International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology- Volume2Issue3- 2011

Performance Test of CI Engine with Different Vegetable Oil as a Fuel

Mr.Paresh K. Kasundra *, Prof. Ashish V. Gohil,

M.E.[ Mechanical (Cryogenic)], Assistant Professor-Mechanical Engineering Department B.H.Gardi College of Engineering & Technology, Gardi Vidyapith Ph.d.[ Production engineering], Associate Professor & H.O.D -Production Engineering Department L.E. College, Morbi.

Abstract-

Key word: - biodiesel, vegetable oil, diesel engine performance.

Today, the diesel engine is still capable of running on biodiesel fuel, which can be produced from a variety of renewable sources, including soyabean oil, canola oil, sunflower oil, cottonseed oil, and animal fats. These sources can be obtained from agricultural feedstocks or by recycling used oil such as cooking grease. Biodiesel is usable in its pure form known as neat biodiesel or B100. In addition, it is available in various blends with petrodiesel, the most common of which is known as B20(20 percent biodiesel and 80 percent petrodiesel).it is also used in smaller percentage as a lubricating fuel additives. Copious resource of vegetable oil in India and its ease of translation to biodiesel help to save large expenses done on import of petroleum products and monetary growth of country. Biodiesel also generates enormous rural employment and degraded lands can be restored due to plantation of oil plants which help in reducing greenhouse gasses. in this paper we discuss & compare different performance parameters of with different vegetable oil as a fuel. C.I. engine

1. No w

Di e s el as

I. INTRODUCTION Engi n e P e rfo r man c e ef f or t is

Wi th to

V eg et a bl e Oi l s i n ve st i g at i v e ma d e

a d d re ss t he pe rf o r ma nc e c h ar ac t e ri st i c s of ve g e t ab l e oi l s f u e l s w h e n u s e d i n a d i e s el e n g i n e. Th e c ri t eri a b e h i n d se l ec t i o n o f a t e st e ng i n e is t h at it should r e pr e s e nt

e n g i n e s c u rr e n t l y i n w i d e u se i n a g ri c u l t ure a n d i n d u st ri a l e q ui p m e n t a n d e n gi n e s t h at a r e e xp e ct e d t o b e m o s t se n s i t i ve t o f u el p r o pe rt i e s. He nc e en gi ne u s e d b y B a r si c a nd Hu mk e in bo t h t h ei r e xp e ri m e n t s was a si n g l e c yl i n d e r n at ur a l l y a sp i r at e d DI e n gi n e. E n gi n e p e rf orm a nc e i s i n f l ue nc e d b y b a s i c d i f f er e nc e b et w e e n d i e s el f ue l a n d ve g et a b le o i l su c h a s c a l ori f i c va l ue , vi sc o si t y, d e n s i t y and m ol ec ul a r o xy g e n co nt e n t . Hi g h er d e n s i t i e s c a u s e s a n i n c r ea se i n o b s er v ed m a s s f l o w of f u e l a t a g i ve n i nj e ct i o n p um p se t t i n g s. A n d t h e f u el f l ow al s o i nc r e a s e s a s i nt er n al p u m p l e a k a g e s r e du c e du e t o hi gh

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International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology- Volume2Issue3- 2011

vi sc o si t y. E n gi n e p e rf o rm a n c e at m a xi m um f u e l d e l i v er y, eq u al e n e rg y d el i v e r y an d a t p a rt l o a d i s di s c u ss e d b e l ow , t he f ue l u sed a r e Su nf l o we r o i l , Pe a n ut o i l an d S o ya b ean o i l [ 1 , 6 , 7 , 8] . 2 . En gi n e P e rfo rman c e At Equ a l En ergy D e l i v e r y And P a rt Lo ad Al t h o ug h p e rf o r ma n ce of a n u n a l t er e d e n gi ne with ve ge t a bl e of oil the f u el is a the pri m a ry e n gi ne c o n si d er a t i on u s e r, Th e r ma l Ef fi c i e n c y of c a l o ri f i c va l u e is di f f er e nc e, a m ore t he rm a l ef f i c i e nc y B e ca u s e i ndi c a t e d I ndi c a t ed of Th e r mal Sp ec i fi c val u e s Fu el of

Co ns ump ti on B e ca u s e l ow er h ea t i n g ve g e t ab l e oi l s i t h a s b e e n o b se r ve d t h at va l u e s of I SFC w e r e hi gh e r w i t h ve g et a b le o i l s t h en w i t h d i e s el f ue l .

p e rf or ma n c e a n al ys e s c a n o nl y b e ma d e by e q u al e n er g y d el i v er y a s i t b e st i d e n t i f i e s t he b a si c c o n s um pt i o n e f f i ci e nc y. Eq u al e n er gy d e l i ve r y m ea n s s u p pl y i n g e q u al a mo u nt o f e n e rg y f rom bo t h v e g e t abl e oi l an d di e se l fuel. H e nc e s om e e n gi n e pe rf o rm a nce

re l e v a nt pa ra m e t e r t h an I SF C f o r a s se ss i ng t h e en gi n e s c a p a bi l i t y t o b ur n t h e ve g et a b le o i l ef f i ci e nt l y . I t w a s o b ser v e d b y B ar si c a nd Hu mk e t h at t h e rm a l ef f i c i e n c y ge n er al l y of decreases with i n c re a si ng p e rc en t a g e

ve g e t ab l e o i l [ 6, 7 ] . E xh au st t emp e ra tu r e

c o m p ari s o n s f or dif f e r en t f u el s w e r e ma d e a t e q u al f u el e n er g y r at e s. [ 3 , 4, 5, 8 ] that Fu e l Fl ow R at e s f u el ma ss flow r at e i n c r ea se d w i th I nc r e a se s i n e xh a u s t t e mp e rat u re s ar e al so a n i n di c at i v e o f l ow e r e n gi n e p e rf orm a nc e b e c au s e t h e l o w e r he at r el e a s e ra t e s a nd re t a rd e d h e a t rel e a s e a ss o c i at e d wi t h l ow er t h erm al ef f i c i en c y c o nt ri b ut e to hi g h er I t w a s o b se rv e d a n d c a n b e s ee n i n Fi g 2. 1 g r e a t er f ra c t i on o f ve g et a bl e o i l s i n f u e l , l ow e r c a l o ri f i c v al u e o f v eg e t a bl e o i l s t han d i e se l r e su l t ed i n c o n s t an t i n p u t of e ne r g y. I ndi c at ed Pow e r

e xh a u s t t e m p er at ur e s. Fi g 2 . 3 gi v e s t r e n d s f or e xh a u st t em p er at u r e v e r se s p e rc e nt a ge of ve g et a bl e o i l . Th e se t re n d s a re c o n si st e nt wi t h lower p ow e r and l ow er t h er m al

A t f u l l l o a d e qu al e n er g y i n p ut l e v el s, t he i nd i ca t e d p ow e r d i f f er e n c e s w e r e sl i g h t w hen a l l of t h e f u el co m bi n at i o n s w e re c o mp a red a s c a n b e s e e n i n Fi g 2. 2 . A t m o s t m e d i um l oa d e q u al e ne rg y i n p ut o pe r at i n g p oi n t ,

ef f i c i e nc y t r e n d s of ve g e t abl e oi l s.

Si mi l ar t r e n d s a re ob se r v e d i f e n gi n e i s run o n p art l o a d. Fi g 2 . 4 sh ow s m a ss f u el f l ow ra t e s a n d e n gi n e p ow e r o ut pu t a s a f u n ct i on of f u el e n er g y i n p ut (p a rt l o a d d a t a ) at 2 2 00 rp m f or crude an d d e g u mm e d c r u de so y a b e a n o i l a s c o m p a r ed t o d i e se l f u e l [ 7] .

t h e r e w er e s l i g h t p ow er o u t p u t d i f f er e nce a m o n g t h e f u e l s t e st e d. S i m i l a r t r e n d s w ere o b se r v e d f or l i g ht l o ad e q u al e n e rg y i n p u t t e st s.

Fi g

2.5

s h ow s

co mp a ri so n

of

i nd i ca t ed

sp e ci f i c f u el co n s u m pt i o n , i n di c at e d t h er m al

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International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology- Volume2Issue3- 2011

ef f i c i e n c y , an d e xh a u st g a s t e m pe r at ur e a s a f u n ct i o n f u e l [ 7] . Sunflower oil(full load) Peanut oil(full load) Sunflower oil (medium load) Peanut oil(medium load) Sunflower oil(light load) 0 50 100 Peanut oil(light load) of e n er g y input for c ru d e and d e g um m e d c r u d e s o y a b e a n o i l a n d di e se l 800 700 600 500 400 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 300 200 100 0 0 50 100 Sunflower oil(full load) Peanut oil(full load) Sunflower oil (medium load) Peanut oil(medium load) Sunflower oil(light load) Peanut oil(light load)

Fi g. 2 . 3 Ex ha u st Te mp e ra tu re ( C ) ve r s e s P e r cen t a ge of V eg e ta bl e Oi l [ 6] 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 60 90 120 150 180 210 Soyabean oil diesel

Fi g. 2 . 1 Eff e c t on M a ss Fl ow Ra t e( k g/ h) w i th Ch ang e i n P e rc ent a g e o f V e g et ab l e O i l [ 6] Sunflower oil(full load) Peanut oil(full load) Sunflower oil (medium load) Peanut oil(medium load) Sunflower oil(light load) Peanut oil(light load)

24 21 18 15 12 9 6 3 0 0 50 100

30 28 26 24 22 20 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 60 80 90 120 150 180 190

Degumme d curde soybean oil Curde Soyabean oil diesel

Fi g 2. 2 V a ri a ti on s i n I ndi c a t ed Pow e r ( Kw ) a t Equ al En e rg y I npu t [6 ]

Fi g. 2 . 4 M a s s Fu e l Fl ow R at e s ( kg/ h ) a nd Eng i ne Pow e r Outpu t( k w ) a t P a rt Lo a d [ 2, 7 ]

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International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology- Volume2Issue3- 2011

240 220 200 180 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 60 80 90 120 150 180 190 [1] karurkar,r.s., 2001 combustion and performance characteristics of diesel engine with karanj oil M.Tech dissertation, department of mechanical engineering,IIT Bombay. [2] Scholl, K.W S.C., 1993, combustion of soyabean oil methyl ester in a direct injection diesel engine, SAE 930934. [3] Stewart G.A 1981: oilseed as a renewable source of diesel fuel,CSIRO,search 12(5),107-115 [4] Suryawanshi J.G(2004): experimental investigation on jetropha oil methyl ester fuelled diesel engine; ASME(ICEF) paper 866. [5] Warabi Y.(2004): biodiesel fuel from vegetable oil by various supercritical alcohols113-116. 700 600 500 400 300 200 60 80 90 120 150 180 190 curde soybean oil [6] Barsic, N.J A.L., 1981, performance and emissions characteristics of a naturally aspirated diesel engine with vegetable oil fuels SAE 810262. [7] Barsic, N.J A.L., 1981, performance and emissions characteristics of a naturally aspirated diesel engine with vegetable oil fuels (part -2) SAE 810955. [8] suda,K.J., 1984, vegetable oil or diesel fuel- A flexible option, SAE 840004. Degumme d curde soybean oil Curde Soyabean oil # 2diesel

ACKNOWLEDGMENT I wish to wishes to acknowledge Michael Shell and other contributors for developing and maintaining the IEEE LaTeX style files which have been used in the preparation of this template

REFERENCES

52 48 44 40 60 80 90 120 150 180 190

curde soybean oil

Fi g. 2 . 5

I nd i cate d a nd

Spec i fi c Ind i cate d Ex hau st

Fuel Th erma l Gas

Cons ump ti on (kg / h), Effi ci e ncy ( %) ,

Te mpe ra ture( C) at Pa rt L oad [2 , 7]

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