My

Additional Mathematics
Modules
Form 4
Topic: 7

DECISIVE
(Version 2011) by

NgKL
(M.Ed.,B.Sc.Hons.,Dip.Ed.,Dip.Edu.Mgt.&Lship,Cert.NPQH.)

THIS MODUL BELONGS TO

NAME: . CLASS:

MY PROMISE MY RESOLUTION MY AIM IS TO SCORE

IN MY SPM ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS AND WILL WORK HARD, SMART AND EFFICIENTLY FOR IT THIS IS MY SIGNATURE TO SIGNIFY MY DETERMINATION

... ( )
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7.1 - MEASURES OF CENTRAL TENDENCY

IMPORTANT POINTS: Ungrouped Data Data sets which are not grouped into classes. Ungrouped Data (in a Frequency Table) Data sets which are not grouped into classes but are presented in Frequency Table. Example: Number of Books Read 0 1 2 3 4 Number of Students 5 6 8 4 2 Grouped Data Data sets which are grouped into classes and presented in Frequency Table. Example: Number of Books Read 01 2-3 4-5 6-7 8-9 Number of Students 11 12 15 8 7

Example: The masses of six pupils in kilogram: 50, 52, 55, 60, 55, 59.

Mode = The value which is repeated the most number of times in a set of data.

Mode = The value of data which has the highest frequency.

Modal Class = The class with highest frequency. Mode is obtained from the highest bar of a histogram with the procedure as shown below.
Modal class frequency

mode

Ungroup Data Mean, x = N

_

Ungroup Data (in a Frequency Table) Mean, x = f

_

Group Data Mean, x = f

_

fx

fx

x = sum of all the

values of data. N = number of values of data.

x = value of data f = frequency

x = class mid-point f = frequency

Median, m = the value in the middle position of a set of data after the data are arranged in ascending order.

Median, m = the value in the middle position of a set of data after the data are arranged in ascending order.

Median, m
N F = Lm + 2 fm c

Lm = lower boundary of the median class. N = sum of frequency. F = cumulative frequency of the class before the median class. fm = frequency of the median class. c = size of the median class. Effects of uniform changes in a set of data on the mode, mean and median: 1. When a constant number k is added or subtracted to each data in a set, then * the new mode = original mode k * the new mean = original mean k * the new median = original median k 2. When a constant number k is multiplied to each data in a set, then * the new mode = k x original mode. * the new mean = k x original mean. * the new median = k x original median. When two sets of data, i.e. set X and set Y are combined, then Combined mean = Exercise 7.1.1 1. Find the mode, mean and median of the following sets of data. (a) 9, 5, 3, 3, 7, 13, 9

x+y
Nx + Ny

(b) 2, 8, 11, 9, 6, 5, 12, 11

(c) 3, 4, 11, 3, 10, 11, 2, 3, 7

2.

Find the mode, mean and median of the following sets of data. (a ) Pocket money (RM), x Number of students, f fx 25 2 30 4 35 4 40 6 45 5 50 5

(b)

No. of absentees 0 1 2 3 4

No. of classes, f 3 8 6 4 3
6

(c)

No. of goals, x 3 4 5 6 7

No. of Players, f 12 10 9 7 5

(d)

Score, x 8 9 12 15 20 21

No. of pupils, f 4 8 11 10 5 2

3. Determine the modal class by drawing a histogram, hence estimate the mode for each set of group data below. (a) Height / cm 141 145 146 150 151 155 No. of pupils / f 7 9 16
7

LB

UB Modal class = Mode =

156 160 161 165

6 2

(b)

Marks 20 29 30 39 40 49 50 59 60 69 70 79 Mass / kg 30 39 40 49 50 59 60 69 70 79

No.. of pupils / f 2 4 5 10 6 3 No. of pupils / f 3 8 12 15 10

Modal class = Mode =

Modal class = Mode =.

(c)

4. (a)

Find the mean of each grouped data of the following. Height / cm 141 145 146 150 151 155 156 160 No. of pupils , f 7 9 16 6
8

Mid Point , x / cm

fx

161 165

(b)

Marks 20 -29 30 39 40 49 50 59 60 - 69 70 - 79

Number of pupils 2 4 5 10 6 3

(c)

Mass / kg 30 39 40 49 50 59 60 69 70 - 79

No. of pupils, f 8 10 7 15 10

(d) The table below shows the duration of telephone calls received in an office on a certain day for 40 calls. Determine the mean of the duration of calls. Duration of Calls / min 12 34 56 78 9 10 No. of Calls, f 2 4 5 10 6

5.

For each of the following sets of data, without drawing an ogive, calculate the median of the set of data. Height / cm 141 145 146 150 151 155 156 160 Number of pupils, f 7 9 16 6
10

(a)

LB

161 165

(b)

Marks 20 29 30 39 40 49 50 59 60 69 70 - 799

No. of Pupils, f 2 4 5 10 6 3

LB

(c)

Mass / kg 30 39 40 49 50 59 60 69 70 - 79

Number of pupils, f 8 10 8 14 10
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(d) The table below shows the duration of telephone calls received in an office on a certain day for 40 calls. Without drawing an ogive, determine the median of the duration of calls. Duration of Calls / min 23 45 67 89 10 11 Number of Calls, f 9 12 10 7 2

7.2 OGIVE An ogive is a statistical graph which is drawn of cumulative

frequency of a set of grouped data against its frequency class of upper boundary. An ogive can be used to estimate the median, m, first quartile, Q1 and third quartile, Q3 of the grouped data. Cumulative frequency, F 3N 4

N = Sum of frequency
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N 2 N 4 Q1 m Q3

Q1 = First quartile m = Median Q3 = Third quartile Upper boundary, UB

To draw an ogive, a Cumulative Frequency & Upper Boundary

table has to be built. A class with zero frequency and its upper boundary also need to be created. Example: Mass / kg 20 29 30 39 40 49 50 59 60 69 70 79 Frequency, f 0 8 10 8 14 10 Cumulative frequency, F 0 8 18 26 40 50 Upper boundary, UB 29.5 39.5 49.5 59.5 69.5 79.5

A graph is then plotted with its cumulative frequency against upper

boundary to give an ogive. 1. Exercise 7.2.1 The table below shows the duration of telephone calls received in an office on a certain day for 40 calls. Draw an ogive, hence determine the median, m, first quartile, Q1, and third quartile, Q3 of the duration of calls. Duration of Calls / min 23 45 67 89 Number of Calls, f 9 12 10 7
13

LB

10 11

2.

The table below shows marks scored by 30 pupils in a test. Draw an ogive, hence determine the median, m, first quartile, Q1, and third quartile, Q3 of the test. Marks Number of pupils 2 4 5 10 6 3

20 29 30 39 40 49 50 59 60 69 70 79

Exercise 7.2.2 - Effects of uniform changes in a set of data: 1. (a) The mode, mean and median of a set of numbers are 6, 8.5 and 7.8 respectively. Determine the new mode, mean and median if each of the numbers in the set is; (i) added by 3 and then divided by 2. (ii) subtracted by 5 and then multiplied by 4.

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(b) The mode, mean and median of a set of data are 32.5, 30 and 31.5 respectively. Find the new mode, mean and median if each value in the data is; (i) added by 3 and then multiplied by ., (ii) subtracted by 1.2.

(c) A set of data with 6 numbers has a mean of 21. When a new number is added to the set, the mean becomes 20. Find the value of the number added.

7.3

MEASURE OF DISPERSION
Ungroup Data Ungroup Data (in a Frequency Table) Range = largest value of data smallest value of data. Inter quartile range = Q3 - Q1 Group Data Range = midpoint of the highest class midpoint of the lowest class. Inter quartile range = Q3 - Q1

Range = largest value of data smallest value of data. Inter quartile range = Q3 - Q1

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Variance, 2 =
where;

x - _ 2 x N
2

Variance,

Variance,
2

fx _ 2 = x f
2

2 =

fx _ 2 x f
2

= sum of square of the values of data.

where; f = frequency. x = value of data.

where; f = frequency. x = class midpoint.

N = number of values of data.

x = mean

x = mean

x = mean

Standard deviation, =

Standard deviation, =

Standard deviation, =

x x
2

_ 2

fx x f
2

_ 2

fx 2 x_2 f

Effects of uniform changes in a set of data on the range, inter quartile range, variance and standard deviation. 1. When a constant number k is added or subtracted to each data in a set, then * the new range, interquartile range, variance and standard deviation = original range range, interquartile range, variance and standard deviation respectively. 2. When a constant number k is multiplied to each data in a set, then * the new range = k x original range. * the new interquartile range = k x original interquartile range.. * the new variance = k2 x original varaince. * the new standard deviation = k x original standard deviation. When two sets of data, i.e. set X and set Y are combined, then; Combined standard deviation = Exercise 7.3.1 1. Find the range and inter quartile range of each set of the following data. (b) 17, 4, 6, 10, 12, 12
2 x +y x+y N +N N x +Ny x y 2 2

(a) 46, 35, 41, 40, 32, 38, 44, 40

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(c ) 22, 20, 25, 19, 24

(b) 3, 12, 8, 4, 10, 6, 7

2.

Find the range and inter quartile range of each set of the following data.

(a )

Score x 1 2 3 4 5 6

No. of Pupils, f 3 6 12 20 18 11

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(b)

No. of Book, x 0 1 2 3 4 5

No. of Pupils, f 10 14 20 26 18 12

(c)

Mass, x / kg 50 51 52 53 54 55

No. of pupils, f 2 3 10 20 8 7

(d)

No. of Children 0 1 2 3 4 5

No. of Family, f 1 2 8 2 1 1

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3.

The table below shows the incomes of 40 workers in a factory. Income / RM 301 400 401 500 501 600 601 700 701 800 No. of workers, f 5 9 12 8 6

(a) Find the range of incomes of the workers.

(b) Calculate the first quartile, Q1,, the third quartile, Q3 and the inter quartile range.

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(c) Draw an ogive, hence determine the first quartile, Q1,,third quartile, Q3 and the inter quartile range from the ogive.

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4.

The table below shows the number of chicken sold over a period of 60 days. No. of chickens 11 15 16 20 21 25 26 30 31 - 35 No. of days, f 11 16 19 8 6

(a) Find the range of incomes of the workers.

(b) Calculate the first quartile, Q1,, the third quartile, Q3 and the inter quartile range.

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(c) Draw an ogive, hence determine the first quartile, Q1,,third quartile, Q3 and the inter quartile range from the ogive.

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Exercise 7.3.2 1. Find the mean, variance and standard deviation of each set of the following data. (a) 9, 5, 3, 3, 7, 13, 9

(b) 2, 8, 11, 9, 6, 5, 12, 11

(c) 3, 4, 11, 3, 10, 11, 2, 3, 7

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2.

Find the mean, variance and standard deviation of each of the following data.

(a )

Score, x 1 2 3 4 5 6

No. of pupils, f 3 6 12 20 18 11

fx

fx2

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(b)

No. of Book, x 0 1 2 3 4 5

No. of Pupils, f 10 14 20 26 18 12

(c)

Mass / kg 50 51 52 53 54 55

No. of pupils 2 3 10 20 8 7

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(d)

No. of children 0 1 2 3 4 5

No. of family 1 2 8 2 1 1

Exercise 7.3.3 1. The table below shows the duration of telephone calls received in an office on a certain day for 40 calls. Find the mean, variance and standard deviation of the duration of calls. Duration of Calls / min 23 45 67 89 10 11 Number of Calls, f 9 12 10 7 2 Midpoint , x fx fx2

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2.

The table below shows marks scored by 30 pupils in a test. Find the mean, variance and standard deviation of the test. Marks 20 29 30 39 40 49 50 59 60 - 69 70 - 79 Number of pupils, f 2 4 5 10 6 3

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3.

The table below shows the lengths of 60 mature long beans in a field study. Find the mean, variance and standard deviation of the lengths of the beans. Length / cm 10 14 15 19 20 24 25 29 30 34 Number of Beans 8 15 19 13 5

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Exercise 7.3.4 1. The range and the variance of a set of data are 12 and 13 respectively. Each value in the set of data is multiplied by 3 and then subtracted by 5. Find (a) the new range, (b) the new variance

2.

A set of data has a range of 30, an inter quartile range of 5 and a standard deviation of 8. Each value in the set of the data is divided by 4 and then added by 3. Find (a) the new range, (b) the new inter quartile range, (c) the new standard deviation.

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3.

Determine the range, the inter quartile range and the variance of the set of data, 3, 5, 6, 8 11, 13. What will be the range, the inter quartile range and the variance when values of the data is changed to the following (a) 4, 6, 7, 9, 12, 14. (b) 9, 15, 18, 24, 33, 39. (c) 1.5, 2.5, 3.0, 4.0, 5.5, 6.5. (d) 2.5, 4.5, 5.5, 7.5, 11.5, 13.5

Exercise 7.4: Problem Solving I 1. Given the mode and the mean of the following set of data, 9, p, 14, q, 33, q are 33 and 20 respectively. Determine the values of p and q.

2.

The median of the set data 4, 5, 6, 8, k, 9, is 7. Determine the value of k.

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3.

A set of data has seven numbers. Its mean is 9. If a number p is added to the set, the new mean is 12. What is the possible value of p?

4.

A set of data x1, x2, x3, x4, x5 has a mean of 10 and a variance of 4. A value of x6 is added to the set of data, the mean remains unchanged. Determine (a) the value of x6, (b) the variance of the new set of data.

5.

A set of data consists of 6 numbers. The sum of the numbers is 39 and the sum of the squares is 271. (a) Find the mean and variance of the set of data. (b) If a number 5 is taken out from the set of data, find the new mean and standard deviation of the new data.

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6.

The mean and variance of two sets of data are as following; Set X: x1, x2, x3, x4, x5, x6, x7; mean = 11, variance =16. Set Y: y1, y2, y3, y4, y5; mean =12, variance = 9. Find the mean and the variance when the two set of data are combined into one.

SPM Papers (2003 2010)

1. The diagram below is a histogram which represents the distribution of the marks obtained by 40 pupils in a test. 14 Number of Pupils 12 10 8 6 4 2
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Marks 0.5 (a) (b) 10.5 20.5 30.5 40.5 50.5 [3 marks] Without using an ogive, calculate the median mark.

Calculate the standard deviation of the distribution. [4 marks] (SPM 2005/SectionA/Paper2)

2.

A set of data consists of 10 numbers. The sum of the numbers is 150 and the sum of the squares of the numbers is 2472. (a) Find the mean and variance of the 10 numbers. [3 marks] (b) Another number is added to the set of data and the mean is increased by 1. Find (i) the value of this number, (ii) the standard deviation of the set of 11 numbers. [4 marks] (SPM 2004/SectionA/Paper2)

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3.

A set of examination marks x1, x2, x3, x4, x5, x6 has a mean of 5 and a standard deviation of 1.5. (a) Find (i) the sum of the marks, x, (ii) the sum of the squares of the marks, x2. [3 marks]

(b) Each mark is multiplied by 2 then 3 is added to it. Find, for the new set of marks, the mean, the variance. [4 marks] (SPM 2003/Section A/Paper2)

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4.

The positive integers consists of 2, 5 and m. The variance for this set of integers is 14. Find the value of m. [4 marks] (SPM 2006/Paper1) Answer:

5.

A set of data consists of five numbers. The sum of the numbers is 60 and the sum of the squares of the numbers is 800. Find, for the five numbers (a) the mean, (b) the standard deviation. [3 marks]
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(SPM2007/Paper1) Answer:

6.

Table 1 shows the cumulative frequency distribution for the scores of 32 students in a competition. Score Number of students < 10 4 < 20 10 Table 1 < 30 20 < 40 28 < 50 32

(a) Based on Table 1, copy and complete Table 2. Score Number of students Table 2 (b) Without drawing an ogive, find the interquartile range of the distribution. [5 marks] (SPM2007/Section A/Paper2) 09 10 19 20 29 30 39 40 49

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8.

A set of seven numbers has a mean of 9. (a) Find x. (b) When a number k is added to this set, the new mean is 8.5. Find the value of k. [3 marks] (SPM 2008/Paper1) Answer:

9. A set of 12 numbers, x1, x2,.... x12, has a variance of 40 and it is given that x2 = 1080. Find
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(a) the mean, x . (b) the value of x.

Answer:

[3 marks] SPM2009/Paper1

10. Table 1 shows the frequency distribution of the scores of a group of pupils in a game. Score 10 19 20 29 30 39 40 49 50 59 60 69 Number of pupils 1 2 8 12 k 1 Table 1 (a) It is given that the median score of the distribution is 42. Calculate the value of k. [3 marks]

(b) Use the graph paper provided by the invigilator to answer this question. Using a scale of 2 cm to 10 cm scores on the horizontal axis and 2 cm to 2 pupils on the vertical axis, draw a histogram to represent the frequency distribution of the scores. Find the mode score. [4 marks] (c) What is the mode score if the score of each pupil is increased by 5? [1 mark] (SPM2006/Section A/Paper 2)

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11. A set of data consists of 2, 3, 3, 4, 5, 7 and 9. Determine the interquartile range of the data [3 marks] SPM2010/Paper1 Answer:

12. Table 6 shows the frequency distribution of the marks of a group of students Score 1 10 11 20 21 30 31 40 41 50 Number of pupils 5 8 20 10 7

Table 6 (a) Use the graph paper to answer this question.

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Using a scale of 2 cm to 10 cm scores on the horizontal axis and 2 cm to 2 pupils on the vertical axis, draw a histogram to represent the frequency distribution of the scores. Find the mode score. [4 marks] (b) Calculate the standard deviation of the marks. [4 marks] (SPM2010/Section A/Paper2)

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