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:

 ! # $

(       ):

#   #
 & .I

. a R  [ a; +[   
f 
" lim f = + "

" lim f ( x ) = + " : !  " +


 x   +
  f ( x ) 
x +

lim f ( x ) = lim f ( x ) =

x +

lim f ( x ) = + : * )('


 ' +( , +

:
 


lim x = 
n lim x = 

n
n  lim x = +
x +

lim x 3 = +


= + 


lim x = 
. n lim x = + 

lim x 2 = +

x +

x +

lim x 2

lim x = +

x +

#   #
 .II

22 l  a R  [ a; +[   


f 
" lim f = l "

" lim f ( x ) = l " : !  " +


 x   l
  f ( x ) 

x +

22 l  b R  ];b]   


f 
" lim f = l "

" lim f ( x ) = l " : !  "


 x   l
  f ( x ) 
x

:
 
n 

1
=0
x x n
lim

n 

1
=0
x + x n
lim

1
= 0
x x
lim

1
= 0+
x + x
lim

22 l   f 
: *
.  ' 7 (  . )+ . l ' *,2 f 

lim ( f ( x ) l ) = 0 9 lim f ( x ) = l

x +

x +

lim ( f ( x ) l ) = 0 9 lim f ( x ) = l

!+
,  -
.  #   # .III
!+
,   #
 .1
 +  ]a ; a + [ *) 

f :( 22  a l   f 
" lim f = l "
a

]a ; a + [ {a} *);
+

" lim f ( x ) = l " : !  " a
 x   l
  f ( x ) 
x a
* .2
22  a l   f 
.  ' 7  a . l ' *,2 f 


 
:

:
 
n 

lim x n = 0
x 0

lim x 3 = 0
x 0

lim x 2 = 0
x 0

lim x = 0
x 0

!+
,   #
 & .3
. a R   f 
" lim f = + "
a

" lim f ( x ) = + " : !  " a


 x   +
  f ( x ) 

x a

!+
,  5 3  #   3  #.IV
22  a l   f 
" lim f ( x ) = l "
x a
xa

" lim+ f ( x ) = l " : !  " +


a
 x   l
  f ( x ) 

x a

" lim+ f ( x ) = + " : !  " +


a
 x (   
 . )
;+
  f ( x ) 
x a

lim f ( x ) = lim f ( x ) = . " )


;lim f ( x ) = + "

x a+

x a
xa

x a
xa

!+
, 5 3  # + !67# 9

:
 
lim
x 0
x 0

1
= +
x
lim
x 0
x 0

1
=
xn

lim x = 0
x 0
x 0

n  lim
x 0
x 0

,  = n 

1
= +
xn

lim
x 0
x 0

1
=
x 0 x
x 0

lim

1
= +
xn

1
= +
x 0 x
x 0

lim

, = . n 

22  a l   f  :#$


lim f ( x ) = lim f ( x ) = l 9 lim+ f ( x ) = l
x a
xa

xa
x a

x a

# 3 9 .V
 ?+
:B
2,  + 7@ , 22 l l + ?.22 a .   * .

::   # .1
lim f ( x )

lim g ( x )

x a

x a

lim ( f + g )( x ) l + l + + : = *

x a

:  <# .2
lim f ( x )

lim g ( x )

l  0 l 0 l  0 l 0 + +

x a

+ +

+ +

x a

lim ( fg )( x ) l . l
x a

: = *

:+   # .3


 
:

lim g ( x )

x a

l R +

1
lim ( x )
x a
g

1
l

0+

:  ?# .4

l0

+
l0

+
l0

l0

0+

0+

lim f ( x )

lim g ( x )

l 0

l0

f
lim ( x )
x a
g

l
l

x a

l0

l0

l0
x a

: = *

A
  .5
 ,E '  .
 +
 x '     

C
  .6
.  ,E ' ' G .
 +
 x '  @   

C.
  .7
:*
x [ a; +[ f ( x ) 0 :( [ a; +[ *)   

f 
.  ,E ' ' G .
 +
 x '  @   

f ( x ) = l l 0 lim f ( x ) = l 

f ( x ) = + l 0 lim f ( x ) = + 

lim
x +

lim
x +

x +

x +

 
?+
a
 a

 x  :B
2, BG 7@

: HI

  
  .8
:*


lim cos x = cos a 

a R lim
x 0

sin ax
=1
ax

lim
x 0

tan x
=1
x

lim
x 0

1 cos x 1
=
x2
2

lim
x 0

sin x
=1
x

 lim sin x = 0  a R lim tanaxax = 1

k Z a + k lim tan x = tan a  lim tan x = 0 


a R lim sin x = sin a
2
x a

lim cos x = 1
x 0

x 0

x 0

x a

x 0

x a






 
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