Date

6 BC

Event
Annunciation
Some time before Jesus' birth the angel Gabriel visited Mary and told her that she was going to have a very special baby.

Birth
6 BC Jesus was born in Bethlehem, Judea. According to the Gospels, Jesus was not the son of Joseph in the ordinary sense. He was miraculously conceived by Mary through God, without any human father. That is why Christians say that he was conceived by the Holy Ghost, born to the Virgin Mary.

Visited by the Magi

5 BC The Bible tells us how the Magi (wisemen/priests with supernatural powers from ancient Persia) from the East brought presents to the infant Christ. They seemed to know that something quite out of ordinary had happened.

Visit to the Temple as a Boy

7 AD According to the Gospels, at age 12 Jesus made a visit with his parents to Jerusalem during the feast of the Passover. St. Luke tells us how suddenly he disappeared and eventually his parents found him in the Temple where, to their great astonishment he was holding a serious conversation with learned men that were astonished by his wisdom.

Baptized
26 AD Jesus must have been around 30 years old when he met a man called John the Baptist, who had started a religious movement preparing for the coming of the Messiah, or saviour. Jesus was baptized by John in the River Jordan.

Messiah
26 AD After Jesus was Baptized by John the Baptist, he took part in John's religious movement and became convinced that it was himself whom God intended to be the Messiah.

The First Miracle

26 AD During the first part of his ministry Jesus made tours from his base at Capernaum in Galilee to the neighboring towns and villages, proving the authority of his mission by performing miraculous deeds. The Gospels describe various miracles, such as raising the dead, casting out devils,

healing the sick, calming the waves and winds by command, and other wonderful deeds.

Jesus Chooses the 12 Disciples

28 AD Jesus had chosen a little group of 12 disciples, or followers called apostles, to help him in his work. He began to give them special teaching and shared with them some of his own deepest religious experiences so that they could understand fully who he was.

The Last Supper

Jesus left Galilee and returned to Jerusalem. Soon, he realized that his teachings had aroused opposition. Worse still, he knew that one of his own disciples was turning against him. Jesus knew that the danger was great, 30 AD and he must prepare for the end. Thursday He gathered his 12 disciples together for a final meal, Known as the Last Supper, and explained to them that his death was necessary because it would establish a new covenant between God and man, and it would be the disciples' duty to spread Jesus' teachings after he had gone. He took bread and wine, blessed it and gave it to his disciples saying, "This is my body...this is my blood". Christians remember this when they celebrate Holy Communion.

Arrest and Trial

After the meal, Jesus and the disciples went to Mount of Olives, a hill on the east side of Jerusalem. That is the place where Judas Iscariot brought man to arrest Jesus. They took him to the Jewish leaders for trial. The High Priest asked Jesus, "Art thou the Christ, the Son of the Blessed, and Jesus replied, "I am". Consequently, he was sentenced to death. The sentence the Jewish leaders had passed could not be carried out until it had been approved by the Roman governor of Judea, Pontius Pilate. Pilate was uncertain what to do and after consulting the crowd he gave in and sentenced Jesus to be crucified (this was the Roman method of executing criminals by nailing them to a cross).

30 AD Friday

30 AD Friday

Crucifixion and Death Resurrection

30 AD Sunday

That evening (Friday) the dead body of Jesus was taken down from the cross and laid in a tomb, and a great stone was rolled across the entrance of the tomb. Early on the Sunday morning, Easter Sunday, a group of women disciples

went to the tomb and found the stone rolled back and the body gone. Soon after this discovery Jesus appeared to Mary Magdalene and to the disciples, and the news quickly spread that Jesus returned from the dead. Jesus' resurrection is a matter of great importance for Christians, for the Christian faith is based on the resurrection of Christ.

The Miracles of Jesus

1. Healing a leper, Matt. 8:2-3; Mark 1:40-42; Luke 5:12-13 2. Healing the centurion's servant, Matt. 8:5-13; Luke 7:1-10 3. Healing Peter's mother-in-law, Matt. 8:14-15; Mark 1:30-31; Luke 4:38-39 4. Calming the storm, Matt. 8:23-27; Mark 4:37-41; Luke 8:22-25 5. Healing the one/two Gadarenes, Matt. 8:28-34; Mark 5:1-13; Luke 8:27-33 6. Healing a paralyzed man, Matt. 9:2-7; Mark 2:3-12; Luke 5:1825 7. Raising Jairus' daughter from the dead, Matt. 9:18-25; Mark 5:22-42; Luke 8:41-56 8. Healing a woman with a hemorrhage, Matt. 9:20-22; Mark 5:25-29; Luke 8:43-48 9. Healing two blind men, Matt. 9:27-31 10. Healing a dumb man, Matt. 9:32-33 11. Healing a man with a withered hand, Matt. 12:10-13; Mark 3:1-5; Luke 6:6-10 12. Healing a blind and dumb man, Matt. 12:22; Luke 11:14 13. Feeding the 5,000, Matt. 14:15-21; Mark 6:35-44; Luke 9:12-17; john 6:5-13 14. Walking on the water, Matt. 14:25; Mark 6:48-51; John 6:19-21 15. Healing the Canaanite woman's daughter, Matt. 15:21-28, Mark 7:24-30 16. Feeding the 4,000, Matt. 15:32-38; Mark 8:1-9 17. Healing a boy with epilepsy, Matt. 17:14-18; Mark 9:1729; Luke 9:38-43 18. Finding of the coin in the fish's mouth, Matt. 17:24-27 19. Healing of Bartimaeus and, Matt. 20:29-34; Mark 10:4652; Luke 18:35-43 20. The withered fig tree, Matt. 21:18-22; Mark 11:20-26 21. Healing a possessed man, Mark 1:23-26 22. Raising the widow of Nain's son from the dead, Luke 7:1115

23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51. 52. 53. 54. 55. 56. 57. 58. 59. 60. 61. 62. 63. 64. 65.

Healing a deaf and dumb man, Mark 7:31-37 Healing the blind man at Bethsaida, Mark 8:22-26 The catch of fish, Luke 5:1-11 Healing the woman bent double, Luke 13:11-13 Healing a man with dropsy, Luke 14:1-4 Healing the ten lepers, Luke 17:11-19 Healing Malchus' ear, Luke 22:50-51 Turning water to wine, John 2:1-11 Healing the official's son at Capernaum, John 4:46-54 Healing the man at the pool of Bethesda, John 5:1-9 The boat immediately reaching shore, John 6:21 Healing the man born blind, John 9 Raising Lazarus from the dead, John 11:1-44 A catch of fish, John 21:1-11

The Names of Jesus

THE NAMES OF JESUS -NAMES, APPELLATIONS, AND TITLES OF .Adam .Advocate .Almighty .Alpha and Omega .Amen .Angel .Angel of his presence .Anointed .Apostle .Arm of the Lord .Author and Finisher of our faith .Beginning and end of the creation of God .Beloved .Blessed and only Potentate .Branch .Bread of life .Bridegroom .Bright and Morning Star .Brightness of the Father's glory .Captain of the Lord's host (army) .Captain of Salvation .Carpenter .Carpenter's son .Chief Shepherd .Chief Cornerstone .Chiefest among ten thousand

66. 67. 68. 69. 70. 71. 72. 73. 74. 75. 76. 77. 78. 79. 80. 81. 82. 83. 84. 85. 86. 87. 88. 89. 90. 91. 92. 93. 94. 95. 96. 97. 98. 99. 100. 101. 102. 103. 104. 105. 106. 107. 108. 109.

.Child .Chosen of God .Christ .The Christ (Messiah) .Christ, a King .Christ Jesus .Christ Jesus our Lord .Christ of God .Christ, the chosen of God .Christ the Lord .Christ, the power of God .Christ the wisdom of God .Christ, the Son of God .Christ, Son of the Blessed .Commander .Consolation of Israel .Cornerstone .Counselor .Covenant of the people .David .Daysman .Dayspring .Day Star .Deliverer .Desire of all nations .Door, the .Elect .Emmanuel .Ensign .Eternal Life .Everlasting Father .Faithful and True .Faithful Witness, the .Faithful and true witness, the .Finisher of faith .First and last .First begotten .First begotten of the dead .Firstborn .Foundation .Fountain .Forerunner .Friend of sinners .Gift of God

110. 111. 112. 113. 114. 115. 116. 117. 118. 119. 120. 121. 122. 123. 124. 125. 126. 127. 128. 129. 130. 131. 132. 133. 134. 135. 136. 137. 138. 139. 140. 141. 142. 143. 144. 145. 146. 147. 148. 149. 150. 151. 152. 153.

.Glory of Israel .God (deity) .God blessed forever .God manifest in the flesh .God of Israel, the Saviour .God of the whole earth .God our Saviour .God's dear Son .God with us .Good Master .Governor .Great Shepherd of the sheep .Head of the ekklesia (body) .Heir of all things .High priest .Head of every man .Head of the corner .Holy child Jesus .Holy one .Holy one of God .Holy one of Israel .Holy thing .Hope (our) .Horn of salvation .I AM .Image of God .Israel .Jehovah .Jehovah's fellow .Jesus .Jesus Christ .Jesus Christ our Lord .Jesus Christ our Saviour .Jesus of Nazareth .Jesus (of Nazareth), King of the Jews .Jesus, the Son of God .Jesus, the Son of Joseph .Judge .Just man, Just person, Just One .King .King of Israel .King of the Jews .King of Saints .King of Kings

154. 155. 156. 157. 158. 159. 160. 161. 162. 163. 164. 165. 166. 167. 168. 169. 170. 171. 172. 173. 174. 175. 176. 177. 178. 179. 180. 181. 182. 183. 184. 185. 186. 187. 188. 189. 190. 191. 192. 193. 194. 195. 196. 197.

.King of Glory .King of Zion .King over all the earth .Lamb .Lamb of God .Lawgiver .Leader .Life .Light .Light, everlasting .Light of the world .Light to the Gentiles .Light, true .Living Bread, the .Living Stone .Lion of the tribe of Judah .Lord .Lord of Lords .Lord of all .Lord our righteousness .Lord God Almighty .Lord from heaven .Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ .Lord Christ .Lord Jesus .Lord Jesus Christ .Lord Jesus Christ our Saviour .Lord of glory .Lord of Hosts (armies) .Lord, mighty in battle .Lord of the dead and living .Lord of the sabbath .Lord over all .Lord's Christ .Lord, strong and mighty .Lord, the, our righteousness .Lord, your holy one .Lord, your redeemer .Man Christ Jesus .Man of sorrows .Master .Mediator, the only .Cf .Messenger of the covenant

198. .Messiah 199. .Messiah the Prince 200. .Mighty God 201. .Mighty one of Israel 202. .Mighty one of Jacob 203. .Mighty to save 204. .Minister of the sanctuary 205. .Morning Star 206. .Most holy 207. .Most mighty 208. .Nazarene 209. .Offspring of David 210. .Only begotten (Greek monogenes: one and only, unique) 211. .Only begotten (Greek monogenes: one and only, unique) of the Father 212. .Only begotten (Greek monogenes: one and only, unique) Son (the best mss. have "God" instead of "Son" here) 213. .Only wise God, our Saviour 214. .Overseer 215. .Passover, our 216. .Plant of renown 217. .Potentate 218. .Power of God 219. .Physician 220. .Precious Cornerstone 221. .Priest 222. .Prince 223. .Prince of Life 224. .Prince of Peace 225. .Prince of the kings of the earth 226. .Prophet 227. .Propitiation (expiation, our Sin-offering) 228. .Rabbi, Rabboni 229. .Ransom 230. .Redeemer 231. .Resurrection and the Life, the 232. .Redemption 233. .Righteous Branch 234. .Righteous Judge 235. .Righteous Servant 236. .Righteousness 237. .Rock 238. .Rock of Offence 239. .Root of David

240. 241. 242. 243. 244. 245. 246. 247. 248. 249. 250. 251. 252. 253. 254. 255. 256. 257. 258. 259. 260. 261. 262. 263. 264. 265. 266. 267. 268. 269. 270. 271. 272. 273. 274. 275. 276. 277. 278. 279. 280. 281. 282. 283.

.Root of Jesse .Rose of Sharon .Ruler in Israel .Salvation .Sanctification .Sanctuary .Saviour .Saviour, Jesus Christ .Saviour of the body (ekklesia) .Saviour of the world .Sceptre .Second Man, the .Seed of David .Seed of the woman .Servant .Servant of rulers .Shepherd .Shepherd and Overseer of souls .Shepherd, Chief .Shepherd, Good .Shepherd, Great .Shepherd of Israel .Shiloh .Son of the Father .Son of God .See JESUS, SON OF GOD .Son of Man .See JESUS, SON OF MAN .Son of the Blessed One (God) .Son of the Highest One (God) .Son of David .Star .Sun of Righteousness .Surety (Guarantee) .Stone .Stone of Stumbling .Sure Foundation .Teacher .True God .True Vine .Truth .Unspeakable Gift .Very Christ .Vine, the

284. .Way, the 285. .Which is, which was, which is to come (equivalent to the tetragrammaton (YHWH), the Eternal One, I AM THAT I AM 286. .Wisdom 287. .Wisdom of God, the 288. .Witness 289. .Wonderful 290. .Word 291. .Word of God 292. .Word of Life 293.

An Outline of The Life of Jesus in Harmony

295.

"I marvel that whereas the ambitious dreams of myself, Caesar, and Alexander should have vanished into thin air, a Judean peasant - Jesus should be able to stretch his hands across the centuries and control the destinies of men and nations." - Napoleon I Bonaparte (1809)

294.

296. 297. 298. 299. 300. 301. 302. 303. 304.

The Birth of John the Baptist Jerusalem

Gabriel Announces John's Birth (Lk 1:5-25)

The History of the Birth of Jesus Nazareth

Gabriel Announces to Mary (Lk 1:26-38). Mary's Visits Elizabeth (Lk 1:39-56). An Angel Comes to Joseph (Mat 1:18-25).

The Genealogy of Jesus (Mat 1:1-17; Lk 3:23-38).

305. Bethlehem 306. The Decree of Augustus Caesar and the Birth of Christ (Lk 2:1-7). 307. 308. The First Visitors - Shepherds (Lk 2:8-20). 309. The Second Visitors - Magi (Mat 2:1-12). 310. Jerusalem 311. Jesus is Circumcised and Presented in the Temple (Lk 2:21-38). 312. 313. 314.

Egypt

Out of Egypt (Mat 2:13-23).

Nazareth

315. 316. 317. 318. 319.

Jesus' Early Years Jerusalem

The Boy Jesus at the Temple (Lk 2:41-52).

320. 321. Jesus is baptized in the Jordan (Mat 3:13-17; Mk 1:9-11; Lk 3:21-23). 322. 323. 13; 324. 325. 326. 327. 328. 329. The Temptation in the Wilderness (Mat 4:1-11; Mk 1:12, Lk 4:1-13). The Eternal Word (Jn 1:1-18). The Testimony of John (Jn 1:19-34). The First Disciples (Jn 1:35-51).

The Beginning of His Ministry The Jordan The Wilderness

Cana

Turning Water to Wine (Jn 2:1-12).

330. 331. 332.

Jesus Visits Jerusalem The First Passover Jerusalem

333. 334. 335. 336.

A House of Merchandise (Jn 2:13-25). Unless One is Born Again (Jn 3:1-21). Jesus Baptizes (Jn 3:22, with 4:2).

337. Galilee 338. He Departed Again to Galilee (Mat 4:12; Mk 1:14; Lk 4:14; Jn 4:1-3). 339. 340. 341.

Samaria

The Woman at the Well (Jn 4:4-42).

342. 343. He Taught in Their Synagogues (Mt4:17; Mk1:14,15; Lk4:14,15; Jn4:43-45). 344. 345. 346.

Jesus' Ministry in Galilee Galilee Nazareth

A Certain Nobleman (Jn 4:46-54) Physician, Heal Yourself! (Mat 4:13-16; Lk 4:16-31).

347. Sea of Galilee 348. Peter, Andrew, James, and John (Mat 4:18-22; Mk 1:1620; Lk 5:1-11). 349. Galilee 350. And Jesus Went About All Galilee . . Teaching (Mat 4:2325; Mk 1:35-39, Lk 4:42-44). 351. A Man With an Unclean Spirit (Mk 1:21-28; Lk 4:31-37). 352. Capernaum 353. Simon's Wife's Mother Lay Sick (Mat 8:14-17; Mk 1:29-34; Lk 4:38-41). 354. Then a Leper Came to Him (Mat 8:2-4; Mk 1:40-45; Lk 5:12- 16).

355. They Brought to Him a Paralytic (Mat 9:2-8; Mk 2:1-12; Lk 5:17-26). 356. Capernaum 357. Matthew the Tax Collector (Mat 9:9; Mk 2:13, 14; Lk 5:27, 28). 358. 359. 360. Healing at the Pool of Bethesda on the Sabbath day (Jn 5:1-47). 361. 362. Healing in the Synagogue on the Sabbath day (Mat 12:914; Mk 3:1-6, Lk 6:6-11). 363. And in His Name Gentiles Will Trust (Mat 12:15-21; Mk 3:7-12) 364. Then He Appointed Twelve (Mat 10:2-4; Mk 3:13-19; Lk 6: 12-19). 365. The Sermon on the Mount (Mat 5-7; Lk 6:20-49). 366. A Certain Centurion's Servant (Mat 8:5-13; Lk 7:1-10). 367. 368.

The Second Passover Jerusalem

Nain
Raises the Dead Son at Nain (Lk 7:11-17).

369. 370. 371.

Are You the Coming One? (Mat 11:2-19; Lk 7:18-35). My Yoke is Easy and My Burden is Light (Mat 11:20-30).

372. Capernaum 373. The Woman With the Alabaster Flask (Lk 7:36-50). 374. Mary Called Magdalene (Lk 8:1-3). 375. The Blasphemy of the Holy Spirit (Mat 12:22-37; Mk 3: 1930; Lk 11:14-20). 376. Teacher, We Want to See a Sign From You (Mat 12:38-45; Lk 11:16-36).

377. Woe to You, Scribes and Pharisees, Hypocrites (Lk 11:3754). 378. He Began to Say to His Disciples (Lk 12:1-59). 379. Parable of the Fig Tree (Lk 13:6-9). 380. Parable of the Sower (Mat 13:1-23; Mk 4:1-25; Lk 8:4-18). 381. Many Such Parables (Mat 13:24-53; Mk 4:26-34). 382. Sea of Galilee 383. Jesus Rebukes the Storm (Mat 8:18-27; Mk 4:35-41; Lk 8:22-25).

384. 385. The Herd of Many Swine (Mat 8:28-33; Mk 5:1-21; Lk 8:26-40). 386. Nazareth 387. He Came Again to His Own City (Mat 9:1; Mk 5:21 Lk 8:40). 388. The Parable of the Wineskins (Mat 9:10-17; Mk 2:15-22; Lk 5:29-39). 389. Jairus' Daughter and the Woman With the Flow of Blood (Mat 9:18-26; Mk 5:22-43; Lk 8:41-56). 390. The Blind and the Mute (Mat 9:27-34). 391. A Prophet is Not Without Honor Except . . (Mat 13:53-58; Mk 6:1-6). 392. He Was Moved With Compassion For Them (Mat 9:35-38) 393. Sent His Disciples Out With Power and Authority (Mat 10; Mk 6:6-13, Lk 9:1-6). 394. Machaerus 395. John the Baptist is Beheaded (Mat 14:1, 2, 6-12, Mk 6:1416, 21-29; Lk 9:7-9).

396. Near Bethsaida 397. The Disciples Return, Feeding Five Thousand (Mat 14:1321; Mk 6:30-44; Lk 9:10-17, Jn 6:1-14). 398. Sea of Galilee 399. They Saw Him Walking on the Sea (Mat 14:22-36; Mk 6:45-56; Jn 6:15-21). 400. 401.

The Third Passover Jerusalem

402. I Am the Bread of Life (Jn 6:22-65). 403. Do you also want to go away? (Jn 6:66-71). 404. Unwashed Hands (Mat 15:1-20; Mk 7:1-23). 405. A Woman of Canaan (Mat 15:21-28; Mk 7:24-30). 406. Then Great Multitudes Came to Him (Mat 15:29-31, Mk 7:31-37). 407. Feeding Four Thousand (Mat 15:32-39; Mk 8:1-9). 408. Seeking From Him a Sign From Heaven (Mat 16:1-4; Mk 8:10-12).

409. 410. The Leaven of the Pharisees and Sadducees (Mat 16:4-12; Mk 8:13-21). 411. 412.

Bethsaida
Heals a Blind Man at Bethsaida (Mk 8:22-26).

413. Caesarea Philippi 414. He Must Go to Jerusalem and Be Killed (Mat 16:21-28; Mk 8:31-38; 9:1; Lk 9:21-27). 415. And He Was Transfigured (Mat 17:1-13; Mk 9:2-13; Lk 9:28-36). 416. And Jesus Rebuked the Demon (Mat 17:14-21; Mk 9:1429; Lk 9:37-43). 417. Speaks Again of His Death (Mat 17:22, 23; Mk 9:30-32; Lk 9:43-45). 418. Capernaum 419. Miracle of the Coin in the Fish's Mouth (Mat 17:24-27). 420. Which One is the Greatest? (Mat 18:1-35; Mk 9:33-50; Lk 9:46-50). 421. He Who is Not Against Us is On Our Side (Mk 9:38, 39; Lk 9:49, 50). 422. 423. 424. Set His Face to Go to Jerusalem (Lk 9:51-62; Jn 7:2-11). 425. The Lord Appointed Seventy Others (Lk 10:1-16). 426. The Ten Lepers (Lk 17:11-19). 427. Teaches in the Temple at the Feast of Tabernacles (Jn 7:14-53; 8:1-59). 428. The Parable of the Good Samaritan (Lk 10:25-37). 429. The Report of the Seventy (Lk 10:17-24). 430. 431. 432. 433. 434. 435. 436. 437. 438. 439. 440. 441. 442. 443.

The Feast of Tabernacles Jerusalem

Bethany

The House of Mary and Martha (Lk 10:38-42). Jesus Teaches His Disciples to Pray (Lk 11:1-13).

The Feast of Dedication Jerusalem Bethabara

I Was Blind, Now I See (Jn 9:1-41). My Sheep Hear My Voice (Jn 9:39-41; 10:1-21). They Picked Up Stones To Stone Him (Jn 10:22-39). Beyond the Jordan (Jn 10:40-42; 11:3-16).

Bethany
Jesus Raises Lazarus from the Dead (Jn 11:1-46).

Ephraim

The Declaration of Caiaphas (Jn 11:47-54).

444. Judea 445. The Woman Who Was Bent Over (Mat 19:1, 2; Mk 10:1; Lk 13:10-35). 446. Take the Lowest Seat (Lk 14:1-24). 447. Count the Cost (Lk 14:25-35). 448. More Parables, Prodigal Son (Lk 15:1-32; 16:1-13). 449. Exposes the Hypocrisy of the Pharisees (Lk 16:14-18). 450. The Rich Man and Lazarus (Lk 16:19-31). 451. Increase Our Faith (Lk 17:1-10). 452. Teaches the Pharisees About the Coming of the Kingdom (Lk 17:20-37).

453. 454. The Pharisee and the Tax Collector (Lk 18:1-14). 455. Marriage and Divorce (Mat 19:3-12; Mk 10:2-12). 456. Let the Little Children Come to Me (Mat 19:13-15; Mk 10:13-16; Lk 18:15-17). 457. Rich Young Ruler (Mat 19:16-22; Mk 10:17-22; Lk 18:1824). 458. The Parable of the Vineyard (Mat 20:1-16). 459. Again Foretelling His Death (Mat 20:17-19; Mk 10:32-34; Lk 18:31-34). 460. Can I Sit at Your Right Hand? (Mat 20:20-28; Mk 10:3545). 461. Jericho 462. Blind Bartimaeus (Mat 20:29-34; Mk 10:46-50; Lk 18:3543). 463. Zacchaeus who was a Chief Tax Collector (Lk 19:1-10).

464. 465. 466.

The Parable of the Minas (Lk 19:11-28).

Bethany

Mary Anoints the Feet of Jesus (Jn 12:1-9).

467. Jerusalem 468. Triumphal Entry into Jerusalem (Mat 21:1-11; Mk 11:1-11; Lk 19:29-44; Jn 12:12-19). 469. Jesus Enters the temple (Mat 21:12, Mk 11:11; Lk 19:45). 470. Drives the Vendors Out of the Temple (Mat 21:12, 13; Lk 19:45, 46). 471. The Blind and Lame Came to Him (Mat 21:14). 472. He Was Teaching Daily in the Temple (Lk 19:47, 48). 473. The Withered Fig Tree (Mat 21:17-22; Mk 11:12-14, 2022). 474. The Parable of the Two Sons (Mat 21:28-31); 475. The Parable of the Vinedressers (Mat 21:33-46; Mk 12:112; Lk 20:9-19);

476. 477. The Parable of the Great Supper (Mat 22:1-14; Lk 14:1624). 478. Tested By the Pharisees (Mat 22:15-22; Mk 12:13-17; Lk 20:20-26). 479. Tested By the Sadducees (Mat 22:23-33; Mk 12:18-27; Lk 20:27-40); 480. Tested By a Lawyer (Mat 22:34-40; Mk 12:28-34). 481. Beware of the Scribes and the Pharisees (Mat 23; Mk 12:38-40; Lk 20:45-47). 482. A Certain Poor Widow (Mk 12:41-44; Lk 21:1-4). 483. The Prophecy of Isaiah About their Blindness (Jn 12:3750). 484. Foretells the Destruction of the Temple and Jerusalem (Mat 24; Mk 13; Lk 21:5-36).

485. He Saw the City and Wept Over It, (Mat 23:37; Lk 19:4144). 486. The Parables of the Ten Virgins and The Talents (Mat 25:1-30). 487. The Sheep and the Goats (Mat 25:31-46). 488. Anointed with the Flask of Spikenard (Mat 26:6-13; Mk 14:3-9; Jn 12:1-8). 489. 490. 491. The Last Passover (Mat 26:17-30; Mk 14:12-25; Lk 22:720). 492. Began to Wash the Disciples' Feet (Jn 13:1-17). 493. The Hand of My Betrayer is With Me (Mat 26:23; Mk 14:18-21; Lk 22:21; Jn 13:18).

The Last Passover Jerusalem

494. 495. What You Do . . Do Quickly (Mat 26:21-25; Mk 14:18-21; Lk 22:21-23; Jn 13:21-30). 496. Teaches About the Holy Spirit (Jn 14; 15; 16). 497. Jesus' Intercession (Jn 17). 498. The Prayer in Gethsemane (Mat 26:30, 36-46; Mk 14:26, 32-42; Lk 22:39-46; Jn 18:1). 499. Betrayed and Taken (Mat 26:47-56; Mk 14:43-54, 66-72; Lk 22:47-53; Jn 18:2-12). 500. The Trial (Mat 26:57, 58, 69-75; Mk 14:53, 54, 66-72; Lk 22:54-62; Jn 18:13-18, 25-27).

501. 502. Delivered to Pilate (Mat 27:1, 2, 11-14; Mk 15:1-5; Lk 23:1-5; Jn 18:28-38). 503. He Sent Him to Herod (Lk 23:6-12). 504. Tried Before Pilate (Mat 27:15-26; Mk 15:6-15; Lk 23:1325; Jn 18:39, 40; 19:1-16).

505. 506.

Mocked by the Soldiers (Mat 27:27-31; Mk 15:16-20).

507. Crucifixion 508. Led Him Away to be Crucified (Mat 27:31-34; Mk 15:2023; Lk 23:26-32; Jn 19:16, 17).

509.

510. Crucified (Mat 27:35-56; Mk 15:24-41; Lk 23:33-49; Jn 19:18-30). 511. 512. Joseph of Arimathea (Mat 27:57-66; Mk 15:42-47; Lk 23:50-56; Jn 19:31-42). 513. The Resurrection 514. He is Risen (Mat 28:2-15, Mk 16:1-11 Lk 24:1-12; Jn 20:118). 515. Has Appeared to Simon (Lk 24:34; 1Cor 15:5). 516.
517.

Appears to Two Disciples on the Road to Emmaus (Mk 16:12, 13: Lk 24:13-35).

Road to Emmaus

518. Historical Time Chart 519. HISTORICAL TIME CHART (Biblical and Historical) 520. Note: Biblical dating follows that of several scholars in my Bibliography, esp. Whitcomb and Boyer. Some dates are uncertain. There is also some overlap, especially in the case of the judges and the kings. 521. B.C. 522. 2090 Abraham called by God 523. 2067 Isaac born 524. 2007 Jacob born 525. 1992 Abraham dies 526. 1944 Isaac dies 527. 1877 Jacob arrives in Egypt 528. 1860 Jacob dies in Egypt 529. 1806 loseph dies in Egypt 530. 1730 Hyksos invasion of Egypt; Hebrews bondage begins. 531. 1728 Hammurabi of Sumer born 532. 1570 Hyksos expelled from Egypt; Amose I founds 18th dynasty 533. 1548 Amenhotep I becomes pharaoh of Egypt 534. Hebrew midwives ordered to destroy all Hebrew male children 535. 1528 Thutmose I becomes pharaoh 536. All newborn Hebrew males are to be cast into the Nile 537. 1525 Moses born 538. 1510 Thutmose II becomes pharaoh 539. 1504 Hatshepsut becomes pharaoh 540. 1487 Moses pees Egypt 541. 1483 Thutmose III becomes pharaoh 542. The great oppression of the Hebrews begins

543. 1450 Amenhotep II becomes pharaoh 544. 1447 The Exodus begins 545. 1446 The Tabernacle constructed 546. 1423 Thutmose IV becomes pharaoh 547. 1410 Amenhotep III becomes pharaoh 548. 1407 Moses dies; Joshua conquers Canaan 549. 1400 Conquest of Canaan completed 550. 1377 Akhnaton becomes pharaoh; inaugurates monotheistic reforms 551. 1375 Othniel becomes judge 552. 1319 Ehud becomes judge 553. 1318 Rameses I founds the 19th dynasty in Egypt 554. 1240 Deborah and Barak judge Israel 555. 1194 Gideon becomes judge 556. 1167 Eli born 557. 1155 Abimelech usurps power in Israel 558. 1152 Tola becomes judge 559. 1131 Jair becomes judge 560. 1109 Eli becomes priest 561. 1105 Samuel born 562. 1089 Jephthah becomes judge 563. 1083 Ibzan becomes judge 564. 1071 Elon becomes judge 565. Samson becomes judge 566. 1069 Samuel begins to minister 567. 1066 Abdon becomes judge 568. 1043 Saul becomes king 569. 1011 Saul and Jonathan slain 570. David becomes king of Judah 571. 1004 David becomes king over all Israel 572. 971 Solomon ascends the throne 573. 966 Solomon begins to build the Temple in Jerusalem 574. 945 Sheshhonk ( Shishak) becomes pharaoh of Egypt 575. 931 Rehoboam becomes king of Israel and Judah 576. Jeroboam rebels; sets Up a rival kingdom in the north 577. 913 Abijam becomes king of Judah 578. 911 Asa becomes king of Judah 579. 910 Nadab becomes king of Israel 580. 909 Bausha becomes king of Israel 581. 890 Benhadad becomes king of Syria 582. 886 Elah becomes king of Israel 583. Zimri becomes king of Israel 584. 885 Tibni becomes king of Israel 585. 883 Ashurbanipal II becomes king of Assyria

586. 587. 588. 589. 590. 591. 592. 593. 594. 595. 596. 597. 598. 599. 600. 601. 602. 603. 604. 605. 606. 607. 608. 609. 610. 611. 612. 613. 614. 615. 616. 617. 618. 619. 620. 621. 622. 623. 624. 625. 626. ten 627. 628.

880 Omri becomes king of Israel 874 Ahab becomes king of Israel 873 Jehoshaphat becomes king of Judah 859 Shalmaneser III becomes king of Assyria 858 Elijah begins to prophesy 853 Ahaziah becomes king of Israel Jehoram becomes king of Judah 852 Joram becomes king of Israel Elisha begins to prophesy 841 Jehu becomes king of Israel Ahaziah becomes king of Judah Athaliah seizes the throne of Judah Hazael becomes king of Syria 835 Joash becomes king of Judah 830 Joel prophecies 814 Jehoahaz becomes king of Israel 801 Benhadad II becomes king of Syria 798 Jehoash becomes king of Israel 796 Amaziah becomes king of Judah 790 Uzziah becomes co-regent of Judah 783 Shalmaneser IV becomes king of Assyria 783 Jonah begins his ministry 782 Jeroboam II becomes king of Israel 776 Olympic games begin in Greece 767 Uzziah becomes full king of Judah 764 Amos begins to prophesy 755 Hosea begins to prophesy 753 Rome founded Zechariah becomes king of Israel 752 Shallum becomes king of Israel Menahem becomes king of Israel 745 Tiglath-pileser III becomes king of Assyria 742 Pekahiah becomes king of Israel 740 Pekah becomes king of Israel 739 Uzziah dies; Isaiah begins to prophesy Jotham becomes king of Judah 736 Micah begins to prophesy 735 Ahaz becomes king of Judah 732 Hoshea becomes king of Israel 727 Shalmaneser IV becomes king of Assyria 722 Sargon II becomes king of Assyria Samaria falls; the tribes go into captivity 715 Hezekiah becomes king of Judah 705 Sennacherib becomes king of Assyria

629. 701 Judah invaded by the Assyrians 630. 686 Manasseh becomes king of Judah 631. 681 Esarhaddon becomes king of Assyria 632. 669 Ashurbanipal becomes king of Assyria 633. 660 Zoroaster born 634. 648 Nahum predicts the fall of Nineveh 635. 642 Amon becomes king of Judah 636. 640 Josiah becomes king of Judah 637. 634 Zephaniah begins to prophesy 638. 627 Jeremiah begins to prophesy 639. 626 Nabopolasser becomes king of Babylon 640. 622 Revival in Judah 641. 619 Habakkuk begins to prophesy 642. 612 Nineveh falls 643. 609 Neco II becomes pharaoh of Egypt 644. Jehoahaz becomes king of Judah 645. Jehoiakim becomes king of Judah 646. 605 Nebuchadnezzar becomes king of Babylon 647. The Babylonians invade Judah Daniel begins to prophesy 648. 597 Jehoachin becomes king of Judah 649. Zedekiah becomes king of Judah 650. 593 Ezekiel begins to prophesy 651. 586 The Babylonians destroy Jerusalem and the Temple 652. The Jews deported to Babylon Gedaliah becomes governor of Jerusalem 653. The rabbis preempt the priests as the chief custodians of divine truth 654. 563 Buddhism founded by Siddhartha 655. 553 Belshazzar becomes regent in Babylon 656. 550 Cyrus becomes king of Persia 657. The temple of Artemis erected at Ephesus 658. 550 Confucius begins to teach 659. 539 Babylon falls to the Medes and Persians 660. Darius the Mede rules in Babylon 661. 538 Zerubbabel and Joshua lead a small party of Jewish repatriates back to Palestine 662. 536 The Temple started in Jerusalem 663. 530 Cambyses becomes king of Persia 664. 521 Smerdis becomes king of Persia 665. Darius I Hystapses becomes king of Persia 666. 520 Zechariah begins to prophesy 667. Haggai begins to prophesy 668. Construction of the Jerusalem Temple resumed 669. 516 The Temple completed

670. 509 The Roman Republic founded 671. 486 Xerxes becomes king of Persia 672. 484 Herodotus the historian born 673. 480 The Greeks defeat Xerxes at Salamis 674. 479 The Greeks defeat Xerxes at Thermopalye 675. 478 Esther becomes queen of Persia and later saves the Jews of the empire from extermination 676. 473 The Feast of Purim started 677. 469 Socrates born 678. 464 Artaxerxes Longimanus becomes king of Persia 679. 458 Ezra takes a small contingent of Jews back to Palestine 680. 447 The building of the Parthenon commenced 681. 445 Nehemiah takes a small contingent of Jews back to Palestine 682. 443 Nehemiah and Ezra read the Scriptures to the Jews and help them understand them; the first delicate roots of the Midrash begin to sprout; the Sopherim (Scribes) flourish 683. 436 Malachi begins to prophesy 684. 423 Darius II becomes king of Persia 685. 404 Artaxerxes II becomes king of Persia 686. 400 The Midrash begins to develop 687. 399 Socrates condemned to death 688. 359 Artaxerxes III becomes king of Persia 689. Philip becomes king of Macedonia 690. 342 Epicurius teaches his philosophy 691. 336 Darius III Codomannus becomes king of Persia 692. Alexander the Great becomes king of Greece 693. 335 Aristotle teaches at Athens 694. 333 The Battle of Issus fought; Alexander defeats the Persians 695. Alexander takes Egypt 696. 332 Alexander destroys Tyre 697. 331 Alexander seizes Babylon 698. 330 Darius III of Persia slain 699. 329 Alexander marries Roxana in a symbolic gesture of uniting East and West 700. 327 Alexander invades India 701. 323 Alexander claims to be the son of Zeus 702. Alexander dies 703. Alexander's empire divided between his four chief generals 704. Ptolemy I Soter takes Egypt 705. 320 Ptolemy I seizes Palestine

706. 311 Seleucus I Nicator takes Babylon 707. 300 Rome becomes a major world power in the western Mediterranean 708. Seleucus I adds Syria to his realm 709. 285 Ptolemy II Philadelphius becomes king of Egypt 710. Between 285 and 130 the Septuagint translated 711. 280 Antiochus I Soter becomes king of Syria 712. 276 The first Syro-Egyptian war begins 713. 275 Ptolemy of Egypt invades Syria 714. 274 Hinduism codified in India 715. 264 Rome's first Punic war against Carthage begins 716. 261 Antiochus II Theos (the God) becomes king of Syria 717. 260 The second Syro-Egyptian war begins 718. 252 Antiochus II marries Bernice, daughter of Ptolemy II 719. 250 The Parthian kingdom founded 720. 246 Seleucus II Callinicus becomes king of Syria 721. Ptolemy III Euergetes becomes king of Egypt 722. The third Syro-Egyptian war begins 723. 245 Ptolemy invades Syria 724. 240 Seleucus invades Egypt 725. 223 Antiochus III (the Great) becomes king of Syria 726. 221 Ptolemy IV Philopater becomes king of Egypt 727. The fourth Syro-Egyptian war begins 728. 219 Antiochus the Great invades Egypt 729. 218 Rome's second Punic war against Carthage begins 730. 217 Hannibal invades Italy Ptolemy IV invades Syria; Battle of Raphia 731. 215 Rome's first Macedonian war begins 732. 206 Rome drives Carthage out of Spain 733. 203 Ptolemy V ( Epiphanes ) becomes king of Egypt 734. 201 The fifth Syro-Egyptian war begins Carthage surrenders to Rome 735. 200 Rome's second Macedonian war begins 736. 200 The Mishna begins to appear among the Jews 737. 193 Ptolemy V marries Cleopatra, daughter of Antiochus III 738. 190 Antiochus III defeated by Romans at Magnesia 739. 187 Seleucus IV Philopator becomes king of Syria 740. 181 Ptolemy VI Philomater becomes king of Egypt 741. 175 Antiochus IV Epiphanes becomes king of Syria 742. 171 Ptolemy VII becomes co-regent of Egypt with Ptolemy VI 743. Rome's third Macedonian war begins

744. Mithridates I begins the conquest of Babylonia and Media, adding those countries to Elam, Persia, and Bactra to form the Parthian Empire 745. 169 Antiochus Epiphanes captures Jerusalem 746. 168 The Romans interfere in Antiochus's war with Egypt and prevent his capturing Alexandria 747. Antiochus pollutes the Temple in Jerusalem and suspends the sacrifices of the Jews 748. 166 Matthias leads the Jews in revolt against Antiochus Epiphanes 749. 165 The Jerusalem Temple repaired and cleansed 750. 164 Antiochus Epiphanes dies 751. 154 The Jews in Egypt build a temple at Leontopolis 752. 149 Rome's third Punic war against Carthage begins Rome's fourth Macedonian war begins 753. 146 The Romans destroy Carthage 754. 135 John Hyrcanus becomes high priest in Jerusalem 755. 133 Rome begins to expand her empire eastward 756. 130 The Pharisees begin to emerge as a sect 757. 124 Mithridates II (the Great) conquers Scythia, adds it to the Parthian Empire, and makes a treaty with Rome 758. 120 Hyrcanus repudiates the Pharisees and declares himself a Sadducee 759. 106 Cicero born 760. 88 Rome's first Mithridatic war begins 761. 83 Rome's second Mithridatic war begins 762. 74 Rome's third Mithridatic war begins 763. 64 Pompey captures Jerusalem; leaves the Maccabean high priest Hyrcanus in power with Antipater as civil adviser 764. 60 The first Triumvirate at Rome (Caesar, Crassus, and Pompey ) 765. 59 Julius Caesar becomes proconsul; Pompey marries Julia, daughter of Caesar 766. 58 Caesar conquers Gaul 767. 54 Caesar invades Britain 768. 49 Caesar crosses the Rubicon 769. 48 Pompey slain in Egypt 770. Caesar makes Cleopatra queen of Egypt 771. 44 Caesar becomes dictator of Rome for life 772. Caesar assassinated 773. 43 The second Triumvirate at Rome (Anthony, Lepidus, and Octavian ) 774. 40 Herod appointed king 775. 37 Herod captures Jerusalem

776. 31 Battle of Actium, Anthony slain, Octavian becomes master of the Roman world, the final triumph of Empire 777. 30 Egypt becomes a Roman province 778. 30 Shammai fourished 779. Hillel flourished 780. Philo of Alexandria fourished 781. 21 Octavian assumed the title of Augustus 782. 20 Herod begins to rebuild the Jerusalem Temple 783. 4 Herod dies 784. 4 THE BIRTH OF JESUS 785. A.D. 786. 14 Augustus dies 787. Tiberius becomes Roman emperor 788. 26 Jesus begins to teach; He characterizes rabbinic teaching (the Mishna) as "vain tradition' 789. 30 Jesus crucified and raised from the dead 790. Pentecost; the Christian church is born 791. 37 Caligula becomes Roman emperor 792. 40 Gentiles are added to the church with the conversion of Cornelius 793. 41 Claudius becomes Roman emperor 794. Antioch becomes the new center of church activity 795. 43 Theudas claims to be Messiah and is executed 796. 54 Nero becomes Roman emperor 797. 59 The apostle Paul is imprisoned at Caesarea 798. 60 Paul appears before Agrippa 799. 61 Paul a prisoner at Rome 800. 66 The Jews of Judea revolt against Rome 801. 68 Paul martyred at Rome 802. 69 Jerusalem beseiged by the Romans 803. Jochanan ben Zakkai seeks an audience with Vespasian 804. Vespasian becomes Roman emperor 805. 70 Jerusalem falls; the Temple burned; the Jews deported 806. 73 The last stand of the Jewish rebels at Masada 807. 79 Titus becomes Roman emperor 808. 81 Domitian becomes Roman emperor 809. 96 Nerva becomes Roman emperor 810. 98 Trajan becomes Roman emperor 811. 113 Rome goes to war with Parthia 812. 116 A further Jewish revolt against Rome is suppressed with great severity 813. 117 Hadrian becomes Roman emperor

814. 132 Bar Kochba claims to be Messiah and leads a revolt against Rome 815. Judea depopulated and the Jews denationalized by the Romans 816. 138 Antoninus Pius becomes Roman emperor 817. 150 Tertullian born

The Twelve Caesars Caesar

2. Augustus

Birth/Death

Reign
49-44 BC Dictator

1. Julius Caesar 102-44 BC

63 BC-14 AD 27 BC-14 AD Emperor 3. Tiberius 42 BC-37 AD 14-37 AD 4. Gaius Caligula 12-41 AD 37-41 AD 5. Claudius 10 BC-54 AD 41-54 AD 6. 7. 8. 9. Nero Galba Otho Vitellius 37-68 AD 3 BC-69 AD 32-69 AD 15-69 AD 9-79 AD 39-81 AD 51-96 AD 54-68 68-69 69-69 69-69 AD AD AD Emperor AD

10. Vespasian 11. Titus 12.Domitian 821.

69-79 AD 79-81 AD 81-96 AD

Dates for the Twelve Caesars based on J. Gavorse, ed., Suetonius: The Lives of the Twelve Caesars (New York, 1937).

822. Early History of Rome 823. Geography 824. - The Italian peninsula is a rocky, mountainous land. 825. - 600 miles long x 150 miles wide 826. - The Apennine Mountains are 850 miles long reaching from north to south 827. - The great harbors are located on the western and southern coasts 828. - Greece lies 50 miles to the east across the Adriatic Sea 829. - Africa is 100 miles from the west coast of Sicily 830.

3 Plains

831. - There are 3 plains on the western coast which were main areas of settlement for the invaders from Europe

832. - The Tuscan Plain in the north central, drained by the Po River is a fertile farming region 833. - Latium in the middle of the west coast, drained by the Tiber River was a trading center for merchants from the north and south 834. - The Campanian Plain, southwestern coast (where Naples is now) had Italy's best harbor 835.

The Latins

836. - It was in Latium that an Indo-European group, the Latins, (ancestors of the Romans) migrated 837. - Their first city Alba Longa, was built about 1000 BC. 838. - Their most important city, Rome, was founded in 753 BC by Romulus 839.

The Legend of Romulus and Remus

840. According to legend, the Greeks had laid siege to the city of Troy (near the coast of modern Turkey) and killed almost everyone. One Trojan prince named Aeneas, escaped by sea and sailed to Italy. He landed at Laurentum on the west coast of Italy. He formed an alliance with Latinus the king of the Latins and married his daughter Lavinia. Aeneas' son Ascanius founded a city called Alba Longa. He was the first of a long line of kings who ruled for about 400 years. When the last king was overthrown, his twin grandsons Romulus and Remus were left to die by the River Tiber. A wolf found them and looked after them. When the twins grew up they decided to set up a new city on the spot where they had been left to die. They held a sacred ceremony and Remus mocked it so Romulus killed his brother and named the city after his own name and became its first ruler. 841. - The followers of Romulus were shepherds, hunters, farmers, and merchants who lived in small huts scattered on the seven hills on which the city was built. 842. - The Latins were strongly influenced by the Greeks and the Etruscans 843. - The Etruscans, a hard and warlike people, settled in Tuscany (first civilized people in Italy) 844. - In Tuscany they built cities, developed law codes, established trade and were into art 845. - In the 8th century BC they controlled north and central Italy through a chain of city-states 846. - They also had colonies on Corsica and traded with the Carthaginians living in Sardinia

847. - In southern Italy and eastern Sicily were Greek colonists (centers of culture and commerce) 848. - They wanted to civilize (rather than conquer) the Latin tribes and teach them skills and fine craftsmanship of the East, the Greek alphabet, and Greek religion. 849. - There were also the Carthaginians (Sicily and Sardinia) who were commercial rivals of Rome that exercised control over many city-states. 850. - The Romans fought them in the Punic Wars for commercial and political control of the western Med. 851.

The Etruscans

852. - Little is known about where the Etruscans migrated from (Asia Minor or modern Turkey) 853. - The Etruscans were the first civilized people to settle in Italy and they greatly influenced the Romans. 854. - Extensive iron ore deposits near them in north central Italy they became very rich from trade. 855. - In the 6th cent. BC. they occupied and ruled Rome for 100 years. 856. - The Etruscan and Roman civilizations were put together from bits and pieces from Greece, Phoenicia, Israel, Egypt, and Persia. (They flourished from 800-400 BC.) 857.

Etruscan Religion

858. - The Etruscans were fanatically religious with a primitive theology. They offered many libations to their gods, examining entrails, or studying storms for omens. 859. - They are the reason the Romans became such a highly superstitious people always seeking good or evil omens in everyday happenings. 860. - They spent a great deal of time preparing for death (if properly cared for a man's spirit would live on. 861. - They built elaborate tombs (supplied them with wealth and articles necessary for life) including weapons, pots, jewelry, etc., scenes of earthly pleasures painted on the walls (like a man and wife sitting on a couch). 862. Etruscan Weapons and Armor 863. - Etruria also expanded because its armies were well trained and very disciplined. 864. - Because of their skill at working with metals they had weapons far superior to their opponents.

865. - The Romans adopted all their fighting techniques, weapons and armor designs of the Etruscans and conquered them in the 4th Cent. BC. 866.

Etruscan Elegance

867. - Etruscan Women were considered equal to their men. This was the same with Roman women. 868. - An Etruscan noblewoman, hair elegantly curled, rich clothing and much jewelry 869. - The Romans adopted their elegance and pleasure seeking qualities from the Etruscans. 870. - Reclining on couches at banquets (slaves serving fine food & drink), watching dancers, & entertainers 871. Brief Historical Background 872. JEWS UNDER ROMAN RULE 873. THE MACCABEAN REVOLT 874. The conquests of Alexander the Great led to the spread of the Greek culture and language across a wide area. The generals who succeeded Alexander, Ptolemy in Egypt and Seleucus in Syria, attempted to unite their subjects with policies which combined Greek and native ingredients. 875. The Seleucid ruler, Antiochus IV Epiphanes, provoked the Jews into a revolt by his radical attempt to promote Greek culture (a process often known as 'hellenization'). He did win the support of the aristocratic Jews, who were keen to be recognized as cultured 'Greeks'. The brother of the Jewish high priest changed his name from Jesus to the Greek Jason, and bribed Antiochus so that he could become the high priest. He scandalized other Jews by building a gymnasium where nude exercises went on within sight of the temple. Jason ended his life in exile in Sparta. 876. Antiochus forbade the observance of the Sabbath and the practice of circumcision, and forced the Jews to eat food they regarded as ceremonially unclean. When a mother and her seven sons refused to defile themselves by eating pork they were martyred. Sacred prostitution associated with the Syrian goddess was practiced in the temple precincts. In December 167 BC, a pig was sacrificed on an altar erected to the Greek god Zeus. This was taken to be 'The Awful Horror' prophesied Daniel 11:31 by Daniel. 877. Jewish opposition was led by a priest called Mattathias and his sons, the oldest of whom was Judas, called 'Maccabeus' (The Hammer). The Maccabean Revolt succeeded

in recapturing the temple in December 165. Jews today celebrate the holiday of Hanukkah, the 'Festival of Lights', to commemorate this event. 878. After Judas was killed in 161 BC, his brother Jonathan took over leadership. He was also appointed high priest in 153, the first of the long line of Hasmoneans (named after Simon, the last surviving brother of Judas) who were to control that post until 36 BC. This joining of political and religious leadership in the hands of one family was not welcomed by many of the devout Jews. 879. John Hyrcanus, a nephew of Judas and Jonathan, won political independence for the Jews in 129 BC. This lasted only to 63 BC when the Romans annexed Palestine. 880. THE ROMAN CONQUEST 881. The Roman leader Pompey was given unlimited powers in 66 BC to clear the Mediterranean of pirates, a task which he efficiently accomplished in three months. Almost as an afterthought he marched into Palestine, where two brothers were squabbling over the high priest's office. He sided with the older brother, Hyrcanus, against the ambitious Aristobulus. In 63 Pompey captured Jerusalem, and had the audacity to enter the Holy of Holies of the temple, which only the Jewish high priest entered once a year. The fact that he touched none of the temple treasures did little to lessen the indignation of the Jews. 882. Pompey also organized the Decapolis, a league of ten cities which were Greek colonies, and included Scythopolis (Bethshean) south of the Sea of Galilee, and nine others in Syria and Jordan, among them Damascus, Philadelphia (Amman), Pella, Gerasa and Gadara. 883. THE HERODS 884. The Idumaeans were a tribe who had been forced by the Nabatean Arabs westwards into southern Judea, where they had been forcibly converted to Judaism by the Hasmonean rulers of Palestine. The Idumaeans were for this reason Jews of a recent and suspect background. At the same time they were shrewd, and had no scruples about making political deals with the Romans for their own advantage. 885. ANTIPATER governed them from about 47 BC. He also served as an advisor to Hyrcanus, and gained the confidence of Pompey. When Julius Caesar was besieged in Alexandria in 48 BC it was Antipater who persuaded the Jews to aid Caesar. In gratitude Caesar gave the Jews important privileges.

886. Antipater's son, HEROD THE GREAT, was an opportunist of the highest order. During the tumultuous years of the Roman civil wars he skillfully shifted his allegiance from Pompey to Caesar to Antony to Octavian (Augustus). Because he was such an able soldier the Romans valued his services. He provided a strong buffer-state for Rome against the Nabatean Arabs to the south and the Parthians to the east. 887. Herod was appointed king of Judea by the Romans in 40 BC, and was supported by Roman soldiers in his fight to gain control of Judea in 37. From that time he relied on Gentile soldiers, including the Celtic bodyguard of Cleopatra which had been granted to him by Octavian. He transformed the ancient city of Samaria into Sebaste for his foreign mercenaries. He also built Palestine's first deep-water port of Caesarea. 888. Though successful in politics, Herod was bitterly unhappy in his private life. He married ten wives, including the beautiful Hasmonean princess, Mariamne. Though he loved her passionately, he suspected her of infidelity and had her executed. Later, in 7 BC, he had her two sons killed. When he found that his favorite son, Antipater, had been plotting against him, he had him executed- just five days before his own death in 4 BC. It was this paranoid monarch who ordered the massacre of the babies in Bethlehem after the birth of Jesus. 889. Our system of dating BC/AD was devised by a monk in the sixth century AD. However, he miscalculated the reign of the Emperor Augustus by four years. Jesus must have been born before Herod's death in 4 BC, a date which has been established by astronomical calculations. 890. Herod's kingdom was divided between his THREE SONS: 891. ARCHELAUS inherited Judea; 892. ANTIPAS was given Galilee and Perea (Transjordan); 893. PHILIP inherited largely Gentile areas east of the Sea of Galilee. 894. Philip's rule was just and relatively uneventful. It was in Philip's territory that Jesus was transfigured, on the slopes of Mount Hermon. At Caesarea Philippi, at the foot of Hermon, Peter declared that Jesus was the Christ. 895. Antipas, the tetrarch of Galilee and Perea, was called 'that fox' by Jesus because of his craftiness. He was denounced by John the Baptist for his adulterous relationship with Herodias, the former wife of his half-brother. After a seductive dance by her daughter, probably Salome, Antipas rashly promised her

whatever she asked. He reluctantly fulfilled her request by presenting John's head on a dish to Herodias. It was her nagging insistence which proved to be Antipas' undoing. When he asked to be upgraded from tetrarch to king in AD 39, he was instead banished with his wife to France. 896. Archelaus was 'a chip off his father's block'. As his first official act, he slaughtered 3,000 of his enemies. When Joseph and Mary returned from Egypt, they wisely avoided his territory and settled in Galilee. Archelaus' rule was so oppressive that Jews and Samaritans united in successfully requesting his deposition in AD 6. This paved the way for direct rule by Roman governors. 897. HEROD'S BUILDINGS 898. Herod was a prodigious builder, as recent archaeological excavations have shown His rebuilding of the temple in Jerusalem, begun in 19 BC, was admired by Jesus' disciples, according to Mark, chapter 13. Final work on the temple was completed just six years before it was destroyed by the Romans in AD 70. All that remains today is the great platform whose western side is the Wailing Wall, where Jews today still lament the destruction of the temple. 899. Spectacular remains have also been uncovered at the fortress of Masada on the western shore and of Machaerus on the eastern shore of the Dead Sea. Machaerus was the fortress where John the Baptist was imprisoned. Other splendid structures from Herod's time have been found at Jericho, where Herod died, and at Herodium, where he was buried. 900. THE ROMAN OCCUPATION (Procurators) 901. From 6 AD, except for the brief rule of Agrippa I (41-44 AD), until the outbreak of the First Jewish War in 66 AD, a series of fourteen Roman governors ruled Judea. 902. The governor of Judea, known as a 'praefect' or 'procurator', came from the Roman equestrian class, and was subordinate to the legate of Syria at Damascus. Judea was considered a minor province; its governor had at his disposal only a small force of about 3,000 auxiliary soldiers, mostly stationed at Caesarea. On festival occasions, such as the Jewish Passover, a cohort of about 500 soldiers would be stationed in the Fortress of Antonia in Jerusalem, overlooking the temple grounds. 903. Pontius Pilate governed from AD 26 to 36, under the Emperor Tiberius. He was a protg of the powerful Sejanus, head of the praetorian guard in Rome. Pilate outraged the

Jews by several tactless actions. For instance he used temple funds to build an aqueduct, and introduced military standards bearing the emperor's image into Jerusalem, which offended Jewish religious traditions. He met opposition with ruthless force. On the other hand, he yielded to Jewish pressures to have Jesus crucified as a royal pretender. This occurred either in 30, or as some writers have argued, in 33 after the fall of Sejanus, when Pilate's own position became insecure. 904. As his name Felix (Latin for 'fortunate') indicates, the governor of Judea from 52 to 60 AD was a freedman, or former slave. His brother Pallas was the secretary of the Roman treasury under the Emperor Claudius (41-54 AD). 905. The historian Tacitus says of him: 'With every sort of cruelty and lust he exercised royal functions in the spirit of a slave.' 906. It was his hope for a bribe which kept the apostle Paul imprisoned in Caesarea. When Festus (60-62) succeeded Felix as governor, Paul took advantage of his right as a Roman citizen to appeal direct to Caesar, who at that time was Nero. 907. THE ROMAN OCCUPATION THROUGH JEWISH EYES. 908. The greatest blow felt by the Jews was to their national pride. They believed that God had chosen them to be his special people. They looked forward to the day when the nations of the world would come to worship God in Jerusalem. Instead, the Romans and their puppet rulers desecrated their holy places, and insulted their laws and customs. 909. Herod the Great built a temple to Augustus in Caesarea. Inside it were statues of the emperor depicted as Zeus and Rome personified as Hera, statues the Jews considered idolatrous. In Caesarea and in Jerusalem Herod built theaters and amphitheaters. Games were held in both places every fourth year in honor of Augustus. The naked competitors greatly offended the Jews, as did the religious customs linked with the games. Worst of all, over the great gate of the temple in Jerusalem Herod placed a massive golden eagle- the symbol of Roman dominion. 910. Roman soldiers were stationed in Judea to keep in check the Parthians who came from an area north-east of Syria. They were never completely conquered by the Romans. The soldiers also kept the peace in Judea, prevented riots and ensured the safety of trade routes. 911. The army's headquarters was at Caesarea but a detachment was kept as a garrison in Jerusalem. Soldiers were always on duty in the outer temple area, and more were

sent to Jerusalem at Passover time when pilgrims flocked to the city. 912. The Jews were left under no illusion as to who controlled their country. Uniformed soldiers were an everyday sight in their streets. The Jews were, however, exempt from military service because their law forbade the carrying of weapons on the Sabbath, and because soldiers were expected to take part in pagan religious ceremonies. 913. One of the most hated aspects of Roman domination was the heavy taxation. The provinces were expected to bear most of the cost of administering the empire. In the province of Syria income tax was 1 per cent of a man's income per year, but there were also export and import taxes, taxes levied on crops one-tenth of the grain crop and one-fifth of the wine, fruit and oil - purchase taxes, taxes payable on the transfer of property, emergency taxes, and so on. 914. A Roman official called a censor was responsible for collecting the revenue but he sold the right to extort it to the highest bidders. These TAX COLLECTORS demanded more money than was due and kept the difference for themselves. It is likely that they took bribes from the rich so it was the poor people who really paid for the Roman government. 915. There were frequent Jewish revolts against the Romans, triggered by ill treatment of the Jews. In the time of the procurator Ventidius Cumanus (48-52 AD) a Roman soldier threw a scroll of the Law into the fire. The Jews were so incensed that Cumanus was forced to have the soldier executed. Under Judas the Galilean the Jews revolted against the excessive taxes but the revolt was put down with great cruelty and all the rebels were executed (Acts 5:37). Because they longed to be free of Rome sects such as the Zealots openly rebelled, and the Essenes opted out of normal citizenship in their self-supporting community. 916. The occupation had some benefits. The Romans secured peace and built a good system of roads. This in turn encouraged trade. They often respected local customs, allowed religious freedom and a certain degree of self government. They built baths and government offices. 917. The Sanhedrin, (the Jewish council of seventy elders and the high priest which met in Jerusalem) had control of religious affairs and also administered government and justice under the authority of the Roman procurator. Although it tried certain criminal cases it does not seem to have had the

right to enforce capital punishment, which is why Jesus had to be executed by Pilate, the Roman governor. 918. JULIUS CAESAR 919. After his year as consul, Caesar left Rome to serve as the proconsul or governor of Gaul (France). There, between 58 and 51 BC, he defeated innumerable Celtic and Belgic armies, massacring hundreds of thousands in the process. He twice invaded Britain, though it was not made a province until the later invasion of the Emperor Claudius in AD 43. 920. When Pompey persuaded the Senate to order Caesar to lay down his arms at the end of his period as proconsul, Caesar challenged them by crossing the River Rubicon in 49 BC. As this marked the boundary between his province of Cisalpine Gaul and Italy, the die was cast for war. In the civil war which followed, Pompey's followers outnumbered Caesar's. But in 48 BC, on the plains of Pharsalus in northern Greece, Caesar decisively defeated Pompey. Hoping to find refuge in Egypt, Pompey fled to Alexandria but was murdered as he landed. 921. Caesar traveled to Egypt in pursuit of his enemy, and there became infatuated with Queen Cleopatra, the last of the Ptolemaic rulers of Egypt. After extricating himself from a difficult military position in Alexandria with the aid of the Jews, Caesar proceeded to mop up pockets of opposition with rapidity. He had great plans and reforms in mind: he revised the calendar (his 'Julian' calendar, with minor changes introduced by Pope Gregory, is the one we use today), and planned a colony for Corinth. But because he arrogantly took up the powers of dictator, some of his close friends, including Brutus, joined in a plot to assassinate him in 44 BC, on the Ides of March, the 15th. 922. In a speech immortalized in drama by Shakespeare 'Friends, Romans, countrymen' - Mark Antony aroused the people to a fever pitch against the assassins who found it prudent to leave the country. Much to his own chagrin Antony found that Caesar's will did not name him heir; instead Caesar's young grandnephew, Octavian, was nominated successor. After some bitter feuding, Antony and Octavian, together with Lepidus, formed a Second Triumvirate in 43 BC to pursue Caesar's murderers. One of their first acts was to sentence to death the orator Cicero, who had bitterly attacked Antony in a series of speeches. 923. The crucial battle was fought at Philippi, Macedonia, in 42 BC. Brutus and Cassius, the leaders of the assassins, were

disheartened, partly because of faulty communications, and committed suicide. 924. The victors divided the Empire: Octavian was to rule the west and Antony the east. Antony summoned Cleopatra to appear before him at Tarsus. He was captivated by her, though he was married to Octavian's sister, the noble Octavia. Egged on by the ambitious queen, Antony eventually divorced Octavia and proclaimed Caesarion, Cleopatra's son, the legitimate heir of Caesar. 925. But outside the bay of Actium in north-western Greece, Antony's fleet was outmaneuvered by Octavian's admiral, Agrippa in 31 BC. Instead of attempting to rally his dispirited troops, Antony shamelessly joined Cleopatra in flight. After a half-hearted attempt to defend Egypt, he committed suicide. Cleopatra clasped a poisonous asp to her breast, and was buried at Antony's side in Alexandria. 926.

AUGUSTUS (21 BC-14 AD)

927. In 27 BC Octavian was granted the title Augustus and became the first 'emperor', a term which is derived from the military title 'imperator'. Technically he was no more than first senator. But as he combined in himself all the powers of consul, tribune and other offices, he had no rival. Augustus shrewdly kept direct control of all the military provinces which held the major part of the armed forces. He wisely avoided Caesar's mistake, by behaving deferentially to senators. In his reign Roman peace (Pax Romana) was extended as far as the Danube and the Black Sea. 928. Augustus was not only the first emperor, he was also the greatest. He justly deserved the title 'father of his country'. He passed many wise and far-sighted measures concerning both Rome and the provinces. He boasted that he had transformed Rome from a city of brick into a city of marble. 929. His genuine piety, celebrated in the famous Altar of Peace in Rome, led to his restoring eighty temples. Augustus also attempted to regulate morals, and banished his own daughter Julia for her immorality. He tried to use legislation to encourage marriages and births, and his censuses do indicate an increase in the number of citizens from 4,233,000 in 8 BC to 4,931,000 in 14 AD. 930. It was during an era of peace in his reign that Jesus was born in Bethlehem rather than at his parents' home in Nazareth because a census ordered by Augustus required all adults to register at their ancestral home towns.

931.

TIBERIUS (14-37 AD)

932. The Emperor Tiberius was the son of Livia, the empress, by a previous marriage. Though an able soldier, his dour personality did not impress Augustus. For his part Tiberius resented the shabby manner in which he was treated, in particular by being forced to divorce his beloved Vipsania to marry Augustus' adulterous daughter Julia. 933. Tiberius' reign was marred by a glut of treason trials. In 26 AD, at the age of 67, he was persuaded by Sejanus, the sinister chief of the praetorian guard, to retire to his luxurious villa on the island of Capri, near the bay of Naples. According to the scandalous stories repeated by the writer Suetonius, the emperor indulged himself with orgies and sadistic displays, and rarely ventured back to mainland Italy. 934. In 31 AD the treachery of Sejanus was uncovered and he was summarily executed. In either 30 or 33 AD, Jesus was crucified under Sejanus' protg, Pontius Pilate, prefect of Judea, a fact which was known to the historian, Tacitus.

The Diety of Jesus

Scriptures that Reveal the Diety of Jesus
Exod 23:20-21 20 "Behold, I send an Angel before you to keep you in the way and to bring you into the place which I have prepared. 21 "Beware of Him and obey His voice; do not provoke Him, for He will not pardon your transgressions; for My name is in Him. Num 21:6 6 So the LORD sent fiery serpents among the people, and they bit the people; and many of the people of Israel died. Ps 45:6-7 6 Your throne, O God, is forever and ever; a scepter of righteousness is the scepter of Your kingdom. 7 You love righteousness and hate wickedness; therefore God, Your God, has anointed You with the oil of gladness more than Your companions. Ps 102:24-27

24 I said, "O my God, do not take me away in the midst of my days; your years are throughout all generations. 25 Of old You laid the foundation of the earth, and the heavens are the work of Your hands. 26 They will perish, but You will endure; yes, they will all grow old like a garment; like a cloak You will change them, and they will be changed. 27 But You are the same, and Your years will have no end. Ps 110:1 1 The LORD said to my Lord, "Sit at My right hand, till I make Your enemies Your footstool." Isa 6:1 1 In the year that King Uzziah died, I saw the Lord sitting on a throne, high and lifted up, and the train of His robe filled the temple. Isa 7:14 14 "Therefore the Lord Himself will give you a sign: Behold, the virgin shall conceive and bear a Son, and shall call His name Immanuel. Isa 8:13-14 13 The LORD of hosts, Him you shall hallow; let Him be your fear, and let Him be your dread. 14 He will be as a sanctuary, but a stone of stumbling and a rock of offense to both the houses of Israel, as a trap and a snare to the inhabitants of Jerusalem. Isa 9:6 6 For unto us a Child is born, unto us a Son is given; and the government will be upon His shoulder. And His name will be called wonderful, Counselor, Mighty God, everlasting Father, Prince of Peace. Isa 40:3 3 The voice of one crying in the wilderness: "Prepare the way of the LORD; make straight in the desert a highway for our God. Isa 40:9-10 9 O Zion, you who bring good tidings, get up into the high mountain; O Jerusalem, you who bring good tidings, lift up your voice with strength, lift it up, be not afraid; say to the cities of Judah, "Behold your God!" 10 Behold, the Lord GOD shall come with a strong hand, and His arm shall rule for Him; behold, His reward is with Him, and His work before Him. Mal 3:1 1 "Behold, I send My messenger, and he will prepare the way before Me. And the Lord, whom you seek, will suddenly come to His temple,

even the Messenger of the covenant, in whom you delight. Behold, He is coming," says the LORD of hosts. Matt 1:23 23 "Behold, the virgin shall be with child, and bear a Son, and they shall call His name Immanuel," which is translated, "God with us." Matt 3:3 3 For this is he who was spoken of by the prophet Isaiah, saying: "The voice of one crying in the wilderness: `Prepare the way of the Lord; make His paths straight.' " Matt 8:29 29 And suddenly they cried out, saying, "What have we to do with You, Jesus, You Son of God? Have You come here to torment us before the time?" Matt 9:6 6 "But that you may know that the Son of Man has power on earth to forgive sins"-- then He said to the paralytic, "Arise, take up your bed, and go to your house." Matt 11:10 10 "For this is he of whom it is written: `Behold, I send My messenger before Your face, who will prepare Your way before You.' Matt 22:43-45 43 He said to them, "How then does David in the Spirit call Him `Lord,' saying: 44 `The Lord said to my Lord, "Sit at My right hand, till I make Your enemies Your footstool" '? 45 "If David then calls Him `Lord,' how is He his Son?" Matt 28:17-18 17 When they saw Him, they worshiped Him; but some doubted. 18 And Jesus came and spoke to them, saying, "All authority has been given to Me in heaven and on earth. Mark 5:6-7 6 When he saw Jesus from afar, he ran and worshiped Him. 7 And he cried out with a loud voice and said, "What have I to do with You, Jesus, Son of the Most High God? I implore You by God that You do not torment me." Luke 4:12 12 And Jesus answered and said to him, "It has been said, `You shall not tempt the Lord your God.'" Luke 4:33-34 33 Now in the synagogue there was a man who had a spirit of an unclean demon. And he cried out with a loud voice, 34 saying, "Let us alone! What have we to do with You, Jesus of Nazareth? Did You come to destroy us? I know who You are-- the Holy One of God!"

Luke 8:28 28 When he saw Jesus, he cried out, fell down before Him, and with a loud voice said, "What have I to do with You, Jesus, Son of the Most High God? I beg You, do not torment me!" Luke 9:43-44 43 And they were all amazed at the majesty of God. But while everyone marveled at all the things which Jesus did, He said to His disciples, 44 "Let these words sink down into your ears, for the Son of Man is about to be betrayed into the hands of men." John 1:1-2 1 In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God. 2 He was in the beginning with God. John 5:17-18 17 But Jesus answered them, "My Father has been working until now, and I have been working." 18 Therefore the Jews sought all the more to kill Him, because He not only broke the Sabbath, but also said that God was His Father, making Himself equal with God. John 5:21-23 21 "For as the Father raises the dead and gives life to them, even so the Son gives life to whom He will. 22 "For the Father judges no one, but has committed all judgment to the Son, 23 "that all should honor the Son just as they honor the Father. He who does not honor the Son does not honor the Father who sent Him. John 10:30-33 30 "I and My Father are one." 31 Then the Jews took up stones again to stone Him. 32 Jesus answered them, "Many good works I have shown you from My Father. For which of those works do you stone Me?" 33 The Jews answered Him, saying, "For a good work we do not stone You, but for blasphemy, and because You, being a Man, make Yourself God." John 12:41 41 These things Isaiah said when he saw His glory and spoke of Him. John 12:45 45 "And he who sees Me sees Him who sent Me. John 20:28 28 And Thomas answered and said to Him, "My Lord and my God!" Acts 7:37-39

37 "This is that Moses who said to the children of Israel, `The Lord your God will raise up for you a Prophet like me from your brethren. Him you shall hear.' 38 "This is he who was in the congregation in the wilderness with the Angel who spoke to him on Mount Sinai, and with our fathers, the one who received the living oracles to give to us, 39 "whom our fathers would not obey, but rejected. And in their hearts they turned back to Egypt, Acts 20:28 28 "Therefore take heed to yourselves and to all the flock, among which the Holy Spirit has made you overseers, to shepherd the church of God which He purchased with His own blood. Rom 1:7 7 To all who are in Rome, beloved of God, called to be saints: Grace to you and peace from God our Father and the Lord Jesus Christ. 1 Cor 1:3 3 Grace to you and peace from God our Father and the Lord Jesus Christ. 1 Cor 2:8 8 which none of the rulers of this age knew; for had they known, they would not have crucified the Lord of glory. 1 Cor 8:6 6 yet for us there is one God, the Father, of whom are all things, and we for Him; and one Lord Jesus Christ, through whom are all things, and through whom we live. 1 Cor 10:9 9 nor let us tempt Christ, as some of them also tempted, and were destroyed by serpents; 1 Cor 15:47 47 The first man was of the earth, made of dust; the second Man is the Lord from heaven. 2 Cor 1:2 2 Grace to you and peace from God our Father and the Lord Jesus Christ. Gal 1:1-2 1 Paul, an apostle (not from men nor through man, but through Jesus Christ and God the Father who raised Him from the dead), 2and all the brethren who are with me, To the churches of Galatia: Eph 1:2 2 Grace to you and peace from God our Father and the Lord Jesus Christ. Eph 6:23-24 23 Peace to the brethren, and love with faith, from God the Father and the Lord Jesus Christ.

24 Grace be with all those who love our Lord Jesus Christ in sincerity. Amen. Phil 1:2 2 Grace to you and peace from God our Father and the Lord Jesus Christ. Col 1:2 2 To the saints and faithful brethren in Christ who are in Colosse: Grace to you and peace from God our Father and the Lord Jesus Christ. 1 Thes 1:1 1 Paul, Silvanus, and Timothy, To the church of the Thessalonians in God the Father and the Lord Jesus Christ: Grace to you and peace from God our Father and the Lord Jesus Christ. 1 Thes 3:11 11 Now may our God and Father Himself, and our Lord Jesus Christ, direct our way to you. II Th 1:1-2 1 Paul, Silvanus, and Timothy, To the church of the Thessalonians in God our Father and the Lord Jesus Christ: 2 Grace to you and peace from God our Father and the Lord Jesus Christ. II Th 2:16-17 16 Now may our Lord Jesus Christ Himself, and our God and Father, who has loved us and given us everlasting consolation and good hope by grace, 17 comfort your hearts and establish you in every good word and work. 1 Tim 3:16 16 And without controversy great is the mystery of godliness: God was manifested in the flesh, justified in the Spirit, seen by angels, preached among the Gentiles, believed on in the world, received up in glory. 2 Tim 1:2 2 To Timothy, a beloved son: Grace, mercy, and peace from God the Father and Christ Jesus our Lord. Titus 2:13 13 looking for the blessed hope and glorious appearing of our great God and Savior Jesus Christ, Heb 1:8 8 But to the Son He says: "Your throne, O God, is forever and ever; a scepter of righteousness is the scepter of Your Kingdom. Heb 1:10 10 And: "You, Lord, in the beginning laid the foundation of the earth, and the heavens are the work of Your hands.

1. Pet 2:8 8 and "A stone of stumbling and a rock of offense." They stumble, being disobedient to the word, to which they also were appointed. I Jn 5:20 20 And we know that the Son of God has come and has given us an understanding, that we may know Him who is true; and we are in Him who is true, in His Son Jesus Christ. This is the true God and eternal life.

The Names of Jesus

THE NAMES OF JESUS -NAMES, APPELLATIONS, AND TITLES OF .Adam .Advocate .Almighty .Alpha and Omega .Amen .Angel .Angel of his presence .Anointed .Apostle .Arm of the Lord .Author and Finisher of our faith .Beginning and end of the creation of God .Beloved .Blessed and only Potentate .Branch .Bread of life .Bridegroom .Bright and Morning Star .Brightness of the Father's glory .Captain of the Lord's host (army) .Captain of Salvation .Carpenter .Carpenter's son .Chief Shepherd .Chief Cornerstone

.Chiefest among ten thousand .Child .Chosen of God .Christ .The Christ (Messiah) .Christ, a King .Christ Jesus .Christ Jesus our Lord .Christ of God .Christ, the chosen of God .Christ the Lord .Christ, the power of God .Christ the wisdom of God .Christ, the Son of God .Christ, Son of the Blessed .Commander .Consolation of Israel .Cornerstone .Counselor .Covenant of the people .David .Daysman .Dayspring .Day Star .Deliverer .Desire of all nations .Door, the .Elect .Emmanuel .Ensign .Eternal Life .Everlasting Father .Faithful and True .Faithful Witness, the .Faithful and true witness, the .Finisher of faith .First and last .First begotten .First begotten of the dead .Firstborn .Foundation .Fountain .Forerunner .Friend of sinners

.Gift of God .Glory of Israel .God (deity) .God blessed forever .God manifest in the flesh .God of Israel, the Saviour .God of the whole earth .God our Saviour .God's dear Son .God with us .Good Master .Governor .Great Shepherd of the sheep .Head of the ekklesia (body) .Heir of all things .High priest .Head of every man .Head of the corner .Holy child Jesus .Holy one .Holy one of God .Holy one of Israel .Holy thing .Hope (our) .Horn of salvation .I AM .Image of God .Israel .Jehovah .Jehovah's fellow .Jesus .Jesus Christ .Jesus Christ our Lord .Jesus Christ our Saviour .Jesus of Nazareth .Jesus (of Nazareth), King of the Jews .Jesus, the Son of God .Jesus, the Son of Joseph .Judge .Just man, Just person, Just One .King .King of Israel .King of the Jews .King of Saints

.King of Kings .King of Glory .King of Zion .King over all the earth .Lamb .Lamb of God .Lawgiver .Leader .Life .Light .Light, everlasting .Light of the world .Light to the Gentiles .Light, true .Living Bread, the .Living Stone .Lion of the tribe of Judah .Lord .Lord of Lords .Lord of all .Lord our righteousness .Lord God Almighty .Lord from heaven .Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ .Lord Christ .Lord Jesus .Lord Jesus Christ .Lord Jesus Christ our Saviour .Lord of glory .Lord of Hosts (armies) .Lord, mighty in battle .Lord of the dead and living .Lord of the sabbath .Lord over all .Lord's Christ .Lord, strong and mighty .Lord, the, our righteousness .Lord, your holy one .Lord, your redeemer .Man Christ Jesus .Man of sorrows .Master .Mediator, the only .Cf

.Messenger of the covenant .Messiah .Messiah the Prince .Mighty God .Mighty one of Israel .Mighty one of Jacob .Mighty to save .Minister of the sanctuary .Morning Star .Most holy .Most mighty .Nazarene .Offspring of David .Only begotten (Greek monogenes: one and only, unique) .Only begotten (Greek monogenes: one and only, unique) of the Father .Only begotten (Greek monogenes: one and only, unique) Son (the best mss. have "God" instead of "Son" here) .Only wise God, our Saviour .Overseer .Passover, our .Plant of renown .Potentate .Power of God .Physician .Precious Cornerstone .Priest .Prince .Prince of Life .Prince of Peace .Prince of the kings of the earth .Prophet .Propitiation (expiation, our Sin-offering) .Rabbi, Rabboni .Ransom .Redeemer .Resurrection and the Life, the .Redemption .Righteous Branch .Righteous Judge .Righteous Servant .Righteousness .Rock .Rock of Offence

.Root of David .Root of Jesse .Rose of Sharon .Ruler in Israel .Salvation .Sanctification .Sanctuary .Saviour .Saviour, Jesus Christ .Saviour of the body (ekklesia) .Saviour of the world .Sceptre .Second Man, the .Seed of David .Seed of the woman .Servant .Servant of rulers .Shepherd .Shepherd and Overseer of souls .Shepherd, Chief .Shepherd, Good .Shepherd, Great .Shepherd of Israel .Shiloh .Son of the Father .Son of God .See JESUS, SON OF GOD .Son of Man .See JESUS, SON OF MAN .Son of the Blessed One (God) .Son of the Highest One (God) .Son of David .Star .Sun of Righteousness .Surety (Guarantee) .Stone .Stone of Stumbling .Sure Foundation .Teacher .True God .True Vine .Truth .Unspeakable Gift .Very Christ

.Vine, the .Way, the .Which is, which was, which is to come (equivalent to the tetragrammaton (YHWH), the Eternal One, I AM THAT I AM .Wisdom .Wisdom of God, the .Witness .Wonderful .Word .Word of God .Word of Life
(Outline from Nave's Topical Bible)

The Miracles of Jesus

1. Healing a leper, Matt. 8:2-3; Mark 1:40-42; Luke 5:12-13 2. Healing the centurion's servant, Matt. 8:5-13; Luke 7:1-10 3. Healing Peter's mother-in-law, Matt. 8:14-15; Mark 1:30-31; Luke 4:38-39 4. Calming the storm, Matt. 8:23-27; Mark 4:37-41; Luke 8:22-25 5. Healing the one/two Gadarenes, Matt. 8:28-34; Mark 5:1-13; Luke 8:27-33 6. Healing a paralyzed man, Matt. 9:2-7; Mark 2:3-12; Luke 5:1825 7. Raising Jairus' daughter from the dead, Matt. 9:18-25; Mark 5:22-42; Luke 8:41-56 8. Healing a woman with a hemorrhage, Matt. 9:20-22; Mark 5:25-29; Luke 8:43-48 9. Healing two blind men, Matt. 9:27-31 10. Healing a dumb man, Matt. 9:32-33 11. Healing a man with a withered hand, Matt. 12:10-13; Mark 3:1-5; Luke 6:6-10 12. Healing a blind and dumb man, Matt. 12:22; Luke 11:14 13. Feeding the 5,000, Matt. 14:15-21; Mark 6:35-44; Luke 9:12-17; john 6:5-13 14. Walking on the water, Matt. 14:25; Mark 6:48-51; John 6:19-21 15. Healing the Canaanite woman's daughter, Matt. 15:21-28, Mark 7:24-30 16. Feeding the 4,000, Matt. 15:32-38; Mark 8:1-9 17. Healing a boy with epilepsy, Matt. 17:14-18; Mark 9:1729; Luke 9:38-43

18. Finding of the coin in the fish's mouth, Matt. 17:24-27 19. Healing of Bartimaeus and, Matt. 20:29-34; Mark 10:4652; Luke 18:35-43 20. The withered fig tree, Matt. 21:18-22; Mark 11:20-26 21. Healing a possessed man, Mark 1:23-26 22. Raising the widow of Nain's son from the dead, Luke 7:1115 23. Healing a deaf and dumb man, Mark 7:31-37 24. Healing the blind man at Bethsaida, Mark 8:22-26 25. The catch of fish, Luke 5:1-11 26. Healing the woman bent double, Luke 13:11-13 27. Healing a man with dropsy, Luke 14:1-4 28. Healing the ten lepers, Luke 17:11-19 29. Healing Malchus' ear, Luke 22:50-51 30. Turning water to wine, John 2:1-11 31. Healing the official's son at Capernaum, John 4:46-54 32. Healing the man at the pool of Bethesda, John 5:1-9 33. The boat immediately reaching shore, John 6:21 34. Healing the man born blind, John 9 35. Raising Lazarus from the dead, John 11:1-44 36. A catch of fish, John 21:1-11

The Parables of Jesus

1. A lamp under a bushel, Matt. 5:14-15; Mark 4:21-22; Luke 8:16; 11:33 2. Houses built upon rock and sand, Matt. 7:24-27; Luke 6:47-49 3. A new cloth on an old garment, Matt. 9:16, Mark 2:21, Luke 5:36 4. New wine in old wineskins, Matt. 9:17; Mark 2:22, Luke 5:37-38 5. The sower and the soils, Matt. 13:3-8; Mark 4:3-8; Luke 8:5-8 6. The tares, Matt. 13:24-30 7. The mustard seed, Matt. 13:31-32; Mark 4:30-32; Luke 13:1819 8. Leaven, Matt. 13:33; Luke 13:20-21 9. Hidden treasure, Matt. 13:44 10. Pearl of great price, Matt. 13:45-46 11. The drag-net, Matt. 13:47-48 12. The lost sheep, Matt. 18:12-13; Luke 15:4-6 13. The unforgiving servant, Matt. 18:23-34 14. Workers in the vineyard, Matt. 20:1-16 15. The two sons, Matt. 21:28-31 16. The wicked tenants, Matt. 21:33-41; Mark 12:1-9; Luke 20:9-16

17. 18. 32 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39.

The wedding feast, Matt. 22:2-14 The fig tree, Matt. 24:32-33; Mark 13:28-29; Luke 21:29The ten virgins, Matt. 25:1-13 The talents, Matt. 25:14-30; Luke 19:12-27 Sheep and goats, Matt. 25:31-46 Seedtime to harvest, Mark 4:26-29 The creditor and the debtors, Luke 7:41-43 The good Samaritan, Luke 10:30-37 A friend in need, Luke 11:5-8 The rich fool, Luke 12:16-21 The alert servants, Luke 12:35-40 The faithful steward, Luke 12:42-48 A fig tree without figs, Luke 13:6-9 Places of honor at the wedding feast, Luke 14:7-14 The great banquet, Luke 14:16-24 Counting the cost, Luke 14:28-33 The lost coin, Luke 15:8-10 The prodigal son, Luke 15:11-32 The dishonest steward, Luke 16:1-8 The rich man and Lazarus, Luke 16:19-31 The master and his servant, Luke 17:7-10 The persistent widow, Luke 18:2-5 The Pharisee and the tax collector, Luke 18:10-14

Messianic Prophecies

Here is a list of some of the prophesies about Jesus. First the topic, then the Old Testament prediction, and the New Testament fulfillment:

Messianic Prophecies
1. The seed of the woman Gen 3:15 And I will put enmity between you and the woman, and between your seed and her Seed; he shall bruise your head, and you shall bruise His heel." Gal 4:4 But when the fullness of the time had come, God sent forth His Son, born of a woman, born under the law, 2. The seed of Abraham Gen 12:3 I will bless those who bless you, and I will curse him who curses you; and in you all the families of the earth shall be blessed." Gal 3:16 Now to Abraham and his Seed were the promises made. He does not say, "And to seeds," as of many, but as of one, "And to your Seed," who is Christ. 3. The Tribe of Judah Gen 49:10 The scepter shall not depart from Judah, nor a lawgiver from between his feet, until Shiloh comes; and to Him shall be the obedience of the people. Matt 1:2 Abraham begot Isaac, Isaac begot Jacob, and Jacob begot Judah and his brothers. 4. The seed of Jacob Num 24:17-19 "I see Him, but not now; I behold Him, but not near; a Star shall come out of Jacob; a Scepter shall rise out of Israel... Out of Jacob One shall have dominion, and destroy the remains of the city." Lk 3:34 the son of Jacob, the son of Isaac, the son of Abraham, the son of Terah, the son of Nahor, 5. The seed of David Ps 132:11 The LORD has sworn in truth to David; he will not turn from it: "I will set upon your throne the fruit of your body. Jer 23:5-6 "Behold, the days are coming," says the LORD, "That I will raise to David a Branch of righteousness; a King shall reign and prosper, and execute judgment and righteousness in the earth. In His days Judah will be saved, and Israel will dwell safely; now this is

His name by which He will be called: THE LORD OUR RIGHTEOUSNESS. Rom 1:3 concerning His Son Jesus Christ our Lord, who was born of the seed of David according to the flesh, 6. A prophet like Moses Deut 18:15-19 "The LORD your God will raise up for you a Prophet like me from your midst, from your brethren. Him you shall hear... `I will raise up for them a Prophet like you from among their brethren, and will put My words in His mouth, and He shall speak to them all that I command Him. `And it shall be that whoever will not hear My words, which He speaks in My name, I will require it of him. Jn 6:14 Then those men, when they had seen the sign that Jesus did, said, "This is truly the Prophet who is to come into the world." 7. The Son of God Ps 2:7 "I will declare the decree: the LORD has said to Me, `You are My Son, today I have begotten You. Prov 30:4 Who has ascended into heaven, or descended? Who has gathered the wind in His fists? Who has bound the waters in a garment? Who has established all the ends of the earth? What is His name, and what is His Son's name, if you know? Matt 3:17 And suddenly a voice came from heaven, saying, "This is My beloved Son, in whom I am well pleased." 8. Resurrected from the dead Ps 16:10 For You will not leave my soul in Sheol, nor will You allow Your Holy One to see corruption. Acts 13:35-37 "Therefore He also says in another Psalm: `You will not allow Your Holy One to see corruption.' "For David, after he had served his own generation by the will of God, fell asleep, was buried with his fathers, and saw corruption; "but He whom God raised up saw no corruption. 9. Betrayed by a friend Ps 41:9 Even my own familiar friend in whom I trusted, who ate my bread, has lifted up his heel against me. Matt 26:48-49 Now His betrayer had given them a sign, saying, "Whomever I kiss, He is the One; seize Him." Immediately he went up to Jesus and said, "Greetings, Rabbi!" and kissed Him.

10.

Ascend into Heaven

Ps 68:18 You have ascended on high, you have led captivity captive; you have received gifts among men, even from the rebellious, that the LORD God might dwell there. Acts 1:9 Now when He had spoken these things, while they watched, He was taken up, and a cloud received Him out of their sight. 11. A priest like Melchizedek

Ps 110:4 The LORD has sworn and will not relent, "You are a priest forever according to the order of Melchizedek." Heb 5:5-6 So also Christ did not glorify Himself to become High Priest, but it was He who said to Him: "You are My Son, today I have begotten You." As He also says in another place: "You are a priest forever according to the order of Melchizedek" 12. Seated at the right hand of God

Ps 110:1 The LORD said to my Lord, "Sit at My right hand, till I make Your enemies Your footstool." Matt 26:64 Jesus said to him, "It is as you said. Nevertheless, I say to you, hereafter you will see the Son of Man sitting at the right hand of the Power, and coming on the clouds of heaven." 13. The rejected stone to become the chief cornerstone

Ps 118:22-23 The stone which the builders rejected has become the chief cornerstone. This was the LORD'S doing; it is marvelous in our eyes. Is 28:16 Therefore thus says the Lord GOD: "Behold, I lay in Zion a stone for a foundation, a tried stone, a precious cornerstone, a sure foundation; whoever believes will not act hastily. Matt 21:42-43 Jesus said to them, "Have you never read in the Scriptures: `The stone which the builders rejected has become the chief cornerstone. This was the Lord's doing, and it is marvelous in our eyes'? "Therefore I say to you, the kingdom of God will be taken from you and given to a nation bearing the fruits of it. 14. Born of a Virgin

Is 7:14 "Therefore the Lord Himself will give you a sign: Behold, the virgin shall conceive and bear a Son, and shall call His name Immanuel.

Lk 1:34-35 Then Mary said to the angel, "How can this be, since I do not know a man?" And the angel answered and said to her, "The Holy Spirit will come upon you, and the power of the Highest will overshadow you; therefore, also, that Holy One who is to be born will be called the Son of God. 15. Minister in Galilee

Is 9:1-2 Nevertheless the gloom will not be upon her who is distressed, as when at first He lightly esteemed the land of Zebulun and the land of Naphtali, and afterward more heavily oppressed her, by the way of the sea, beyond the Jordan, in Galilee of the Gentiles. The people who walked in darkness have seen a great light; those who dwelt in the land of the shadow of death, upon them a light has shined. Matt 4:13 And leaving Nazareth, He came and dwelt in Capernaum, which is by the sea, in the regions of Zebulun and Naphtali, 16. Will be meek and humble

Is 42:2-3 He will not cry out, nor raise His voice, nor cause His voice to be heard in the street. A bruised reed He will not break, and smoking flax He will not quench; he will bring forth justice for truth. Is 53:7 He was oppressed and He was afflicted, yet He opened not His mouth; he was led as a lamb to the slaughter, and as a sheep before its shearers is silent, so He opened not His mouth. Matt 26:62-63 And the high priest arose and said to Him, "Do You answer nothing? What is it these men testify against You?" But Jesus kept silent.... 17. Bring salvation to the Gentiles

Is 11:10 "And in that day there shall be a Root of Jesse, who shall stand as a banner to the people; for the Gentiles shall seek Him, and His resting place shall be glorious." Is 42:1 "Behold! My Servant whom I uphold, my Elect One in whom My soul delights! I have put My Spirit upon Him; he will bring forth justice to the Gentiles. Is 49:6 Indeed He says, `It is too small a thing that You should be My Servant to raise up the tribes of Jacob, and to restore the preserved ones of Israel; I will also give You as a light to the Gentiles, that You should be My salvation to the ends of the earth.'" Matt 15:21 Then Jesus went out from there and departed to the region of Tyre and Sidon.

18.

Will be beaten

Is 50:6 I gave My back to those who struck Me, and My cheeks to those who plucked out the beard; I did not hide My face from shame and spitting. Matt 26:67 Then they spat in His face and beat Him; and others struck Him with the palms of their hands, 19. Will establish a New Covenant

Jer 31:31-33 "Behold, the days are coming, says the LORD, when I will make a new covenant with the house of Israel and with the house of Judah-- "not according to the covenant that I made with their fathers in the day that I took them by the hand to lead them out of the land of Egypt, My covenant which they broke, though I was a husband to them, says the LORD. "But this is the covenant that I will make with the house of Israel after those days, says the LORD: I will put My law in their minds, and write it on their hearts; and I will be their God, and they shall be My people. Matt 26:28 "For this is My blood of the new covenant, which is shed for many for the remission of sins. 20. Will have two missions

Is 61:1-2 "The Spirit of the Lord GOD is upon Me, because the LORD has anointed Me to preach good tidings to the poor; he has sent Me to heal the brokenhearted, to proclaim liberty to the captives, and the opening of the prison to those who are bound; To proclaim the acceptable year of the LORD, and the day of vengeance of our God; 21. Will perform miracles

Is 35:5-6 Then the eyes of the blind shall be opened, and the ears of the deaf shall be unstopped. Then the lame shall leap like a deer, and the tongue of the dumb sing. For waters shall burst forth in the wilderness, and streams in the desert. Jn 11:47 Then the chief priests and the Pharisees gathered a council and said, "What shall we do? For this Man works many signs. 22. Called Jehovah God

Jer 23:5-6 "Behold, the days are coming," says the LORD, "That I will raise to David a Branch of righteousness; a King shall reign and prosper, and execute judgment and righteousness in the earth. In

His days Judah will be saved, and Israel will dwell safely; now this is His name by which He will be called: THE LORD OUR RIGHTEOUSNESS. Is 9:6 For unto us a Child is born, unto us a Son is given; and the government will be upon His shoulder. And His name will be called wonderful, Counselor, Mighty God, everlasting Father, Prince of Peace. Jn 8:24 "Therefore I said to you that you will die in your sins; for if you do not believe that I Am, you will die in your sins." Jn 8:58 Jesus said to them, "Most assuredly, I say to you, before Abraham was, I AM." 23. Born in Bethlehem

Mic 5:2 "But you, Bethlehem Ephrathah, though you are little among the thousands of Judah, yet out of you shall come forth to Me the One to be Ruler in Israel, whose goings forth are from of old, from everlasting." Lk 2:4-6 Joseph also went up from Galilee, out of the city of Nazareth, into Judea, to the city of David, which is called Bethlehem, because he was of the house and lineage of David, to be registered with Mary, his betrothed wife, who was with child. So it was, that while they were there, the days were completed for her to be delivered. 24. Will enter the Temple with authority

Mal 3:1 "Behold, I send My messenger, and he will prepare the way before Me. And the Lord, whom you seek, will suddenly come to His temple, even the Messenger of the covenant, in whom you delight. Behold, He is coming," says the LORD of hosts. Matt 21:12 Then Jesus went into the temple of God and drove out all those who bought and sold in the temple, and overturned the tables of the money changers and the seats of those who sold doves. 25. Will enter Jerusalem on a donkey

Zech 9:9 "Rejoice greatly, O daughter of Zion! Shout, O daughter of Jerusalem! Behold, your King is coming to you; he is just and having salvation, lowly and riding on a donkey, a colt, the foal of a donkey. Matt 21:2-3 2 saying to them, "Go into the village opposite you, and immediately you will find a donkey tied, and a colt with her. Loose them and bring them to Me. 3 "And if anyone says anything to you,

you shall say, `The Lord has need of them,' and immediately he will send them." 26. Will be pierced

Ps 22:16 For dogs have surrounded Me; the congregation of the wicked has enclosed Me. They pierced My hands and My feet; Zech 12:10 "And I will pour on the house of David and on the inhabitants of Jerusalem the Spirit of grace and supplication; then they will look on Me whom they have pierced; they will mourn for Him as one mourns for his only son, and grieve for Him as one grieves for a firstborn. Is 53:5 But He was wounded for our transgressions, he was bruised for our iniquities; the chastisement for our peace was upon Him, and by His stripes we are healed. Jn 19:34 one of the soldiers pierced His side with a spear, and immediately blood and water came out. 27. Forsaken by His disciples

Zech 13:7 "Awake, O sword, against My Shepherd, against the Man who is My Companion," says the LORD of hosts. "Strike the Shepherd, and the sheep will be scattered; then I will turn My hand against the little ones. Matt 26:31 Then Jesus said to them, "All of you will be made to stumble because of Me this night, for it is written: `I will strike the Shepherd, and the sheep of the flock will be scattered.' 28. Victory over death

Is 25:8 He will swallow up death forever, and the Lord GOD will wipe away tears from all faces; the rebuke of His people he will take away from all the earth; for the LORD has spoken. Heb 2:14 Inasmuch then as the children have partaken of flesh and blood, He Himself likewise shared in the same, that through death He might destroy him who had the power of death, that is, the devil, Jn 19:30 So when Jesus had received the sour wine, He said, "It is finished!" And bowing His head, He gave up His spirit. 29. The exact time of His death predicted

Dan 9:26 "And after the sixty-two weeks Messiah shall be cut off....

Time Charts
Time Line (Mostly Historical)

BC
343 Egypt: Artaxerxes III of Persia recaptures Egypt and founds the 31st dynasty, which lasts to 332. Rome: First Samnite War between Rome and the Samnites and Latins (to 341). 340 Macedonia conquers Thrace. 339 Greece: Fourth Sacred War, between Macedonia and Athens (to 338). 338 Philip of Macedon defeats Athenian and Theban forces at battle of Chaeronea. He unites all Greece under his rule. Rome: tribes and cities of Latin League revolt against Rome. Romans are victorious at Trifanum, and the League is dissolved. Persia: Artaxerxes lil is assassinated; succeeded by Darius lil (336-320). 336 Greece: Philip of Macedon is murdered. He is succeeded by his son, Alexander III, known as "the Great." 334 Alexander the Great begins campaign against Persia and defeats Darius III in Anatolia. 333 Alexander the Great defeats Darius III again at battle of Issus. He takes the city of Tyre after siege. End of Phoenician empire. 332 Alexander invades and conquers Egypt. Work begins on construction of his new city, Alexandria. 331 Alexander renews Persian campaign and defeats Darius III at Arbela. 330 Darius III is assassinated, leaving Alexander in control of Persia. 327 Alexander begins invasion of India. 326 Second Samnite War (to 304). Roman troops are defeated and humiliated. During the war Appius Claudius builds the Appian Way from Rome to Capua, near Naples, to help move Roman troops more easily to the war area. 323 Alexander dies at Babylon, aged 33. His body is buried at Alexandria, Egypt. Alexander the Great's generals argue over division of his empire (to 319). Ptolemy rules in Egypt (to 285). Hellenistic period begins (to 31). 321 India: Chandragupta founds Mauryan dynasty (to 184). 320 Judah: Ptolemy captures Jerusalem. Libya: Egypt takes Libya as a province. Syria: Seleucus, one of Alexander's generals, begins to take control.

310 Italy: The Etruscans join the Samnites in attacking Rome, but are defeated at Lake Vadimo. 307 Greece: Two of Alexander's generals rule the country, both taking the title of king as Antigonus I and Demetrius I. Other governors follow their example. 306 A trade treaty is agreed between Rome and Carthage. 305 Egypt: Ptolemy I takes the title of king. Babylon: Seleucus I becomes king, founding Seleucid dynasty. 304 Italy: Rome makes peace with the Samnites and other enemies and gains land in area around Naples. India: Seleucus gives up his claim on India to Chandragupta in exchange for 500 elephants. 301 Central America: Mayan civilization begins to spread south. Greece: Antigonus I killed in battle of Issus against Seleucus I and his allies. Seleucus rules Syria, and Ptolemy rules Palestine and Egypt. 300 Treaty between Rome and Carthage. 298 Gauls join Samnites and Latins against Rome in the Third Samnite War (to 290). It ends in Roman victory. 287 Rome: Full equality between patricians and plebeians is agreed. Greece: Birth of Archimedes, mathematician (dies 212). 285 Egypt: Reign of Ptolemy II Philadelphus (to 246). 276 Greece: Antigonus II Gonatus rules (to 239) c. 276 Greece: Birth of Euclid, mathematician (dies 194) 273 India: King Asoka rules Mauryan empire (to 232), uniting central and northern India. He becomes a Buddhist. 264 First Punic War between Rome and Carthage (to 241) begins a century of struggle for control of the Mediterranean. 254 Rome takes Panormus in Sicily from Carthage. 250 Judea is part of Ptolemaic empire based in Egypt (to 198). Hebrew scriptures are translated into Greek. Apollonius a Greek mathematician begins work in astronomy (to 220). 246 Egypt: Ptolemy III rules (to 221). 241 Peace between Rome and Carthage. Sicily becomes first Roman province. 238 Carthaginians begin conquest of Spain. 237 Rome: Birth of Scipio Africanus, the general who leads Rome in the Second Punic War (dies 183). 225 Romans defeat Celts at Telamon in Italy. 223 Antiochus III, the Great, succeeds his father and restores power of Seleucid empire (to 187). 221 China: Qin dynasty unites the country for the first time in one empire (to 207). Greece: Philip V rules Macedonia (to 179). Egypt: Ptolemy IV Philopater rules (to 203).

218 Second Punic War (to 202). Hannibal crosses the Alps with elephants. 217 Hannibal defeats Roman army at Lake Trasimene in Italy. 216 Hannibal wins another great victory, at Cannae, inflicting one of the worst defeats the Romar s suffer. 215 Hannibal is defeated by the Roman, Marcellus, at Nola in southern Italy. 214 Rome: Marcellus begins conquest of Sicily, completed in 210. China: Constructionof the Great Wall begins. 212 China: To maintain his position of power the emperor, Shi Huangdi, has all historical documents burned and books are banned. After this time a silk-based material is used for writing on, and Chinese script is standardized. 211 First Macedonian War, in which the Macedonians and the Carthaginians fight Rome (to 205). 206 Rome: Scipio defeats the Carthaginians in Spain. 205 Egypt: Reign of Ptolemy V Epiphanes (to 181). 203-201 Africa: Hannibal is recalled to Carthage to repel a Roman invasion by Scipio. Scipio defeats Hannibal at Zama and ends Second Punic War. Carthage surrenders Spain and Mediterranean lands and Carthaginian fleet is destroyed. 202 China: Reign of the Han dynasty (to A.D. 9), founded by Lui Pang. 200 Second Macedonian War between Greeks and Philip V of Macedon (to 196). With the help of the Romans, the Greeks are victorious, and Philip is forced to surrender Greece. 198 Judea part of Seleucid empire under Antiochus III and IV (to 166). 196 Hannibalis political reforms in Carthage make him unpopular. His enemies force him to flee into exile. 192 Syrian War (to 189). Antiochus III defeated in war with Rome. 190 Greece: Birth of Hipparchus, astronomer (dies 120). c. 185 India: Last Mauryan king overthrown. 184 India: Reign of the Sunga dynasty (to 172), founded in the Ganges Valley, by Pushayanitra. 183 Hannibal commits suicide to avoid being captured by the Romans. 180 Egypt: Ptolemy VI Philometor rules (to 145). 180 Africa: early Meroitic writing appears. 179 Perseus, son of Philip V of Macedonia, continues war with Rome (to 167). 175 Antiochus IV Epiphanes is king of Seleucid empire (to 163). 171 Third Macedonian War (to 167). Macedonians under Perseus attack Rome once again.

170 Egypt: Antiochus IV invades the country and captures Ptolemy VI. The Egyptians proclaim his brother, Ptolemy Vl11 Euergetes, king. Antiochus withdraws, and the two brothers reign jointly. 168 In the battle of Pydna the Romans defeat the Macedonians and capture their leader, Perseus. 167 Judah: Antiochus begins persecution of the Jews. The Jewish Temple in Jerusalem is dedicated to the worship of the Greek god, Zeus. Judah: Jews, under the leadership of Judas Maccabeus, rebel against the persecution of Antiochus IV (to 164, when Jewish worship is restored). 160 Judah: Judas Maccabeus is killed in battle against Syrians. His brother, Jonathan, leads the Jews (to 143). 155 China: Early writings are compiled, including important Taoist manuscripts. 149 Third Punic War (to 146) leads to destruction of Carthage by Romans under Scipio the Younger. 149 Fourth Macedonian War (to 148). Macedon is conquered and becomes a Roman province. 145 Egypt: Ptolemy VII rules under the regency of his mother, Cleopatra II. Ptolemy VIII seizes the throne (to 116). 143 Judea: Simon Maccabeus, Judas's second brother, leads the Jews (to 134). 141 Judea: Jews liberate Jerusalem. Judea proclaimed an independent kingdom. 140 China: Emperor Wu Ti expands the empire (to 87). 135 First Servile War - revolt of Roman slaves in Sicily crushed (to 132). 134 Judea: John Hyrcanus, son of Simon Maccabeus, rules (to 104). 124 China: philosophical teachings of Confucius become official. 116 Egypt: PtolemyVIII dies; Ptolemaic empire is split up; years of strife follow. 111 China: Eastern and southern areas are subjugated (to 110). Africa: War breaks out between Rome and Jugurtha, King of Numidia. 110 India: Munda kings reign in the Deccan, central region (to 225 AD). 108 Wu Ti, emperor of China, conquers Korea. 106 Galus Marius elected Roman consul and sent to Africa. 105 Africa: Marius and Sulla defeat the Numidian Jugurtha. He is taken to Rome and executed. 104 Judea: Aristobulus I is king (to 103). 103 Judea: Alexander Janneus rules (to 76). Second Servile War (to 99) - a revolt by slaves in Rome.

100 China: A general history and standard religious texts are compiled, along with a list of Chinese literature. 91 War between Rome and Italian cities. 90 Judea: Revolt of Pharisees occurs. 89 Rome: Roman army under Sulla regains control of Italy; all Italians are granted Roman citizenship. 88 Anatolia: First Mithradatic War (to 84). Rome fights Mithradates IV of Pontus. 88 Civil war is waged in Rome (to 82). Sulla is victorious. 87 Anatolia: Sulla defeats Mithradates and takes Athens. China: Death of Wu Ti leads to a period of disorder. 83 Anatolia: Second Mithradatic War (to 81). Romans successfully invade Pontus. 82 Sulla becomes dictator of Rome. He launches a vicious attack on all his opponents and many are killed. 78 Rome: Sulla dies. Revolt of Lepidus is defeated by Pompey fhe Great, who rules with Crassus. 78 India: Most of northern India is under the rule of Kanishka l of Kushan dynasty (to 100 AD). 76 Judea: Saiome- 41exandra rules (to 67). 74 Anatolia: Third: Mithradatic War (to 64). Mithradates takes Bithynia, which Rome claims. 73 Anatolia: Lucullus and the Roman army defeat Mithradates and occupy Pontus. Rome: Spartacus leads slave revolt in Third Servile War (to 71); it is crushed by Pompey and Crassus. 70 Rome: Birth of Virgil, poet (dies 19 B.C.). His most famous work is the Aeneid, the story of Aeneas after the fall of Troy. 67 Judea: Hyrcanus II rules. Civil war breaks out between his forces and those of his brother Aristobulus II. 65 Pompey and the Roman army invade Syria and conquer Palestine. Rome: Birth of Horace (dies 8 B.C.), poet and satirist. He wrote Ars Poetica and Odes. 63 Judea: Pompey captures Jerusalem, annexes Syria and Judea. Aristobulus II, King of Judea, dies; Mithradates IV of Syria commits suicide; and Hyrcanus II becomes high priest of Judea. 61 Rome: Julius Caesar wins his first major victories, in Spain. 60 Triumvirate joint rule by three people) of Caesar, Pompey, and Crassus in Rome. 58 Caesar is appointed governor of Gaul, part of present day France. (The Gauls are a branch of the Celts.) 55 Caesar conquers northern Gaul and attempts unsuccessfully to invade Britain. 54 Second invasion of Britain by Caesar. Cassivellaunus, a powerful British leader, agrees to pay tribute to Rome. 53 Crassus is killed at battle of Carrhae against the Parthians.

52 Pompey appointed sole consul in Rome. Gauls rebel under their leader Vercingetorix, but are crushed by the Romans. 51 Caesar completes conquest of Gaul. Egypt: Cleopatra VII and her brother, Ptolemy XIII, become joint rulers of Egypt. 50 Rome: Rivalry between Caesar and Pompey comes to a head. Buddhism spreads along the Silk Road to China from India. 49 Senate orders Caesar to give up control of Gaul. He crosses the Rubicon into Italy to start civil war. Pompey flees to Greece. 48 Caesar defeats Pompey at Pharsalus in Greece. Pompey flees to Egypt. 47 Pompey is assassinated, possibly by order of Cleopatra. Caesar conquers Cleopatras enemies. Judea: Antipater becomes procurator of Judea; his son Herod becomes governor of Galilee. 45 Rome: Caesar defeats Pompey's son, Sextus, in Africa and crushes a mutiny in the Tenth Legion. He becomes virtual dictator of Rome. Caesar introduces Julian calendar and adopts his nephew, Octavian, as his heir. 44 Caesar is assassinated by a group of Romans led by Brutus and Cassius. 43 Rome: Second Triumvirate is formed by Octavian, Mark Antony, and Marcus Lepidus. Birth of Ovid, the poet who wrote Metamorphoses (dies 17 AD). Cicero, the orator, is put to death for denouncing Mark Antony. 42 Rome: Triumvirate defeats Brutus and Cassius at the battle of Philippi. 37 Judea: Reign of Herod the Great (to 4 BC). Rome: Triumvirate is renewed for five years. Mark Antony, already married to Octavia (the sister of Octavian), also marries Queen Cleopatra of Egypt. 36 Octavian's fleet defeats that of Pompey's son, Sextus. 32 Octavian declares war on Antony and Cleopatra. 31 Battle of Actium, at which Octavian defeats Antony and Cleopatra. 30 Antony and Cleopatra commit suicide. Octavian declares Egypt a Roman province. 27 Rome: Octavian given supreme power by the Roman Senate, thus effectively ending the Roman Republic. He takes the title Augustus and becomes the first emperor of Rome (to 14 AD). 15 Roman empire extended to the upper Danube. 12 Revolt in Pannonia (part of present-day Slovenia) quelled by Augustus' stepson, Nero. 5 Judea: Probable year of birth of Jesus of Nazareth, at Bethlehem. 4 Judea: Herod the Great dies; his kingdom is split between his three sons.

AD

5 Rome acknowledges Cymbeline King of Britain. China: Wang Mang establishes the short Hsin dynasty (to 23). 14 Rome: Augustus dies and is succeeded by Tiberius Caesar. 23 Rome: Birth of Pliny, writer (dies 79). 25 China: Reign of later Han dynasty (to 220). 26 Judea: Pontius Pilate is procurator (to 36). 27 Jesus is baptized by John the Baptist. 30 Crucifixion of Jesus. 31 Martyrdom of St. Stephen. 32 Saul is converted to Christianity and becomes Paul. 37 Rome: Tiberius dies and is succeeded by Caligula (to 41 AD). Judea: Herod Agrippa becomes king of northern Palestine. 41 Rome: Assassination of Caligula. Claudius becomes emperor (to 54 AD), 42 Mauretania (modern Morocco) becomes a province of Rome. 43 Britain: Romans invade under Aulus Plautius. China: Ma Yuan conquers Tonkin and Annam. 45 Paul begins his missionary journeys in the eastern Mediterranean to spread Christianity. China: Birth of Pan Chao, (sister of General Ban Chao), historian, poet, astronomer, mathematician, and educator (dies 115). 54 Rome: Claudius is assassinated; succeeded by Nero (to 68). 58 China: Emperor Ming Ti introduces Buddhism. 61 Britain: Boudicca (Boadicea) of the Iceni leads a revolt against the Romans. It fails and Boudicca dies. 64 Rome: Fire destroys the city of Rome. The Christians are blamed for it and they are subsequently persecuted. St. Peter is executed. 65 St. Mark's Gospel is written. 66 Jewish revolt against the Romans (to 70). 67 Martyrdom of St. Paul. 68 Rebellion in Rome. Nero commits suicide. 69 Rome: "Year of the Four Emperors:" Galba, Otho, Vitellius, and Vespasian. Vespasian defeats Vjtellius to become emperor of Rome (to 79). Founds Flavian dynasty of emperors. 70 Titus (Vespasian's son) destroys Jerusalem and suppresses Jewish revolt. First Diaspora (expulsion of Jews) takes place. St. Matthew's Gospel is written. 73 Jewish stronghold at Masada falls to the Romans. 74 China: General Ban Chao brings states of Turkestan to submission and opens silk trade to the Roman empire (to 94). 75 St. Luke's Gospel is written. 77 Britain: Agricola governs Britain (to 84). 78 India Second Kushan dynasty (to 96).