vibrations/sounds due to pressure changes .IC TLO71 (IC1) is used as a differential amplifier and TLO71 (IC2) is a low-noise JFET input op-amp IC. BIFET technology is used to provide fast slew rate. A transistor T2 is used to activate the piezo buzzer. LEDs are used for different indications. All these elements are connected in a way such that the circuit acts as a seismic sensor and detects the vibrations.

Whenever the sensor detects any movement (even a slight moment) the circuit starts beeping along with a red light indication (LED2).

This circuit can be constructed on common PCB and enclose in a suitable cabinet with a piezo element connected to it separately. The seismic sensor is assembled on the back side of a ceramic tile or granite tile with good adhesive. Fix the tile (or bury it in the earth) near the entrance with the sensor assembly facing downwards. Whenever a vibration /sound is detected by the sensor, the circuit will be activated and gives a beep along with red light indication.

CONTENTS
Abstract Content List of figures List of tables iv iv i ii

1. INTRODUCTION
1.1Overview 1.2Statements of problems 1.3Motivation 1.4Literature survey 1.5Organization of thesis

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2. SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM AND DESCRIPTION

2.1 Circuit diagram 2.2 Description of components 2.2.1 Integrated circuit 2.2.2 IC NE 555 2.2.3 IC TL 071 2.2.4 Piezo element 2.2.5 Variable resistor 2.2.6 Capacitor 2.2.7 Buzzer 2.2.8 Resistor 2.2.9 Transistor 2.2.10 BC 548 Transistor 2.2.11 LED 2.2.12 Switch 2.2.13 Battery

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3. CIRCUIT OPERATION 3.1 Circuit overview 3.2 Circuit operation 3.3 Components required in this project 4. RESULTS 5. CONCLUSION AND APPLICATIONS 5.1 Applications 5.2 Conclusion BIBLIOGRAPHY

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LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 2.1 Circuit Diagram Figure 2.2 555 Timers Figure 2.3 Internal Block diagram of 555 Timer Figure 2.4 Schematic of 555 Timer in Monostable mode Figure 2.5 Schematic of 555 Timer in Astable mode Figure 2.6 IC TLO71 Figure 2.7 Piezo element Figure 2.8 Frequency response of piezo material Figure 2.9 Metal disks with piezo material, used in buzzers or as contact microphones Figure 2.10 Variable Resistor Figure 2.11 Piezo disk beepe Figure 2.12 A typical axial-lead resistor Figure 2.13 partially exposed Tesla TR-212 1 k carbon film resistor Figure 2.14 Assorted discrete transistor Figure 2.15 Replica of first transistor Figure 2.16 BC548 transistor Figure 2.17 Light Emitting Diode Figure 2.18 Led and Internal parts Figure 2.19 Battery Figure 2.20 Open 9-Volt 'transistor' battery

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LIST OF TABLES
1. Resistor values with colours 16

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