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freezing conditions
musty odors
maintenance issues
Humidity Removal
Humidity
I
When plotted on a psychometric chart, the extension of the line joining the air entering and leaving conditions MUST intersect the saturation line. This intersection is known as T the Average Coil Surface Temperature( ), s Apparatus Dew Point or Coil Dew Point.
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Entering condition
Ts
Leaving condition
Dehumidifying
Cooling
Higher OA Humidity
6 Tons
80F OAWB
4 2 40 28.3
75F OAWB 70F OAWB 45 50 55 60 65 Room Relative Humidity (%) 22.0 16.5 13.5 Reheat Capacity Required (MBH)
R.A. T
Conditioned Space
The HVAC system is expected to pull triple duty: ventilation, humidity and temperature control
DOAS
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DOAS CONCEPT
O.A.
DOAS
Dedicated Outdoor Air System
R.A. T
Conditioned Space
STCS
Space Temperature Control System
DOAS
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CAUTION The outdoor ventilation air must be cooled to a condition below the room dew point in order to control the humidity in the room. Besides neutralizing the room latent load it will also make a contribution to offset the room sensible load.
If the sensible contribution of the DOAS to the room sensible cooling capacity is higher than the minimum room sensible load the ventilation air must be reheated to avoid overcooling the space.
DOAS
Example
Room condition: 75F/55%RH
/71gr/lb
155
Humidity ratio of supply ventilation air to offset the guest room latent load:
G =
= 8 gr/lb
30 x 0.69
Humidity ratio of incoming O.A. = 71 8 = 63 gr/lb Approx. coil leaving DB/WB: 55.0F/54.7F
Contribution of the DOAS ventilation air to the room sensible cooling requirements (neglecting supply and fan heat gains):
Filters
Reheat coil
CONVENTIONAL REHEAT
DOAS
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Ventilation Air
Operating Cost
Consider
HEAT RECOVERY
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DOAS c/ Reheat
Panama, Panama:
T
Cooling Coil
10,000 CFM 83.6 Tons
Reheat Coil
189 MBH
To Guest rooms
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h=45.5BTU/lb
Panama, Panama
h=41.3BTU/lb
4.2BTU/lb
O.A.
156
Humidity Ratio
Cooling Coil
h=27.4BTU/lb h=23.2BTU/lb
18.1BTU/lb
4.2BTU/lb
65 Reheat Coil
55
86
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Heat Recovery
Panama, Panama 189.0MBH 814.5MBH 189.0MBH
78.1oFBS 77.8oFWB
55.0oFBS 55.0oFWB
Pump-Around
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Outdoor Air
To rooms
Cooling coil Fan
U Shape Arrangement
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EXHAUST
Fan
E.A.
O.A.
Fan
TO SPACE
Total H.R.wheel
Cooling coil
Sensible H.R.wheel
DOAS
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Dedicated Systems / DOAS Overcools as above, with larger coil and refrigeration capacity, often reheats to achieve comfortable conditions
Solid Desiccant
Extracts humidity through chemical absorption and heat, requires post-cooling of overheated air
Historical Perspective
The DuCool system operates on the principle of chemical absorption of water vapor from the air and uses a desiccant solution of water and Lithium Chloride salt. This solution is highly stable, non-toxic, not vaporizing and not degraded by common airborne contaminants. The technologys developers have successfully registered it under globally recognized numerous patents. In another field of use (water production) the technology received awards such as The invention of the year by Times magazine and the Silver medallion in technology by the Wall Street Journal. . Rebranded in 2010 to Advantix Systems and moved HQ to Miami
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Liquid Desiccant
Temperature and Humidity
Renewable/waste energy
Temperature
Electric energy
1.0 -1.3
0.3-0.8
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More efficient.
Our thermodynamic shortcut takes you directly to the Comfort Zone, cutting air conditioning workloads by half or more.
Comfort Zone
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Cost savings.
Energy costs (operating expenses)
Systems sized more efficiently by handling more latent cooling than conventional units Smaller capacity compressor, heat exchanger, etc. reduces equipment cost Zero-down, shared energy savings payment option
Maintenance costs
Eliminates intensive maintenance - no air filters, evaporator coil, pans, condensate removal systems)
Better performance.
Improved comfort Humidity control Indoor air quality
Reduces mold / mildew damage to buildings and furnishings Protects sensitive processes and equipment Enables more fresh air intake Disinfectants air Captures allergens and particulates Reduces odors Improves surface drying (e.g., floors, counters); reduces exposure to slip & falls
Safety
DuCools Technology
Process Section Air Treatment Section Regeneration Section Moisture Removal Section Common Sump - Contains the LiCl desiccant solution Middle (Pumps) Section Mechanism Section Controller Automatic control of the unit operation
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Powered by
Energy Savings
30 50% 40 60%
DT DH DB
50 80%
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For treating greater air volume, 2 (or more) units will be installed
or connected in parallel. For deeper dehumidification, 2 units will be connected in series. DuCool Product Families
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Pre Heating Hx
Liquid Gateway
Post Cooling / Reheat Hx
Pre Cooling Hx
Hx - Regenerations
Inlet Process Fan Accumulator Solution Pump - Regeneration Solution Pump - Process Compressor Hx - Process Main Electrical Cabinet
How it works
Desiccant T = 15F
Corrugated Material
Note: incoming air conditions based on ASHRAE humidity load design point for Washington DC
+
=
+
Utilization of Renewable Energy Operating
by the cheapest energy source available
DuCool Technology 34
Efficiency
Dehumidification
Environmental Protection
Thermodynamic advantage
Efficiency
Dehumidification
Environmental Protection
A
- 25 %
Fresh Air
86F , 60% RH
51.8C , 100% RH
Design
71.6C , 50% RH
IN OUT SHR
DuCool Overview All rights reserved 37and Proposition Value % Difference in Cooling capacity required Energy Saving
Efficiency Efficiency
Dehumidification Dehumidification
Comfort Zone
73 F , 80% RH
79 F , 57% RH
The ability to control Relative Humidity enables to increase temperature in the room and keep comfort conditions
In an application without reheat the only way to control RH is by decreasing the set point.
74 F , 25% RH
81 F, 20% RH
7.2F increase of the temp. set point can reduce energy All rights reserved consumption by more than 20% Energy Saving
38 DuCool Overview and Proposition Value
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Thermodynamic Advantage
Efficiency
Dehumidification
Environmental Protection
When the DuCool units are combined with a chiller system the humidity is absorbed by the DuCool units and the chillers leaving water temperature can be increased to 18 F.
50 F
42 F
= Chiller COP increase = 16.3 % % EER = 16.3%
An increase of 7.6C of chillers leaving water temperature All rights reserved increases the chillers C.O.P with approximately 10%-15% Energy Saving
39 39
DuCool Ltd. All rights reserved
A DuCool system is added to an existing HVAC rooftop. The result is increased comfort and a 30-35% reduction in energy consumption. A conventional HVAC system will create conditions of 68-70 F (20-21 C) and 60-65% R.H. With DuCool the conditions will be 77 F (25 C) & 45% R.H. which are perfect conditions according to all industry standards.
Note: Reduction in energy costs assumes installation in weather conditions similar to Miami Florida.
DT Unit Chiller
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Efficiency Efficiency
Dehumidification Dehumidification
131F to 194 F
14 F to 95F
Humidity is absorbed by the desiccant solution. Cold Water at Relatively low Hot Water temperature can be used enabling usage of various sources relatively high temperature can be used for cooling
All rights reserved Proposition Value 41 DuCool Overview and Energy Saving
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Dehumidification
Efficiency Efficiency
Dehumidification Dehumidification
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General Comparison
Standard A/C system - (yellow line) Cools the air to, and then along the dew point line with ~100% relative humidity. Then needs to heat the air back to reach the comfort zone. Desiccant Wheel ( White Line) Removing humidity but at the same time heating the air. Therefore requires additional energy to cool the air for reaching the comfort zone. DuCool System (Blue lines) Removes humidity and cool the air at the same time, reaching the comfort zone using considerably less energy then the other systems. Less Energy with Higher Efficiency for Cooling & Dehumidification
DuCool Technology 44
Efficiency Efficiency
Dehumidification Dehumidification
9.3 Btu/lb
Sensible load
Fresh Air
86F , 60% RH
3.87 Btu/lb
DuCool
52F , 100% RH
Design
71.6F , 50% RH
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Efficiency Efficiency
Dehumidification Dehumidification
89,000 Btu/Hr
A
Fresh Air
86 F , 60% RH
-80%
51.8 F , 100% RH
Design
71.6 F , 50% RH
DUCOOL
Latent Sensible Total Reheat kBtu/Hr KBtu/Hr KBtu/Hr KBtu/Hr electricity 215 0 215 10 kW 0 89 89 304
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-55%
215
205
420
Rule of thumb
DT800/6
DT1400/9 -65%
DT2400/9 -55%
DT3400/9 -45%
lb
Absolute
g > 20
-65%
g > 15
g > 10 g > 5 g < 2
-60%
-60% -50%
-60%
-60% -50%
-50%
-47% -40%
-42%
-40% -35%
Humidity
consult engineering
T (F)
Absolute Cooling
DT800/6
g > 20 g > 15 g > 10 19.8 21.6 23.4
DT1400/9
12.6 14.4 16.2
DT2400/9
10.8 12.6 14.4
DT3400/9
9 10.8 12.6
g > 5
g < 2
25.2
18
16.2
14.4
consult engineering
All rights reserved 47 Thumb Rule of
Maintenance
Performance Degradation
48
Range Minimum
80
40
19 21
40
3
12 17
EA
IEQ
ID
WE
Total
LEED Certified
LEED Silver
LEED Gold
LEED Platinum
Technology Advantages
Produce Cool Dry Air by controlling both humidity and temperature independently, while supplying high quality cool and dehumidified air in quantities that can satisfy industrial, commercial and residential application. Disinfect Air - A standard HVAC system recycles the indoor air. No fresh air is provided o the cooled area. In the event that fresh air is needed additional energy is required to overcome the increased heat load of the fresh air. Moisture removal occurs at dew point conditions leaving the cooling coil continuously wet which is a perfect bedding ground for the growth of bacteria, mold and mildew.
the DuCool process kills up to 94% of viruses and bacteria in a single air pass
through the unit. For multiple passes, common in most applications, higher percentages can be achieved.
DuCool Technology 52
Technology Advantages
Filter Air Process removes 77% of particulates over 5 microns in size, removing allergens such as pollen and dust from the air. Deodorize Air odors such as chlorine and other chemicals are removed. Reduced Capital Cost significantly lower in comparison to standard solutions for industrial and commercial applications. DuCools systems integrated with other
renewable energy components qualify for Federal tax credits, State grants and
utility company rebates.
Improve Human Comfort achieve optimal temperature and humidity zone. Surpass Indoor Air Quality Standards DuCool products successfully address IAQ (Indoor Air Quality) by helping meet ASHRAE (62.2), ARI (940-98) and OSHA (29 CFR 1926.800(k) (2) standards and regulations regarding fresh air requirements. Expandable and Scalable DuCool systems are modular and can be sized according the specific needs of the customer.
DuCool Technology
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Latent load
Sensible load