DELIRIUM

Dr Jagwantsing Chetlall, PhD

Copyright December 2012 Dr Jagwantsing Chetlall First published, electronically, in December 2012. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means without the prior written permission of the publisher, nor be otherwise circulated in any form of binding or cover other than that in which it is published and without a similar condition being imposed on the subsequent purchaser. The cover photo is from: http:// hubblesite.org/gallery/album/star/pr2009025aw/

To Late Professor Carl Sagan...., .He rightly said Astronomy is a humble experience.

THE FOOLHARDY ARROGANCE OF HUMANS

Human beings are a pompous and self-glorifying race. And to justify our propensity to being pretentious we brandish certain religious scriptures as the final authority. Let us examine some of them, in certain religious books it is written that God created man so that man can have dominion over all other creatures and over all the planet earth! In a few words, we are the managing director of the creation, even if the owner is someone else. Great fantasy! Most humans are always of the opinion that we are the most important life form on earth. Again religious scriptures say so. It is also of common knowledge that humans have been created to the images of Gods. But still we are always very adamant on claiming that our culture or our religion is the best one compared to the African, the European, the Chinese etc..etc...The list is never ending. Humans have developed this rotten taste of nationalism and conduct wars based on some uncertain ethics!

Now let us take a proper and dispassionate look at the real picture of ourselves, our planet and our universe. Below is a picture of the earth from space.

http://www.solarspace.co.uk/Earth/earth.php The first thing that strike out of this picture is the continent Africa. Strangely we do not see any of those man-made national boundaries over which wars are fought! Secondly as we not see small micro-organisms living within the soil, in exactly the same manner, we are invisible as from not far away. No human beings are visible on the above photo and yet we take ourselves to be the greatest creation of the universe!

The slide below is that of our solar system:

The earth is one of the nine planets orbiting the sum. It is third in position from the sun. The earth is just at the right position for life to subsist on it. However we are still not sure whether life exists on other planets or not. In fact we know that for life similar to ours to subsist on any planet, there need to be water and atmosphere filtered sunlight.

Below are the photos of solar systems beyond our own

www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-1290919/First-photo-planet-circling-distant-sun-outsidesolar-system.html

http://www.popsci.com/science/article/2010-10/astrophysicists-find-ancient-galaxy-clusterharboring-800-trillion-suns

The above pictures show a planet orbiting a sun far away from our own solar system and an ancient galaxy cluster harbouring around 800 trillion suns. From scientific facts we know that the space is full of water vapour and where there is a sun there is a strong possibility of life to exist. From the above it is very clear that we are not alone and from a galaxy as ancient as the above one, there is a very high probability that it also contains intelligent life-form that have already developed highly technologically advanced civilizations as well. The probability of life existing elsewhere is so strong that we simply cannot overlook it.

Now let us look at the photos of galaxys:

http://hubblesite.org/gallery/album/galaxy

http://hubblesite.org/gallery/album/galaxy Humans should understand that their solar system is one of the billions that exist in their own galaxy called the Milky Way, and in the universe itself there exists unknowable numbers of galaxies. Therefore just imagine the number of life-forms and intelligent lifeforms that might exist elsewhere. The following slide is a photo of the universe:

http://www.esa.int/esaCP/SEMF2FRZ5BG_index_1.html
The above photo was taken and assembled by the orbiting Planck telescope. It is clear that the universe is egg-shaped. The universe comprises of all that exists. It comprises of all the galaxies and all their trillion trillions of suns and of the billion trillions of intelligent life-forms that might exist.

As soon as one starts looking at the pictures of the Galaxies and other solar systems, one no longer has the planet earth in ones mind but is simply amazed by the many wonders that are displayed. Let us suppose that there is a God sitting somewhere. Will the God create a whole lot of unnecessary galaxies and solar systems that is of no use to its supposedly prime creation (the religious scriptures state that we are the prime creation of God), mankind? Even an ordinary human architect would not do such wastage of time and material! Hence two things become clear, firstly we are not the prime creation of this universe and secondly there might be many other worlds and many other intelligent beings living in those worlds! We are not alone...... How does the earth look from 3.7 billion miles?

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pale_Blue_Dot The Pale Blue Dot is a photograph of planet Earth taken in 1990 by the Voyager 1 spacecraft from a record distance of about 6 billion kilometers (3.7 billion miles) from Earth, as part of the solar system Family Portrait series of images. In the photograph, Earth is shown as a tiny dot (0.12 pixel in size) against the vastness of space.[2] The Voyager 1 spacecraft, which had completed its primary mission and was leaving the Solar System, was commanded by NASA to turn its camera around and to take a photograph of Earth across a great expanse of space, at the request of Carl Sagan. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pale_Blue_Dot

In fact, in the same way that we gaze at the night sky and see stars, the earth too looks like a star to the naked eye at a distance of 3.7 billion miles. Would a gazer at such a distance be able to guess that there is something called a human living on that star (the gazer does not know whether it is a planet)? Friends, we come down to a very direct conclusion, the universe has not been created especially for mankind. We are just a result of creation/nature as so many others are. Surely consciousness is there but who says it should not be? In fact we are no-thing subsisting in nothingness!

MYSTERIES OF CIVILIZATIONS

COLLECTIVE CONSCIOUSNESS OF HUMAN KIND.

It has long been established that human kind has a collective consciousness. What does this mean? It means that sometimes all of us just happen to know something from a very remote past without in fact knowing the source of this knowledge. A perfect example of the above is that most of the ancient religions on earth relate to a time that was called the golden era. It was a time when only the Gods inhabited the earth. Mankind was not even around. This concept exists in the Indian religion/civilization, Egyptian religion/civilization, Old Testament, Chinese civilization and lots more. Is this idea a mere fancy of man or there is some kind of truth within it? Below are some of the truths of the remote past: From prehistoric memory, the ancient Egyptians clearly recall their first Pharaoh being a God that came through the Nile River from the east. Ancient Indians revered their kings as either Gods or representative of Gods. Abraham of the Bible, in one particular situation, recognised God outside his tent and even conversed with him. God was in the company of other two beings at that time. How did Abraham recognise God?

THE CRADDLE OF MODERN CIVILIZATION: SUMMERIA

Without archaeologist and scientists, we would have known anything about the land of summer. Experts call the Sumerian civilization as the sudden civilization because without any precursor civilization, well developed urban cities with arts, potteries and perfect streets just sprung up in the region of Mesopotamia. This defies all logical sequence of development that we have seen so far around the world. In fact the Sumerians were a highly advanced civilization who mastered the physical sciences, natural sciences, astronomy, agriculture and medicine as well. The full fledged Sumerian civilization sprung up around 4000 BC. According to archaeological findings and tablets inscriptions found in the region of Mesopotamia, it is clear that the Gods of the Sumerians lived with them on earth and it is their Gods that created them long before 4000BC! The Gods of the Sumerians had a preference for gold amongst all other metals! The Sumerians had profound knowledge of astronomy that was gifted to them by their Gods! There are certain things that we are only discovering now! The archaeological findings speak for themselves. The Indian Civilization

The full fledged Indian civilization came into being around 900 years after that of the Sumerian. Indians around the world tend to think that their civilization is the oldest but clearly this is not the case. Fully fledged Indian civilization sprung up at round 3100 BC in the Indus valley region, by the Indus river.

Archeological excavations have led us to the discovery as stated below: Two important cities were discovered: Harappa on the Ravi river, and Mohenjodaro on the Indus during excavations in 1920. The remains of these two cities were part of a large civilization and well developed ancient civilization, which is now called by historians as 'Indus Valley Civilization', or 'Saraswati Civilization'. Later Harappan (Sarasvati) civilization 3100-1900 BC shows massive cities, complex agriculture and metallurgy, sophistication of arts and crafts, and precision in weights and measures. They built large buildings, which were mathematically-planned. The city planning in those ancient cities is comparable to the best of our modern cities. This civilization had a written language and was highly sophisticated. Some of these towns were almost three miles in diameter with thousands of residents. These ancient municipalities had granaries, citadels, and even household toilets. In Mohenjodaro, a mile-long canal connected the city to the sea, and trading ships sailed as far as Mesopotamia. http://www.gatewayforindia.com/history.htm

It is archeologically accepted that one branch of the Sumerian civilization expressly set up a civilization by the Indus river for reasons that would be discussed in another book. THE MAIN GODS OF THE SUMERIANS

The Sumerians had a pantheon of various Gods that exercised dominion over certain specific matters on earth and in the heavens but the main ones were as per below: A n (Babylonian: Anu) god of heaven; may have been the main god before 2500 B.C.

 Ninhursag (Babylonian: Aruru, Mammi) mother goddess; progenitor with An of the gods; assists in creation of man. Enlil (Babylonian: Ellil) god or air; pantheon leader from 2500 B.C.; father of the gods; king of heaven & earth. Enki (Babylonian: Ea) lord of the abyss, semen & wisdom; god of water, creation, fertility. Nanna (Babylonian: Sin) moon god. Inanna (Babylonian: Ishtar) love and war. Utu (Babylonian: Shamash) god of the sun and justice. Ninlil (Babylonian: Mullitu, Mylitta) bride of Enlil . It also understood from the ancient Sumerian texts that the powerful trinity that governed the Sumerian was Anu, Enki and Enlil. It is also stated that there was bitter rivalry between Enki and Enlil.

THE MAIN GODS OF THE INDIAN CIVILIZATION.

The gods of the Indian civilization were very Sumerian-like. A pantheon of gods ruled over various earthly and heavenly affairs! The main Gods were: The great and chief Hindu Gods Hindu Trinity Gods-Tridev Their names are God Brahma - creator of the entire universe God Vishnu The preserver of the Universe God Shiva The destroyer and has the power of his 3rd eye

The great and chief Hindu Goddesses Hindu Trinity Goddesses Tridevi Their names are Goddess Saraswati -- The consort of God Brahma, the goddess for knowledge Goddess Laxmi - The Consort of God Vishnu and the goddess of wealth, delight, beauty and love. Goddess Parvati -- The consort of God Shiva and the goddess of transformation, power and destruction.

The God and Goddess incarnation

Sati Maa -- the form of Goddess Parvati Durga Maa -- the form of Goddess Parvati and the energy of mother Kali Mata -- having the destructive power and harmful energy The Mahadevi -- the powerful form of Shakti Sita Mata -- the consort of Lord Rama Rukmani -- the consort of Lord Krishna Radha -- the divine devotee and fan of Lord Krishna Ganga Mata -- the holy river Yamuna Maa -- the holy river Gayatri Maa -- the goddess of learning Santoshi Maa -- the goddess Mata Vishnodevi -- the goddess Maa Annpurna -- the goddess of Harvests God Rama -- the seventh incarnation of God Vishnu

God Krishna -- the eighth incarnation of God Vishnu God Bhirav -- the strong and powerful incarnation of God Shiva The powerful trinity of the Hindu Gods pantheon is Brahma, Visnu and Shiva. THE YUGAS OF THE INDIAN CIVILIZATION

The ancient Hindus divided the occupation period of the earth right from the time when the Gods when living alone on the earth up to now when only mankind is leaving on earth.

Definition of the Maha Yugas The smallest cycle is called a maha yuga. A maha yuga is 4,320,000 human years. Each maha yuga is subdivided into the following four ages, whose lengths follow a ratio of 4:3:2:1: Satya Yuga (also called Krita Yuga) This first age is 1,728,000 human years. Also known as the Golden Age or age of Truth. The qualities of this age are: virtue reigns supreme; human stature is 21 cubits; lifespan is a lakh of years, and death occurs only when willed. Treta Yuga This second age is 1,296,000 human years. Also known as the Silver Age. The qualities of this age are: the climate is three quarters virtue and one quarter sin; human stature is 14 cubits; lifespan is 10,000 years. Dvapara Yuga This third age is 864,000 human years. Also known as the Bronze Age. The qualities of this age are: the climate is one half virtue and one half sin; lifespan is 1,000 years. Kali Yuga

The fourth and last age is 432,000 human years. Also known as the Iron Age. This is the age in which we are presently living. The qualities of this age are: the climate is one quarter virtue and three quarters sin; human stature is 3.5 cubits; lifespan is 100 or 120 years. http://baharna.com/karma/yuga.htm We should be careful to note that all the duration of the Yugas is given in human years when actually no human has been around in the Satya Yuga. Why? Well, this is only what we can understand for the time being! CODING OF THE MESSAGE

Let us suppose that a very advanced civilization from remote space comes to the earth and civilizes various tribes in various different areas. These aliens want to convey some message to the future generation in some way that can withhold the test of time. What would be those ways or languages? Mathematics and astronomy they would be! Mathematics is unchangeable and universal. Whether one speaks Sanskrit, Sumerian or Egyptian, mathematics still hold true for each and every one of them. Mathematics and astronomy are the keys to the truth. And the truth shall liberate you from the clutches of illusion! SIMILARITIES BETWEEN THE SUMERIAN AND INDIAN CIVILIZATION. Apollodorus of Athens also reported on the prehistorical disclosures of Berossus in similar terms: Ten rulers reigned a total of 120 shar's (432,000 years), and the reign of each one of them was also measured in the 3,600-year shar units. With the advent of Sumerology, the "olden texts" to which Berossus referred were found and deciphered; these were Sumerian king lists, which apparently laid down tradition of ten preDiluvial

rulers who ruled Earth from the time when "Kingship was lowered from Heaven" until the "Deluge swept over the Earth." Sitchin The above is a text from the book called the Twelfth Planet, archelogogical findings in Sumeria and their subsequent decipherment have led to the above texts. It is interesting to note how the figure 432,000 years clearly sticks out of the text. It is also interesting to note that Kingship was descended to earth only after the great deluge. Hinduism also recall of such a great deluge in the past whereby Visnu incarnated as a fish to protect humankind and the earth. The Great deluge is not a Christian concept but a Sumerian one. Archaeology and Geology has amassed enough proof for its remote happenings. It is very much interesting to note that the epoch of 432,000 years is recorded both in Hindu and Sumerian civilization. The Satya Yuga of the Indian actually consists of 4*120 shars of the Sumerian! For a fact we know that no Homo Sapiens fossils have been found dating as far back as the Satya Yuga or the Treta Yuga. In the Treta Yuga, we most probably had Homo Neanderthals and other hominids existing at the same time. The Gods of the Indians adored gold in the same way as the gods of the Sumerians. But why Gold and not diamond? We all know that gold is a virtually indestructible metal, a very good conductor of electricity and highly used in modern electronics. Gold was also very important for the Pharaohs, the Hebrew, the Incas and Kings of Europe as well. It seems that this idea

that gold is important is deeply ingrained into the collective consciousness of mankind since prehistoric times. But why?

THE MEANING OF THE 432,000 YEARS

It is clearly understood from the Sumerian texts that the number of 3600 is of sacred importance. When 432,000 are divided by 3600 we get the number 120. What does all this mean? Where are all the Gods that were once supposed to have lived on earth? Why did they all go away after having engineering mankind to their likeness? Will they ever come back to see what is happening to their creation? What is your opinion?

IS THERE A UNIFYING THEORY OF PHYSICS?

The universe can be described at a macro level and a micro level. At both levels there are forces and laws that govern existence. In fact there exists four laws and if any of these four laws would have been a little different than what they are now, then our whole existence would have fallen apart. May be I would have even been writing this article due to our species being non-existent. THE FOUR FORCES These laws need to be known and understood. They are: The force of gravitational attraction Electromagnetism The strong nuclear force The weak nuclear force.

A basic explanation of these laws is: The force of gravitational attraction is what keeps us on the earth. It is this force that helps us walk on the earth without flying off in the air when we do a step forward. It is this same force that keeps us sitting when we place ourselves on a chair. Electromagnetism is the force that helps atom bind together. This force can also be produced by making use of electrical and magnetic forces. In fact electromagnetism is what keeps our body, which is composed of millions of atoms, in one whole piece. This also applies for inert matter as well.

The strong nuclear force is the force that keeps protons and neutrons together in the nucleus of an atom. This force is so strong that when nuclear fission is triggered as in the case of atomic bombs, unparallel devastating force is suddenly unleashed! The weak nuclear force can be described as follows: As we go up in atomic number the atoms get larger and larger. The Electrostatic part of the EM force gets larger on an individual proton from the repulsive force of more and more protons. Define this as an increasing weak force. Also dependent on the configuration of those + charges and how they move inside the nucleus. Even the random movement of the electrons outside may have some influence on the net instantaneous weak force working on a individual proton. If all these elements combine such that at some random perfect combination just one proton reaches a weak force push that the strong force cannot hold it back, well all hell breaks loose. Once it happens, the end results depend on the EM, Weak, and Strong forces interactions on all the pieces. We see it as radiation, nuclear power, or an explosion. http://www.physicsforums.com/showthread.php?t=87865 THE THEORY OF RELATIVITY Then somewhere around 1905, a man named Albert Einstein came up with the theory of general relativity, derived from the laws of gravitational attraction, and later with the theory of special relativity. The theories have been extensively tested over many years and they have proven to be true.

A basic explanation of the theory of relativity is as follows:

Theory of Relativity A Brief History

The Theory of Relativity, proposed by the Jewish physicist Albert Einstein (1879-1955) in the early part of the 20th century, is one of the most significant scientific advances of our time. Although the concept of relativity was not introduced by Einstein, his major contribution was the recognition that the speed of light in a vacuum is constant and an absolute physical boundary for motion. This does not have a major impact on a person's day-to-day life since we travel at speeds much slower than light speed. For objects travelling near light speed, however, the theory of relativity states that objects will move slower and shorten in length from the point of view of an observer on Earth. Einstein also derived the famous equation, E = mc2, which reveals the equivalence of mass and energy.

When Einstein applied his theory to gravitational fields, he derived the "curved space-time continuum" which depicts the dimensions of space and time as a two-dimensional surface where massive objects create valleys and dips in the surface. This aspect of relativity explained the phenomena of light bending around the sun, predicted black holes as well as the Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation (CMB) -- a discovery rendering fundamental anomalies in the classic Steady-State hypothesis. For his work on relativity, the photoelectric effect and blackbody radiation, Einstein received the Nobel Prize in 1921.

Theory of Relativity The Basics Physicists usually dichotomizes the Theory of Relativity into two parts.

The first is the Special Theory of Relativity, which essentially deals with the question of whether rest and motion are relative or absolute, and with the consequences of Einsteins conjecture that they are relative.

The second is the General Theory of Relativity, which primarily applies to particles as they accelerate, particularly due to gravitation, and acts as a radical revision of Newtons theory, predicting important new results for fast-moving and/or very massive bodies. The General Theory of Relativity correctly reproduces all validated predictions of Newtons theory, but expands on our understanding of some of the key principles. Newtonian physics had previously hypothesised that gravity operated through empty space, but the theory lacked explanatory power as far as how the distance and mass of a given object could be transmitted through space. General relativity irons out this paradox, for it shows that objects continue to move in a straight line in space-time, but we observe the motion as acceleration because of the curved nature of space-time.

Einsteins theories of both special and general relativity have been confirmed to be accurate to a very high degree over recent years, and the data has been shown to corroborate many key predictions; the most famous being the solar eclipse of 1919 bearing testimony that the light of stars is indeed deflected by the sun as the light passes near the sun on its way to earth. The total solar eclipse allowed astronomers to -- for the first time -analyse starlight near the edge of the sun, which had been previously inaccessible to observers due to the intense brightness of the sun. It also predicted the rate at which two neutron stars orbiting one another will move toward each other. When this phenomenon

was first documented, general relativity proved itself accurate to better than a trillionth of a percent precision, thus making it one of the best confirmed principles in all of physics.

Applying the principle of general relativity to our cosmos reveals that it is not static. Edwin Hubble (1889-1953) demonstrated in 1928 that the Universe is expanding, showing beyond reasonable doubt that the Universe sprang into being a finite time ago. The most common contemporary interpretation of this expansion is that this began to exist from the moment of the Big Bang some 13.7 billion years ago. http://www.allaboutscience.org/theory-of-relativity.htm Theory of Relativity A Testament to Creation

Using the observed cosmic expansion conjunctively with the general theory of relativity, we can infer from the data that the further back into time one looks, the universe ought to diminish in size accordingly. However, this cannot be extrapolated indefinitely. The universes expansion helps us to appreciate the direction in which time flows. This is referred to as the Cosmological arrow of time, and implies that the future is -- by definition - the direction towards which the universe increases in size. The expansion of the universe also gives rise to the second law of thermodynamics, which states that the overall entropy (or disorder) in the Universe can only increase with time because the amount of energy available for work deteriorates with time. If the universe was eternal, therefore, the amount of usable energy available for work would have already been exhausted. Hence it follows that at one point the entropy value was at absolute 0 (most ordered state at the moment of creation) and the entropy has been increasing ever since -- that is, the universe at one point

was fully wound up and has been winding down ever since. This has profound theological implications; for it shows that time itself is necessarily finite. If the universe were eternal, the thermal energy in the universe would have been evenly distributed throughout the cosmos, leaving each region of the cosmos at uniform temperature (at very close to absolute zero rendering no further work possible) The General Theory of Relativity demonstrates that time is linked, or related, to matter and space, and thus the dimensions of time, space, and matter constitute what we would call a continuum. They must come into being at precisely the same instant. Time itself cannot exist in the absence of matter and space. From this, we can infer that the uncaused first cause must exist outside of the four dimensions of space and time, and possess eternal, personal, and intelligent qualities in order to possess the capabilities of intentionally space, matter -- and indeed even time itself into being. http://www.allaboutscience.org/theory-of-relativity.htm THE QUANTUM THEORY At the micro level of the cosmos, which we can also call the atomic level, the theory of general relativity no longer holds true. The micro level of the cosmos consists of atoms, protons, neutrons, electrons, photons, gravitons and many other fine particles.

Some of the mysteries of the micro level cosmos are: The wave-particle behaviour of light This phenomenon has been observed during the double slit experiment. In this experiment light behaves as a wave under no monitoring circumstances. As soon as a camera is introduced in the experiment for recording purposes, light starts behaving as particles. This is the most mysterious occurrence in quantum physics from my point of view and can only be explained by other means (Please refer to my other book: Metaphysical thoughts). The observer changes the outcome of the experiment From the above and other experiments conducted, it has been confirmed that the presence of any observer in an experiment changes the outcome of the experiment. In simple words (I will try), the exact state of a particle cannot be known until it is observed (Most probably you are saying: we all know that!). In fact it has been agreed that a particular state can only be assigned to a particle if it is observed. For example let us say we know that there is an electron enclosed in a vessel. In fact before opening the vessel, the state of being there and not being there is assigned at one and the same time to the electron! Friends, this is not some another crazy theory being thrown at you. This is just the way things naturally are! This is how the Sun produces its energy through fusion of hydrogen atoms. Linked atoms Let us say that we have identical atoms separated by space and time. Any action caused upon one of the atoms would trigger the same reaction in the other one!

AN ATTEMPT AT CREATING A UNIFYING THEORY OF PHYSICS Having only one universe in existence, it sounds weird that we have two sets of laws governing it. One of the set of laws governs the macro-level and the other set governs the micro level. The most interesting part is that both sets of laws are true and they contradict each other. This does not sound too scientific! Well, to resolve this problem of contradiction, many physicists embarked on a mission to come up with a unifying theory for both sets of physical laws. Recently they came up with the Strings theory. As any new theory it has to withstand extensive mathematical and experimental testing for it to be proven true and accepted. Well the string theory is certainly very weird and it has already passed some tests. In my opinion it is too early to make any statement yet. What is the Strings theory? String theory is a physics theory that the universe is composed of vibrating filaments of energy, expressed in precise mathematical language. These strings of energy represent the most fundamental aspect of nature. The theory also predicts other fundamental objects, called branes. All of the matter in our universe consists of the vibrations of these strings (and branes). One important result of string theory is that gravity is a natural consequence of the theory, which is why scientists believe that string theory may hold the answer to possibly uniting gravity with the other forces that affect matter. String theory for dummies by Andrew Zimmermann Jones with Daniel Robins, PhD in Physics.

However, somewhere back in recent times, an Indian Metaphysicist proposed something else well before the notion of the strings theory was even formulated. The whole theory follows below: THE EXISTENCE OF THE MICROVITA THEORY AS A PRECURSOR TO THE STRINGS THEORY The concept of microvita was introduced through a series of lectures by the Indian philosopher and social reformer SHRII P.R. SARKAR. Microvita is also known as little life or micro energy. P. R. Sarkar's Theory of Microvita Inanimate and Animate Matter Sarkar's theory of Microvita will undoubtedly revolutionise physics and chemistry. Not only has he postulated the existence of a fundamental quantum particle whose properties determine the behaviour of atoms and molecules, but he also says that one of those properties is 'mind'; not Cosmic Mind but a primitive kind of unit mind known as 'micro-psychic conation'. If life is the result of an inter-relation between matter and mind then we are forced to conclude that atoms are in some way living. And by extension all structures that are composed of atoms, such as stones, the inert gases, meteorites, stars and so on, all these are living. In fact Sarkar has always referred to stars and galaxies as living celestial bodies" but this was interpreted by the author in some metaphorical sense. The theory of Microvita says explicitly that all atomic structures are living. "Every structure of carbonic origin in this universe, whether animate or inanimate,

has a mind. That is, a mind is associated with every structure either in manifested form or in dormant form. Where the mind is not expressed there is no endoplasmic coverage, and where the mind is expressed endoplasmic coverage shall be there.

Sarkar appears to use the term 'carbonic' in reference to atomic matter. Inanimate atomic matter has mind and must therefore be considered a primordial form of life. But its mind is unmanifest or dormant. However with animate matter (the most primitive animate creatures we know of are the bacteria), mind is manifest due to the presence of a mental covering known as endoplasm. Sarkar has said little else about endoplasm but presumably he will expand on the topic in the future.

According to the theory of Microvita as it now stands, the evolution of life (Prati-Saincara) begins with Microvita. A single microvitum is a quantum particle from which emanates a primitive or proto-mind field known as "micro-psychic conation". Many Microvita condense to form atoms and the atoms condense to form molecules and macromolecules. The macromolecules condense to form viruses and although the gap is large, virus is in some way combine to give the simplest living creatures: bacteria. According to biologists, primitive bacteria combined to give protoplasmic cells and protoplasmic cells combined to give multi cellular forms of life. Clearly the evolution of life is a synthetic process in which Microvita coagulate in larger and larger numbers to generate more complex and subtle structures.

What we previously believed to be dead or inert matter must now be considered as one end of the spectrum of life. The boundary between inanimate life and animate life is somewhere in the vicinity of a virus. We can imagine that as more and more Microvita coagulate there comes a stage where a synergistic reaction takes place. The sum of the parts produces something more than the parts themselves. Perhaps we may liken it to a phase transition where many Microvita suddenly coordinate their activities so as to produce a unit mind sufficiently advanced that we call it a living organism in the ordinary sense.

But it cannot just be large numbers of Microvita that are required to produce living creatures since in that case a star would be far more intelligent than a human being. The important factor is more likely to be the degree of close coordination between individual Microvita. This brings us to another question about Microvita. What is their relationship to Pranah or vital energy.

Microvita and Pranah

Within every physical structure there is a clash of interial and exterial forces. The interial forces attempt to keep the structure together while the exterial forces attempt to break the structure into numerous smaller pieces. These interial and exterial forces include the four forces of nature in their attractive and repulsive modes but probably also include other physical

drives such as inertia and entropy. Life only develops in stable physical structures where the sum of the interial forces is greater than the sum of the exterial forces. The excess of interial forces over exterial forces is called Pranah or Life Force and is a measure of bow well the structure is knit together and how well it is able to withstand the vicissitudes of its environment. Where Pranah exists, the structure also has a nucleus upon which the interial and exterial forces are focused. Not just protoplasmic cells but also nuclei, atoms, stars and galaxies all represent structures of this sort. However with animate structures, the interial and exterial forces become very closely coordinated and are controlled from a common nucleus.

Sarkar describes the interplay of exterial and interial forces as chemical clash and it is only when this chemical clash is sufficiently intense (that is, when the interial and exterial forces are very closely coordinated) that some portion of the physical structure is powdered down to form mind stuff, Citta or ectoplasm. Once ectoplasm is formed the process tends to be selfreinforcing because ectoplasm acts as a template to create more physical structure which gives rise to more ectoplasm. The greater the chemical clash or coordination of interial and exterial forces, the greater the production of ectoplasm. To sum up, the boundary between inanimate and animate physical structures depends not on the presence or absence of mind but upon the amount of mind (ectoplasm) which is in turn dependent upon the degree of chemical clash (Pranah) within the structure. The phrase "tactual presence of Macropsychic conation" is being a

metamorphosis. The sum of a number of small metamorphoses becomes an "evolutionary jump". Sarkar asks whether the metamorphosis of any living structure "is of inherent or exherent nature"; that is, whether the evolution of living structures into more subtle or complex forms finds its inspiration from within the structure of life itself or whether some outside agency is involved. This question is hotly debated by biologists. He answers the question by saying that the inspiration is partly inherent and partly exherent and not purely one or the other. Where the inspiration is inherent, the change is known as transmutation and where the inspiration is exherent, the change is known as metamorphosis. The exherent or outside factor involved in metamorphosis is "tactual presence of Macro-psychic conation". Macro-psychic conation in this context refers to the desire of Cosmic Mind. In other words the evolution of life into more complex forms is partly inspired, motivated and directed by the impulse of Cosmic Mind.

The evolution of life takes place in small steps, each step highly significant because 'tactuality' is a synonym Sarkar sometimes uses for the sense of 'touch' which is associated with aerial Factor and with Pranah. Remember that Pranah or life farce is a collection of ten subtle energies or vital airs which emerge out of the clash between interial and exterial forces and which coordinate the living structure. In other words, Cosmic Mind directs the evolution of life by manipulating the interial and exterial forces that maintain the living physical structure. Pranah is the link between the Cosmic Mind and physical structure of

life.

We now have a picture of the evolution of living structures in which two processes are occuring simultaneously. There is increasing coordination of the physical structure by Pranah which results in increased chemical clash and there is increased numbers of and cooperation among Microvita. Both these processes serve to increase the quantity and quality of mind. There is surely a connection between the two parallel processes but what it might be we cannot say for the present time. Perhaps Microvita also have the capacity to manipulate Pranah and thereby direct the evolution of living structures inherently. In terms of modern physics this is equivalent to saying that Microvita are intimately associated with the action of the four forces of nature. It may well turn out to be that a Unified Theory of the four forces will devolve around a mathematical description of Microvita.

Microvita and Disease Sarkar's theory of Microvita not only stands to revolutionise the physical and life sciences. It also has tremendous practical importance in the field of medicine. According to modern medical theory many forms of illness are the result of infections by viruses or bacteria. Sarkar rejects the term virus as "vague" and prefers to redefine the causal agent of such diseases as Microvita. Not all Microvita cause disease and in this regard Sarkar classifies them in three groups; 'positive' i.e, conducive to human welfare, 'negative' i.e. harmful to human welfare or disease-forming and 'neutral' i.e.

having neither good nor bad effect.

An interesting feature of Microvita is their mobility. Sarkar says they travel from planet to planet and between solar systems, spreading different forms of life. In other words, life did not evolve de novo on earth. Rather the earth was infected with the seeds of life in the form of Microvita. (Presumably Sarkar mean' special aggregations of Microvita or perhaps he is referring to organic molecules and viruses which are now believed to pervade space.) Sarkar also implies that the arrival of a new kind of negative Microvitum on earth from an extraterrestrial source can cause a disease epidemic.

The well known scientist Fred Hoyle and his associate Chandra Wikramasinghe have recently made newspaper headlines around the world by claiming that 'killer viruses' carried by comet dust and other space particles have the potential to wipe out human life on earth. They say that viral epidemics such as influenza, measles, whooping cough and AIDS arrived on earth by this means. "As far as the facts are concerned", says Wikramasinghe, "the theory is in good shape and proven beyond a shadow of a doubt. It would be possible for one of these viruses to kill off mankind. AIDS is a killer virus and a threat to our species." Hoyle's theory has some parallels with Sarkar's theory of Microvita. It is perhaps because of the increased possibility of Microvita diseases coming from extraterrestrial sources in the near further, that Sarkar urges immediate research into Microvita.

He has given many demonstrations of Microvita diseases and described some cures. Piece by piece we are building up a picture of the evolution of life from a single Microvitum to the protoplasmic cell. The jigsaw puzzle is far from complete but at least some crude outline of structure and process is now apparent. Admittedly our picture depends primarily upon the images and language of Brahmacakra but some connections can be made with 'western' scientific knowledge. This article has been solely concerned with the theory of Microvita since the author has no experience at all with the practicalities of Microvita.

But it does not take much imagination to understand what the practical consequences of a Microvitum technology might be. Sarkar's numerous demonstrations of Microvita clearly establish that they can be controlled by power of human mind. If the fundamental particle of creation can be brought under human control, then the entire physical universe is within our grasp. Perhaps we have here the clue to various feats of psycho-kinesis that defy comprehension by traditional science. But we are already too far into speculation and here I must end. The need of the day is "extensive research" into these most mysterious creatures-the microvita. The Microvita Revolution, Richard Richardson-The Microvita research institute.

After reading the description of the Strings theory and the theory of Microvita, one might be tempted to guess that in fact they are one and the same theory. Can be it be that the strings theory is an emanation of the Microvita theory even though that each one of them have evolved separately without their progenitors knowing the existence of each other? The creator of the Microvita theory even predicted that Physicists would one day work on a unified theory of Physics and encouraged them to work out a unified theory of physics around a mathematical model of the Microvita. Is the theory of Microvita the actual unified theory of Physics and the proper answer to the mechanism of evolution as well? Are we only in waiting for the mathematical model to prove the theory true? What is your opinion?

THE MIND OF A GENIUS-NIKOLA TESLA

The name Nikola Tesla might not mean much to many people these days. However we owe almost all the technological progress of our times to this prodigal genius. Tesla was born on the 10th July 1856 in what is known today as Yugoslavia. Nikola Tesla had a strange childhood and a strange life as well. He went through several life threatening strange illnesses in his life and always had a near escape from these illnesses. Nikola Tesla mastered and tamed the alternating current to serve mankind. He was not an inventor but a discoverer of principles as he puts it himself. Tesla discovered many electrical engineering principles and he built prototypes to tests them. He always succeeded. Tesla never drew any engineering drawing and never did any calculations on paper to verify his theories. Everything was in his brain. Actually he was saying that he could visualize everything in 3-D in his mind up to the minute little current flowing in the copper wires! A brilliant mind indeed! Teslas brain was full of these engineering theories and 3-D visualizations. Tesla was a man who preferred to be left alone rather than to be in the company of others. Even perfection has its own fault; Tesla was not a sociable man. Our point of interest in this great genius is his brain and states of consciousness. A human brain normally exhibits various states of consciousness at various times and these are accompanied by specific or a mixture of brainwaves. The article below might help in shedding some light on this not so well known truth of the human brain:

It is well known that the brain is an electrochemical organ; researchers have speculated that a fully
functioning brain can generate as much as 10 watts of electrical power. Other more conservative investigators calculate that if all 10 billion interconnected nerve cells discharged at one time that a single electrode placed on the human scalp would record something like five millionths to 50 millionths of a volt. If you had enough scalps hooked up you might be able to light a flashlight bulb.

Even though this electrical power is very limited, it does occur in very specific ways that are characteristic of the human brain. Electrical activity emanating from the brain is displayed in the form of brainwaves. There are four categories of these brainwaves, ranging from the most activity to the least activity. When the brain is aroused and actively engaged in mental activities, it generates beta waves. These beta waves are of relatively low amplitude, and are the fastest of the four different brainwaves. The frequency of beta waves ranges from 15 to 40 cycles a second. Beta waves are characteristics of a strongly engaged mind. A person in active conversation would be in beta. A debater would be in high beta. A person making a speech, or a teacher, or a talk show host would all be in beta when they are engaged in their work.

The next brainwave category in order of frequency is alpha. Where beta represented arousal, alpha represents non-arousal. Alpha brainwaves are slower, and higher in amplitude. Their frequency ranges from 9 to 14 cycles per second. A person who has completed a task and sits down to rest is often in an alpha state. A person who takes time out to reflect or meditate is usually in an alpha state. A person who takes a break from a conference and walks in the garden is often in an alpha state.

The next state, theta brainwaves, is typically of even greater amplitude and slower frequency. This frequency range is normally between 5 and 8 cycles a second. A person who has taken time off from a task and begins to daydream is often in a theta brainwave state. A person who is driving on a freeway, and discovers that they can't recall the last five miles, is often in a theta state--induced by

the process of freeway driving. The repetitious nature of that form of driving compared to a country road would differentiate a theta state and a beta state in order to perform the driving task safely. The Brainwaves Individuals who do a lot of freeway driving often get good ideas during those periods when they are in theta. Individuals who run outdoors often are in the state of mental relaxation that is slower than alpha and when in theta, they are prone to a flow of ideas. This can also occur in the shower or tub or even while shaving or brushing your hair. It is a state where tasks become so automatic that you can mentally disengage from them. The ideation that can take place during the theta state is often free flow and occurs without censorship or guilt. It is typically a very positive mental state.

The final brainwave state is delta. Here the brainwaves are of the greatest amplitude and slowest frequency. They typically centre around a range of 1.5 to 4 cycles per second. They never go down to zero because that would mean that you were brain dead. But, deep dreamless sleep would take you down to the lowest frequency. Typically, 2 to 3 cycles a second.

When we go to bed and read for a few minutes before attempting sleep, we are likely to be in low beta. When we put the book down, turn off the lights and close our eyes, our brainwaves will descend from beta, to alpha, to theta and finally, when we fall asleep, to delta.

It is a well known fact that humans dream in 90 minute cycles. When the delta brainwave frequencies increase into the frequency of theta brainwaves, active dreaming takes place and often

becomes more experiential to the person. Typically, when this occurs there is rapid eye movement, which is characteristic of active dreaming. This is called REM, and is a well known phenomenon.

When an individual awakes from a deep sleep in preparation for getting up, their brainwave frequencies will increase through the different specific stages of brainwave activity. That is, they will increase from delta to theta and then to alpha and finally, when the alarm goes off, into beta. If that individual hits the snooze alarm button they will drop in frequency to a non-aroused state, or even into theta, or sometimes fall back to sleep in delta. During this awakening cycle it is possible for individuals to stay in the theta state for an extended period of say, five to 15 minutes--which would allow them to have a free flow of ideas about yesterday's events or to contemplate the activities of the forthcoming day. This time can be an extremely productive and can be a period of very meaningful and creative mental activity.

In summary, there are four brainwave states that range from the high amplitude, low frequency delta to the low amplitude, high frequency beta. These brainwave states range from deep dreamless sleep to high arousal. The same four brainwave states are common to the human species. Men, women and children of all ages experience the same characteristic brainwaves. They are consistent across cultures and country boundaries.

Research has shown that although one brainwave state may predominate at any given time, depending on the activity level of the individual, the remaining three brain states are present in the mix of brainwaves at all times. In other words, while somebody is an aroused state and exhibiting a beta brainwave pattern, there also exists in that person's brain a component of alpha, theta and delta, even though these may be present only at the trace level.

It has been my personal experience that knowledge of brainwave states enhances a person's ability to make use of the specialized characteristics of those states: these include being mentally

productive across a wide range of activities, such as being intensely focused, relaxed, creative and in restful sleep.

http://www.web-us.com/brainwavesfunction.htm

Hence from the above article it can be clearly deduced that Nikola Tesla had a predominance of theta and delta waves in his brain waves pattern. Only this could have helped Tesla in having a constant influx of workable engineering theories and visualizations within his brain. The theta brainwaves are responsible for the ideas and the delta brainwaves are responsible for the visualization. It is commonly believed that the deep delta mode is the common repository of all truth and if one can remain conscious in this deep delta mode then surely one will have known the truth. We should remember that even Einstein was sleeping and dreaming a lot! Natural sleep is associated with the delta mode. Also, we should note that any radio will only pick up the frequency to which it is actually tuned and nothing else! As an ending note; the delta mode leads to the truth, but truth can always be treated relatively.