INTRODUCTION TO WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS

1 CCU Wireless Access Tech. Lab.

1.1 Evolution of mobile radio communications 1.2 Mobile radio system around the world 1.3 Examples of wireless communication systems
Paging system Cordless telephone systems Cellular telephones Wireless LANs

1.4 Trends in cellular radio and personal p communication

CCU Wireless Access Tech. Lab.

1.1 1 1 Evolution of Mobile Radio l i f bil di Communications

Major Mobile Radio Systems 1934 - Police Radio uses conventional AM mobile communication system. 1935 - Edwin Armstrong demonstrated FM. 1946 - First public mobile telephone service - push-to-talk. 1960 - Improved Mobile Telephone Service, IMTS - full duplex. 1960 - Bell Lab introduce the concept of Cellular mobile system. 1968 - AT&T propose the concept of Cellular mobile system to FCC. 1976 - Bell Mobile Phone service, poor service due to call blocking. 1983 - Ad Advanced M bil Phone System (AMPS), FDMA, FM d Mobile Ph S (AMPS) FDMA FM. 1991 - Global System for Mobile (GSM), TDMA, GMSK. 1991 - U.S. Digital Cellular (USDC) IS-54, TDMA, DQPSK. 1993 - IS 95 CDMA, QPSK BPSK IS-95, CDMA QPSK, BPSK.

CCU Wireless Access Tech. Lab.

1.2 Mobile Radio System Around the WorldMajor Mobile Radio Standard in North American(1/2)
Standard AMPS NAMPS USDC CDPC IS-95 GSC Type Cellular Cellular Cellular Cellular Cellular/ PCS Paging g g Year of introduction 1983 1992 1991 1993 1993 1970s Multiple access FDMA FDMA TDMA FH/Packet CDMA Simplex p Frequency band 824-894 MHz 824 894 824-894 MHz 824-894 MHz 824-894 MHz 824-894 kHz 1.8-2.0 GHz Several Modulation FM FM /4-DQPSK GMSK QPSK/ BPSK FSK Channel bandwidth 30 kHz 10 kHz 30 kHz 30 kHz 1.25 MHz 12.5 kHz

CCU Wireless Access Tech. Lab.

Major Mobile Radio Standard in North American(2/2)

Standard POCSAG FLEX DCS-1900 (GSM) PACS MIRS iDen Type Paging Paging PCS Cordless/ PCS SMR/PCS SMR/PCS Year of introduction 1970s 1993 1994 1994 1994 1995 Multiple access Simplex Simplex TDMA TDMA/ FDMA TDMA TDMA Frequency band Several Several 1.85-1.99 GHz GH 1.85-1.99 GHz Several Several Modulation FSK 4-FSK 4 FSK GMSK /4-DQPSK 16-QAM 16 QAM 16-QAM Channel bandwidth 12.5 kHz 15 kHz 200 kHz 300 kHz 25 kHz 25 kHz

CCU Wireless Access Tech. Lab.

Major Mobile Radio Standard in Europe

Standard ETACS NMT-450 NMT-900 GSM C-450 C 450 ERMES CT2 DECT DCS-1800 DCS 1800 Type Cellular Cellular Cellular Cellular/PCS Cellular Cell la Paging Cordless Cordless Cordless/PCS C dl /PCS Year of introduction 1985 1981 1986 1990 1985 1993 1989 1993 1993 Multiple access FDMA FDMA FDMA TDMA FDMA FDMA FDMA TDMA TDMA 6 Frequency band 900 MHz 450-470 MHz 890-960 MHz 890-960 MHz 450-465 MH 450 465 MHz Several 864-868 MHz 1880-1900 MHz 1710-1880 1710 1880 MHz Modulation FM FM FM GMSK FM 4-FSK GFSK GFSK GMSK Channel bandwidth 25 kHz 25 kHz 12.5 kHz 200 kHz
20 kHz/10 kHz

25 kHz 100 kHz 1.728 kHz 200 kHz kH

CCU Wireless Access Tech. Lab.

Major Mobile Radio Standard in Japan

Standard JTACS PDC NTT NTACS NTT NEC PHS Type Cellular Cellular Cellular Cellular Paging Paging Cordless/PCS Year of introduction 1988 1993 1979 1993 1979 1979 1993 Multiple access FDMA TDMA FDMA FDMA FDMA FDMA TDMA Frequency band 860-925 MHz 810-1501 MHz 400/800 MHz 843 925 843-925 MHz 280 MHz Several 1895 1907 1895-1907 MHz Modulation FM Channel bandwidth 25 kHz 25 kHz 25 kHz 12.5 12 5 kHz 12.5 kHz 10 kHz 300 kHz

/4-DQPSK
FM FM FM FM

/4 DQPSK /4-DQPSK

CCU Wireless Access Tech. Lab.

1.3 1 3 Example of Wireless Communication l f i l C i i Systems

Examples Cordless h C dl phone Hand-held walkie-talkies Pagers P Cellular telephone Wireless Wi l LAN

CCU Wireless Access Tech. Lab.

Mobile
Historically - any radio terminal that could be moves during operation More recently - a radio terminal that is attached to a high speed mobile platform

Portable - h d h ld and used at walking speed bl hand-held d d lki d Subscriber - mobile or portable user Subscriber unit - each users communication devices.
9
CCU Wireless Access Tech. Lab.

Classification of mobile radio transmission system Simplex: Si l communication in only one direction i ti i l di ti Half-duplex: same radio channel for both transmission and reception (push-to-talk, (push-to-talk release-to-listen) Full-duplex: s u ta eous radio t a s ss o u dup e : simultaneous ad o transmission and reception (FDD, TDD)

10

CCU Wireless Access Tech. Lab.

Frequency division duplexing uses two radio channel. channel (analog/digital) Forward channel: base station to mobile user Reverse channel: mobile user to base station Time division duplexing shares a single radio c a e channel in time. (only for digital ) t e. (o y o d g ta

duplex
11
CCU Wireless Access Tech. Lab.

12

CCU Wireless Access Tech. Lab.

1.3.1 Paging Systems

Conventional paging system send brief messages to a subscriber. Modern paging system: news headline, stock quotations, faxes, etc. Simultaneously broadcast paging message from each base station (simulcasting). Large transmission power to cover wide area.

13

CCU Wireless Access Tech. Lab.

1.3.2 Cordless Telephone System

Cordless telephone systems are full duplex communication systems. i ti t First generation cordless phone in-home use communication to dedicated base unit few tens of meters

14

CCU Wireless Access Tech. Lab.

Second generation cordless phone outdoor combine with paging system few hundred meters per station

15

CCU Wireless Access Tech. Lab.

1.3.3 Cellular Telephone Systems

Provide connection to the PSTN for any user location ithi th di l ti within the radio range of the system. f th t Characteristic Large number of users Large Geographic area Limited frequency spectrum Reuse of the radio frequency by the concept of q y y p cell.

16

CCU Wireless Access Tech. Lab.

Basic cellular system: mobile stations, base stations, and mobile switching center.

17

CCU Wireless Access Tech. Lab.

Communication between the base station and mobiles is defined by the standard common air interface (CAI). (CAI) forward voice channel (FVC): voice transmission from base station to mobile reverse voice channel (RVC): voice transmission from mobile to base station forward control channels (FCC): initiating mobile call from base station to mobile reverse control channel (RCC): initiating mobile call from mobile to base station

18

CCU Wireless Access Tech. Lab.

1.3.4 Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs)

Suitable for local short-distance networking. Compatible with existing LANs. WLANs use unlicensed radio frequence. WLAN is already affordable and popular Used id l i i U d widely in airports, railway stations, hotels, t il t ti h t l business parks and office buildings Integrating to laptops and PDA devices.

19

CCU Wireless Access Tech. Lab.

Basic Service Set (BSS, Ad h peer t peer) hoc, to )

Extended Service Set (ESS, Infrastructure network)

20

CCU Wireless Access Tech. Lab.

802.11b Maximum Data Rate Frequency Band Channel Typical Range 802.11b Compatible 11 Mbps 2.4 GHz 3 Up to 300 ft. Yes

802.11a 54 Mbps 5 GHz 12 Up to 180 ft No

802.11g 54 Mbps 2.4 GHz 3 Up to 300 ft Yes

21

CCU Wireless Access Tech. Lab.

1.4 1 4 Trends in Cellular Radio and Personal d i C ll l di d l Communication

Since 1989, there has been enormous activity throughout the th world to develop personal systems that combined the ld t d l l t th t bi d th network intelligence of todays PSTN with digital signal processing and RF technology. The concept is called Personal Communication Services (PCS). Indoor wireless networking p g products are rapidly emerging p y g g and promise to become a major part of the telecommunications infrastructure. An international standard body, IEEE 802.11, is developing standards for wireless access between computers inside buildings.
CCU Wireless Access Tech. Lab.

22

The technical group TG 8/1 is considering how worldwide wireless network should evolve and how worldwide frequency coordination might be implemented to allow subscriber units to work anywhere in the world. Worldwide standard also required low earth orbit (LEO) satellite communication systems.

23

CCU Wireless Access Tech. Lab.