Nepali Coursebook

BasicLanguageTraining:PartOne
ListofcontentsBLT1
Introduction,AimsandObjectives
Syllabus
Lessonplan
Lesson1
Lesson2
Lesson3
Lesson4
Review1
Lesson5
Lesson6
Lesson7
Lesson8
Review2
Lesson9
Lesson10
Lesson11
Lesson12
Review3
Lesson13
Lesson14
Lesson15
Review4
2
nd
daydialogues:Asversion
2
nd
daydialogues:Bsversion
Listeningtexts:Lesson115
Appendix:
Verblist
Combinedvocabularylist
Listofpostpositions
Sentencestructurecharts
Verbconjugationcharts
Interrogatives,demonstratives,etc
Numerals
/home/j/Nepalo/nepali/ICOC/TrainingModules/BasicLanguage1/Materials/BLT1160503.doc
1
Introduction,AimsandObjectives
Materialshandedout
Coursebook
Thematerialcontains15lessonswithhomeworkassignments,4weeklyreviewlessons,seven
appendices:verblist,vocabularylist,listofNumerals,listofInterrogativesetc.,listofPostpositions,
sentencestructurechartsandasetofverbconjugationcharts.Prefixedtothematerialisasyllabusand
aimsandobjectivesforBasicLanguageTraining:PartOne.
Learningcontentsflashcards
Thelearningcontentsflashcardsareintendedtobeusedforpracticeactivitiesduringclassandfor
memorizationpracticeoutsideofclass
Devanagariflashcards
TheDevanagariflashcardsareintendedtobeusedbytheparticipantsoutsideofclassformemorization
practice
Numeralflashcards
Thenumeralflashcards(tobefilledoutbytheparticipantsinclass)areintendedtobeusedbythe
participantsoutsideclassformemorizationpractice
Devanagariposter
TheDevanagariposterisintendedtobehungintheparticipants'roomsandusedformemorization
practice.Itmightbeagoodideatostick'postit'labelswiththeRomanizedversionontoeach
Devanagaricharacterforinitialpractice
ABasicCourseinSpokenNepali
Thiscommerciallanguagecoursebookisintendedasareferenceworkfortheparticipantsduringand
aftertheMSlanguagecourses
Nepaliphrasebook
Thiscommercialphrasebookisintendedasausefulandhandypocketsizedbooktobeusedbythe
participantswheninneedoftherightphrase/wordinoroutsideofclass
Dictionaries
Muchinandoutsideclassworknecessitatestheuseofan(EnglishNepali)dictionary.TheNepali
EnglishdictionaryisarrangedalphabeticallyaccordingtoDevanagari,buttheentriesarealso
Romanized.
Coursebook:Lessonstructure
Title
Thetitleofthelessonsindicateswhichtopicthisparticularlessondealswith.Thelanguage(language
functions,vocabularyandgrammar)ofeachlessonisdependentonthetopic.
2
Learningcontents
Thelistoflearningcontentshasbeenculledfromthedialogueofthelesson.Theintentionisthatthe
participantsmemorizethelearningcontentsaspartofthehomework.
Someofthelearningcontentsarelanguagefunctions(howtogetthingsdonewithwords:tooffer
somethingtosomebody,toinvitesomebody,toapologize,toinsist,etc.),somearegrammatical
structures,somearespecialvocabulary.
Culture
Theculturalcomponentofeachlessonisinaccordancewiththelessontopic.
Tasks
MostlessonscontainaTasktobeperformedbytheparticipantsoutsidetheclassroom,butusually
duringclasstime.TheTasksareintendedtobeapracticalwayfortheparticipantstoactuallyusethe
particularlanguagelearnedeachdaywithNepalispeakingpeopleundermorenaturalconditions.The
Tasksarecarriedoutaspartofthereviewofthepreviousdayslessoninorderfortheparticipantsto
haveasgreatachanceaspossibletobereadyfortheTask.
PracticeDialogue
Thepracticedialogueisaminiversionofthedialogue(s).Thepracticedialoguewillbeusedinclass
afterthepresentationofthelearningcontentsofeachnewlesson.Itisintendedtobeafinalpracticeof
theday'snewmaterial.
Vocabulary
Aftereachdialoguethereisavocabularylistalphabeticallyorganized.Someofthelessonshave
additionallistsoftopicspecificvocabulary(daysoftheweek,typesofweather,tastes,colors,etc.).
Theselistsareintendedtobeusedforpracticeactivitiesandhomeworkassignments.
Dialogue
Inmostlessonstherewillbeaseriesofdialogues,thefirstofwhichisthesimplestversionandtheone
tobeworkedwithinclassandaspartofthehomework.Therestofthedialoguesareintendedasextra
materialforthoseparticipantswhofeellikegoingon.Thesedialogueswillgenerallynotbedealtwith
onawholeclassbasis.Theextradialoguescanalsobeusedafterthelanguagecourse,forexampleas
materialtoworkonwithaprivateteacherduringtheposting.ThedialoguesareinbothDevanagari
andRomanizationwiththeintentionthattheparticipantsfromtheverybeginningwillgetusedto
Devanagariandtherebymoreeffortlesslyandquicklywillbegintobeabletodecipherthemost
commonwords,justlikewedowhenwelearntoreadusingotheralphabets.
LanguageFocus
TheLanguageFocusconsistsofveryshortexplanationswithexamplesofallnewgrammaticalpoints
dealtwithineachlesson.Thispartisintendedtobeusedbytheparticipantsontheirown.Itwillnot
betakenupspecificallyduringclassunlesstheparticipantswanttodothis.Thispartcanalsobeused
asmateriallaterwithaprivateteacherduringtheposting.
Analysis
TheAnalysisconsistsofaseriesoflanguagequestionsintendedtomaketheparticipantsreflectonthe
natureoftheNepalilanguageoftenincomparisonwithotherlanguageswhichtheparticipantsmay
know.Thispartisintendedtobeusedbytheparticipantsontheirownandwillnotbedealtwithin
classunlesstheparticipantswanttodothis.
3
Homework
Eachlessonisfollowedbyhomeworkassignments.Theseassignmentsareofdifferenttypes:oral
memorizationofLearningContents,sentencewritingforpracticingthenewmaterial,learning
Devanagariandnumerals,preparingfortheTasks,shortparagraphwritinginthelaterlessonsfor
practicinguseofthelanguageinlongerstretches,'learningonyourown'activities(listeningand
lookingforrecognizablewords).Someofthehomeworkassignmentsaremarkedwithan*indicating
thattheyareoptional,orthattheparticipantscanchoosebetweentwodifferenttypesofassignments
(sentenceconstructionortranslationforexample)
2
nd
daydialogues
ThesedialoguesaretobefoundrightafterReview4.
For2
nd
dayreviewofeachlessonthereisadialoguedividedintotwoparts:oneforAandoneforB.
Thesedialoguesareintendedtobeusedinclassaspairworkinorderfortheparticipantstopracticethe
materialofthelessonsinamorefreeandrealisticway.
Listeningtexts
Thetextsreadbytheteacherinclasseverydayforlisteningpracticearetobefoundattheveryendof
thecorematerial,ieafter2
nd
daydialogues.Thesetextsmayprofitablybereadathomeafterthe
participantshavelistenedtotheminclass,buttheyshouldnotbestudiedbeforebeingusedinclass.
4
Aims
Enablingtheparticipantstocommunicateorallyonaverybasiclevelonthe
followingtopics:
Introductions,food,family,office,health,shopping,nature,climate,NGOs,
agriculture,education,andhis/herspecificareaofwork.
Equippingtheparticipantswithspecificvocabularyfordealingwith:
Numerals,weights,measures,money,time(months,daysoftheweek,theclock),
andquestions(interrogatives)
EnablingtheparticipantstoreadallDevanagaricharactersandsomefrequentwords
Ensuringthattheparticipantswillbegintodevelopanunderstandingoftheformal
aspectsofthelanguage(languageasasystem)aswellasanabilitytousethe
languagefunctionally
Raisingtheparticipantsawarenessoftheirownroleinlanguagelearning
Enablingtheparticipantstocontinuetheirlearningprocessontheirown
Raisingtheculturalawarenessofallinvolved
Languagelevelabilityobjectives
Oral
Range Hasaverybasicrepertoireofwordsandsimplephrasesrelatedtopersonal
detailsandparticularconcretesituations
Accuracy Showsonlylimitedcontrolofafewsimplegrammaticalstructuresand
sentencepatternsinamemorizedrepertoire
Fluency Canmanageveryshort,isolated,mainlyprepackagedutterances,with
muchpausingtosearchforexpressions,toarticulatelessfamiliarwords,
andtorepaircommunication
Interaction Canaskandanswerquestionsaboutpersonaldetails.Caninteractina
simplewaybutcommunicationistotallydependentonrepetition,
rephrasingandrepair
Coherence Canlinkwordsorgroupsofwordswithverybasicconnectorslike'and'or
'then'
Written
Reading AbilitytoreadallDevanagaricharactersincludingconjunct,halfcharacters
andnumerals.
Abilitytoreadmanyfamiliarwordsinfamiliarcontexts,themostfamiliar
wordswithoutcontext.
Abilitytoreadsimpleunknownwordswithhesitation
Writing AbilitytowriteallDevanagaricharacters
5
Syllabus
Lesson Topic Functions Languagefocus Vocabulary Culture
1 Introductions&
theClassroom
introducing
greeting
requesting
identifying
locating
questions,statements,
identification,location,
possessive,imperative,
negation,post
positions
interrogatives
personalpronouns
occupations
demonstratives
classifier:waTaa
numerals:110
politeness
2 Classactivities tellingtime verbs:root+ne time,daysofthe
week,interrogatives
numerals:1015
politeness
classroom
ethics
3 Restaurant/
FruitStall
requesting
describing
statinglikes&
needs
pricing
impersonalverbs
experiencer(+lai),
description,adjective,
adverb
food,tastes,
restaurantrelated
fruitstallrelated
numerals:1520
food,eating
(out)
street
vendors
tipping
4 Family talkingaboutage
andfamily
relations
verbconjugation
presenttense:hunu
existence,possession,
personalpronouns,
classifier:janaa
age,occupation,
familyrelated,
numerals:
10,20,30,40,50,
60,70,80,90,100
family,ways
ofliving,
politeness
Review
5 DailyActivities talking
aboutactions
andevents
verbconjugation:
presenttense,
participles,alternate
infinitive,verb
sequencing,modal
verbs
dailyactivities,
numerals:
2030
Devanagari:allthe
vowels:a,aa,i,ii,u,
uu,e,ai,o,au
daily
activities
6 Making
Appointments
talkingabout
actionsand
events
verb
conjugation:present
tense
meetingrelated,time
andcalendar,
numerals:3040
Devanagari:velarand
gutturalconsonants:
ka,kha,ga,gha,n
meetings,
workethics
6
7 Asking
Directions
askingfor/giving
directions,
askingfor/giving
permission
injunctive,possession
oflessimportant
items,verbswithpost
positions,composite
nouns
directions,spacial
relationships,
numerals:4050
Devanagari:allthe
vowelsigns:ka,kaa,
ki,kii,ku,kuu,ke,
kai,ko,kau
gettinghelp,
transport,
politeness
8 Health&
Feelings
talkingabout
healthand
feelings
conditionalphrase,
questionswithki,
verbsforfeelings
healthrelated,body
parts,feelings,
numerals:5060
Devabagari:palatal
consonants:cha,
chha,ja,jha,na
health,
feelings,
physical
modesty,
health
sector,
public
health
Review
9 Shopping buying,
bargaining,
orderingthings
made
verbconjugation:
futuretense,
qualificationof
adjectives,verbfor
personalopinion
shoppingrelated,
tailorrelated,
numerals:6070
Devanagari:retroflex
consonants:Ta,Tha,
Da,Dha,na
shopping,
ordering
thingsmade
10 Weather&
Nature
talkingaboutthe
weather,
comparing
verbconjugation:
presentcontinuous,
passive,comparative,
superlative
climate/nature
related,numerals:70
80
Devanagari:dental
consonants:ta,tha,
da,dha,na
nature,
national
feelings,
Nepal's
geography,
smalltalk
11 VisitingPartner
Organizations
introduducing,
talkingabout
plansand
experience
verbconjugation:
presentperfect,
pos.+neg.questions,
timephrase:
when/whiledaa(kheri)
workrelated:non
specific,numerals:80
90
Devanagari:labial
consonants:pa,pha,
ba,bha,ma
(N)GO,
localarea,
develop
mentwork/
worker,
politeness,
smalltalk
7
12 Farming talkingabout
farming,
starting/finishing
conversations
changenounto
adjective,instrumental,
purpose,conditional
clause
farmingrelated:non
specific,numerals:90
100
Devanagari:semi
vowels:ya,ra,la,va
ruralareas,
farming
Review
13 Education talkingabout
schools,talking
tochildren
verbconjugation:past
perfect,conjunction
(ki),alternativepast
tense,imperativelow
form
educationrelated
numerals:1000,
10.000,100.000,
1000.000
Devanagari:sibilants
andaspirate
consonants:sa,sha,
sa,ha,
andhalfcharacters
education,
politeness
14 JobSpecific:
Partner
Organization
talkingabout
jobsand
responsibilities,
numerals:5,15,25,
35,45,55,65,75,85,
95
Devanagari:special
conjunctcharacters:
ksa,jna,sra,tta,tra,
dya
workethics,
politeness,
(N)GO's
15 JobSpecific:
MSNepal
talkingabout
organizations
timephrase(when),
interrogatives,relative
pronounsnegatives,
demonstratives&
adverbs
jobspecific:
specialized,
Numerals:10100
Devanagari:other
conjunctcharacters
andspecial
characters
develop
mentwork
/worker
Review
8
LESSONPLAN
startingfromthesecondday
1 Reviewoflessonfrompreviousday:
1 Learningcontents:
20minutes
Pairwork
PracticetheLearningContentsusingtheflashcards
Changeroles
2 Vocabularypractice:
10minutes
Pairwork
Gothroughthevocabularylistsaftereachdialogue/text
Changeroles
3 2
nd
daydialogues:
30minutes
Pairwork
Practicethe2
nd
daydialogues(rightafterReview4).Eachpairhastodecidewhowill
beAandwhowillbeB.PreferablypeoplecontinuetobeAorBallthroughthecourse.
TeaBreak
4 Homework:
30minutes
Pairwork
Checkhomework
5 Listening:
30minutes
Wholeclass
Listenastheteacherreadsalisteningtext
thefirsttimetheteacherreadsslowlywithoutinterruptions
thesecondtimetheteacherreadswithinterruptionsfromtheparticipants,andthe
teacherexplains
thethirdtimetheteacherreadsalittlefasterwithoutinterruptions
NB!Thelisteningtextsareincludedinthecoursematerial(rightafter2
nd
day
dialogues),butthesetextsshouldonlybereadathomeandonlyaftertheyhavebeen
workedwithinclass
TeaBreak
2 Presentationofnewlesson:
60minutes
1 Thetopicofthelessonisintroduced
2 Learningcontents:Wholeclass
3 Practicedialogues:Pairwork
Practicethedialoguesinpairstwotimes,changingroles
4 Dialogues/text:Pairwork:Readandunderstandthedialogue(s)/text
9
5 Numerals:
Wholeclass&pairwork
Practiceoldandnewnumerals
Lunchbreak
6 Task:frompreviousdayslesson:
30minutes
Pairwork
Preparation:
PrepareandpracticetheTaskafewtimes,takingturns
Task:
GooutinpairstotheofficeorsomewhereelseanddotheTask
ReportbackanddiscusstheTask
3 Practice:
Wholeclass,pairwork&individualwork
1 Variousactivitiesaimedatbothfluencyandaccuracy
2 Grammarexplanationsandpractice
3 Devanagaripresentationandpractice
1
LESSON1
Introductions&theClassroom
Inthislessonyouwilllearnto:
1 askandanswerquestionsaboutnames
tapaaikonaamke ho?/meronaamRamho
you'snamewhatitis/mynameRamitis
=Whatisyourname?/mynameisRam
2 askandanswerquestionsaboutplaceoforigin
tpaaikodeshkun ho?/modeshDenmarkho
you'scountrywhichitis/mycountryDenmarkitis
=Wheredoyoucomefrom?/IcomefromDenmark
3 askandanswerquestionsaboutoccupation
tpaaikokaamke ho?/merokaamwakilho
you'sworkwhatitis/myworklawyeritis
=Whatisyourjob?/Myjobis
4 exchangegreetings
sanchaichha?/sanchai
OKitis/OK =Howareyou?/Imfine
5 getsomeone'sattention,andrespondtosomeonetryingtogetyourattention
Ramji /hajur
RamSir/Mam /Yes,Sir =Hey,Ram!/Yes?
6 askandanswerquestionsabouttheidentityofthings
yoke ho?/tyokalamho
thiswhatitis/thatpencilitis =Whatisthis?/Thatisapencil
7 askandanswerquestionsaboutthelocationofpeople/things
kalamkahaachha?/kalammechmaachha
pencilwhereitis/pencilchaironitis =thepencilisonthechair
8 askfor/orderthings,andrespondtoarequestforsomething
kalamdinus!/Linus!
pencilpleasegive/Pleasetake=MayIhavethe/apencil?/Hereyouare!
9 thanksomebody
dhanyabaad!
Thanks
10 askandanswerquestionsaboutthenumberofsomething
1
yahaakati waTaakalamchha? /yahaa6waTaakalamchha
herehowmanypiecespencilsthereis/Here6pieces pencilsthereis
=Howmanypencilsarehere?/hereare6pencils
11 saythatyoudon'tunderstand
maile bhujhina
IagentmarkerIdidn'tunderstand =Idontunderstand
12 askpeopletorepeat
pheribhannus!
againsay Pleaserepeat!
13 saythatyoudon'tknowsomething
malaaithaahaachhaina
metoknowledgeitisn't =Idontknow
14 Returnaquestion
tapaaini /tapaaikoni /tapaailaaini?
youhowabout/yourshowabout/toyouhowabout=Howaboutyou?
15 countfrom110
Culture:
Politeness
Task:
Talktosomeoneattheoffice
Introduceyourself(name,countryandoccupation)
Findouttheirnamesandoccupations
Giveyourphonenumbertothesepeople(oralandwritten)
Askfortheirphonenumber
Notedownandbringbacktoclass
Practicedialogues
1
A: MynameisWhatsyourname?
B: Mynameis.Whereareyoufrom?
A: Imfrom.Whataboutyou?
B: Imfrom.Whatisyourjob?
A: Myjobis.Whataboutyou?
B: Myjobis.
2
A: Hello
B: Hello
A: Howareyou?
B: Imfine,andhowaboutyou?
1
A: Imfine
3
A: Whereismypencil?
B: IdontknowOh,isthatyourpencil?
A: Pleaserepeat!Ididntunderstand
B: Isthatyourpencil?
A: Yes,pleasegiveittome!
B: Hereyouare!
A: Thanks
4
A: Hey,B!
B: Yes?
A: Howmanychairsarethereintheclass?
B: Thereare..chairsintheclass
Dialogue1:Greetingsandpresentations:name,country&job
-= --
A: namaste
-= --
B: namaste
= -= == -
A: meronaamLisaho
-+:+ - = + -
tapaaikonaamkeho?
= - = = = -
B: meronaamMarieho
= : -= + -
merodeshDenmarkho
-+:+ +- -
tapaaikodeshkunho?
= + - : -= + -
A: merodeshpaniDenmarkho
= += + -
merokaamshikchhyakho
-+:+ + = + -
tapaaikokaamkeho?
= += -+ = -
B: merokaamwakilho
--+ - = + -
wahaakonaamkeho?
--+ - = = -
A: wahaakonaamRamho
1
--+ : - =+ -
B: wahaakodeshDenmarkho?
- : -, --+ : - =+ - : -
A: hoina,wahaakodeshDenmarkhoina
-- + - += -
wahaakodeshNepalho
Vocabulary1

desh country
-
ho itis(identification)
- : -
hoina itisnot(negativeformofho).Sometimesusedfor'no'
+=
kaam work,job
+
ke what
+
ko markerforpossessive(sor'of')
+ -
kun which
=
mero my/mine
- =
naam name
-= --
namaste hello,goodbye
+ -
pani also
+
shikchhyak teacher
-+:
tapaai you
-+:+
tapaaiko your
--
wahaa he/she
--+
wahaako his/her(s)
1
- +=
wakil lawyer
Dialogue2:Greetings
-=--
A: namaste
-=--
B: namaste
== c
A: sanchaichha?
== , -+:=: -
B: sanchai,tapaailaaini?
== c
A: sanchaichha
Vocabulary2
-
ni andhowabout.(eg:Andhowaboutyou?)
= = c
sanchaichha? Howareyou?(Lit:IsitOK?)
= =
sanchai OK
Dialogue3:Lookingforthings,givingandtakingthings
= =
A: Ramji!
-=
B: hajur
= -+: + +- -
A: yotapaaikokitaabho?
-
B: ho
= +- + - c
A: merokitaabkahaachha?
-+:+ +- = == c
B: tapaaikokitaabmechmaachha
|, = = + - - , - =
A: eh,tyomerokitaabho,dinus!
=- =
1
B: linus!
+ =
A: dhanyabaad
Vocabulary3
c
chha itis(location,description),thereis(existence)
c-
chhaina itisnt(location,description),thereisnt(existence)
+ =-
dhanyabaad thanks
- =
dinus pleasegive
-=
hajur yes?(Lit:Sir)
=
ji honorificendingonnames
+-
kahaa where
+-
kitaab book
=- =
linus pleasetake
= =
mech chair
=-
tyahaa knowledge
=- c c -
tyahaachha/chhaina (someone)knows/doesntknow
=
tyo that
=
yo this
Dialogue4:Gettingpeopletorepeat
+= = , += = - =
A: peterji,kalamdinus!
+ ~ - = , = = ~ -
B: pheribhannus,mailebujhina
1
+= = -=
A: kalamdinus!
=- =
B: linus!
Vocabulary4
~ - =
bhannus pleasesay
+= =
kalam pen
= = ~-
mailebujhina Ididntunderstand
+
pheri again
Languagefocus
Possessivepronouns:
Singular Plural
1.person mero
My,mine
haamro
Our,ours
2.person tpaaiko
Your,yours
tapaaiharuko
Your,yours
2.personLOW
forchildren
timro
Your,yours
timiharuko
Your,yours
3.person wahaako
His,her,hers
wahaaharuko
Their,theirs
3.personLOW
forthings,childrenandanimals,
andforpeoplenotpresent
usko/yasko/tyasko
Its,his,her,hers
uniharuko
Their,theirs
Identificationverb:
Positive: Negative:
ho
Itis(something)
Eg:yokitaabho=thisisabook
hoina
Itisnot(something)
Eg:yokalamhoina=thisisnotapencil
1
Existence/locationverb:
Positive Negative
chha
Itexists/is(somewhere)
Eg:kitaabchha=thereisabook
kitaabTebulmaachha
=thebookisonthetable
chhaina
Itisnot/itdoesnotexist(somewhere)
Eg:kitaabchhaina=therearenobooks
kitaabTebulmaachhaina
=thebookisnotonthetable
ThedifferencebetweenIdentification,description,existence/locationmaybeexemplifiedinthisway:
kitaabho thisisabook (deterenbog)
kitaabchha thereisabook (dererenbog)
kitaabraamrochha bookisgood
Interrogatives:
Note: Allinterrogativesstartwiththeconsonant'k'
ke what
kun which
kahaa where
ko who
kasko whose
kasto how(issomething)
kasari how(todosomething)
kahile when
kina why
kati howmany
kataa where(withdirection)
Possessive:ko(of,'s):
PeterkodeshDenmarkho
PeterscountryDenmarkis
Possessiveismarkedbyaddingkotothenoun/pronoun
Note:mero,hamro,usko,timro
Postpositions:maa(on,at,in):
MSNepalKathmandumaachha
MSNepalKathmanduinis MSNepalisinKathmandu
Postpositionsarelikeprepositions,buttheyfollowthewordthey'belong'to:
English/Danish: onthetable
Nepali: thetableon =Tebulmaa
Imperatives:verbroot(=theverbwithoutnu)+nus:
kalamdinus(=di+nus)
pengive Pleasegivemethepen
Theimperativeisformedbyaddingnustotheverbroot
Thisformisthepoliteformoftheimperativeusedwithpeopleaddressedastapaai
Thenegativeversionoftheimperativeisformedbyprefixingnatotheimperative:
1
kalamnadinus
pennotgive Pleasedon'tgivemethepen!
ThepoliteimperativeinbothpositiveandnegativeformsaretheequivalentoftheuseoftheEnglish
'Please./Pleasedont..'
1
Classifierforthings:waTaa:
nauwaTaakalamdinus
9piecespengive Pleasegiveme9pens
Whencountingthings(9pens)oraskingaboutthenumberofsomething(howmanypens?=kati
waTaakalam)theclassifierwaTaaisobligatorybeforethenoun
Note:
euTaa=oneitem
duiTaa=twoitems
tinTaa=threeitems
Not:*ekwaTaa,*duiwaTaa,*tinwaTaa
Wordorder
YouwillnotethatNepaliwordorderisalmosttheexactoppositeofEnglish/Danish:
Tebulmaa5waTaakitaabchha
Tebulon5piecesbooksare =Thereare5booksonthetable
Analysis:
ComparewithDanishwherethisisrelevant:
Howcanyoutellthedifferencebetweenstatementsandquestionswithoutinterrogatives?
Whatisthedifferencebetween'ho'and'chha'?
DoesDanishmakeasimilardistinction?
Whatisthewordorderinaquestionwithaninterrogative(ke/kun/kahaa/ko)?
Whatdoes'postposition'mean?
DoesDanishhavepostpositions?
WhichlettersdoEnglish&Danishinterrogativesstartwith?
HowdoyouformtheimperativeofaDanishverb?
Howdothenumerals110comparewiththeirDanishcounterpartts?
DoyoufindanysimilaritiesbetweenNepaliandEnglish/Danish/otherlanguages?
2
LESSON1
Homework
1 MemorisethelearningcontentsofLesson1
*2 Translatethefollowingsentencesordonumber*7
1. Howareyou?
2. Thisisnotmybook
3. Mypencilisonyourbook
4. No,thatisnotyourpencil
5. Yesitis
6. WhatisPetersjob?
7. Whereishischair?
8. Onthetablethereare3pencils,therearealso2books
9. Howmanytablesarethereintheclass?
3 Writeashortdescription:
Writeasentencedescribingeachpersoninyourclassincludingtheteacher(s)
(Fx:PeterisfromDenmark,heisanurse)
4 PreparetheTask
5 Memorisethenumerals110
6 Listen
Listentotheradio/watchTV/listentopeopleanywhereandnotedownanywordsthatyourecognize
*7 Makesentenceswith:
1 kun
2 ho
3 hoina
4 ko
5 pani
6 kahaa
7 chha
8 maa
9 waTaa
10 chhaina
11 yo
12 ke
2
LESSON2
ClassActivities
1 askandanswerquestionsaboutthetimingofanevent
lunchkatibaje?/lunch12baje
lunchwhattime/lunch12o'clock =Whattimeislunch?/lunchisat12oclock
2 askforandtelltime
kati bajyo?/10bajyo
howmanydiditstrike/10itstruck =Whatsthetime?/Itis10oclock
3 askandanswerquestionswith'why'/'because'
kina?/kinabhane...
why/because.
4 askandanswerquestionsaboutplannedactivities
kahaajaane?/Nikitaajaane
wherego/Nikitago =Wherearewe/yougoing?/We/youaregoingto
5 talkaboutactionswithageneralsubjectusingtheunconjugatedformoftheverb
kasarijaane?/busmaajaane
howgo/busbygo =Howarewe/yougoing?/We/youaregoingbybus
6 countfrom1015
Culture:
Politeness
Classroomethics
Task:
Talktosomeoneattheoffice
askhim/herwhattimetheyeatlunch
whattimeitis(atthetimeoftheconversation)
Practicedialogue
A: Whattimeisitnow?
B: Itis..oclocknow
A: Whattimeislunch?
B: Lunchisat.oclock
A: Whereareweeating?
B: At..
A: Why?
B: Because.
A: Howdowegetthere?
2
B: By..
2
Dialogue1:Talkingabouttimeandfeelings
== +- = -c
A lunchkatibajehunchha?
=t - =
B saaDhe12baje
=-= +- =
A ahilekatibajyo?
=
B 10bajyo
== c== +- = -c
A chiyaachhuTTikatibajehunchhani?
=- =
B sawaa10baje
= +-- =
A oh..kastoraamro
+-
B kina?
==== +: ==
A alialithakaailaagyo
Vocabulary1
=-=
ahile now
====
aliali alittlebit
==
chiyaa tea
c ==
chhuTTi freetime,leave,holiday,break
-c
hunchha itis(ofgeneraloruniversalfacts)
+-- =
kastoraamro hownice
+- =
katibaje? whattime(isanevent)?=hvadtiderX?
+- =
katibajyo? whattimeisitnow?=hvaderklokken?
--
kholnu toopen
+-
2
kina why?
=t
saaDhe halfpast
=-
sawaa quarterpast
+: ==
thakaai laagyo (someone)feelstired
+=-
paaune quarterto
Dialogue2:Talkingaboutclassactivities
==- + + =-
A aaunesukrabaarkegarne?
+s -= =- =- - =-
B paaThreviewgarneanibaahirajaane
-= +-= =-
A reviewkahilegarne?
---
B bihaana.
- +-= =-
A baahirakahilejaane
== +c
B lunchpachhi
+- =-
A kahaajaane?
~a+
B bhaktapur
+= =-
A kasarijaane?
=:=
B gaaDimaa
|+= =
A ekdamraamro
Vocabulary2:
==-
aaune coming
=-
ani andthen
-
2
baahira outside
baar day
--
bihaana morning
|+= =
ekdamraamro verygood
=:
gaaDi car
=-
garnu todo
=-
jaanu togo
+-
kahaa where?
+-=
kahile? when?
+=
kasari? how?(withactions)
+c
pachhi after
+s
paaTh lesson
+-
sukrabaar Friday
Expressionsfortime
==
aaja today
-=
hijo yesterday
=--
asti thedaybeforeyesterday,sometimeago
~=
bholi tomorrow
=+
sadhai always
Daysoftheweek
=:-
aaitabaar Sunday
2
==
sombaar Monday
===
mangalbaar Tuesday
+
budhabaar Wednesday
-
bihibaar Thursday
+
sukrabaar Friday
-
sanibaar Saturday
Languagefocus
Time:
A: Lunchkati bajehunchha?
Lunchhowmanystrokesitis Whattimeislunch?
B: 12baje
12o'clock At12o'clock

ktibaje...=HvadtiderX?
12baje =Kl.12
A: Ahilekati bajyo?
Nowhowmanydiditstrike Whattimeisitnow?
B: 12bajyo
12itstruck Itis12o'clock
katibajyo=Hvaderklokken?
12bajyo=Klokkener12
Interrogative'how':kasari:
kasarijaane?
Howgo Howarewegoing?
kasariisaninterrogativemeaning'how'/'inwhichway'.Itisalwaysusedwithverbs,inquiringabout
thewayinwhichactionsareperformed.
Unconjugatedverbs:verbroot+ne:
2
kahaajaane?
Wherego =whereareyou/wegoing?
Theunconjugatedformoftheverbisusedwhenthesubjectisunspecificorgeneral.Itcorrespondsto
theEnglishyouandtheDanishman.Whenusingtheunconjugatedformoftheverbapronounis
notused.
Thisunconjugatedformisalsousedwhenlistingseveralactionsinarowaswellasforcreating
compoundnouns:
Khaanetebul=eatingtable(diningtable)
Analysis
1 HowdotheNepalinumerals1015comparewithDanish/English?
2 HowdotheNepalinumerals1015comparewith15?
3 HowdotheNepalinamesofthedaysoftheweekcomparewithDanish/English?
2
LESSON2
Homework
1. Whattimeisitnow?
2. Whenistheteabreak?
3. Howdoyou(ingeneral)go?
4. Whyistheteabreakat10?
5. Whereisthetea?
6. Theteaisnotonthetable
7. Imtired
8. Thisisnotagoodcar
9. You(ingeneral)doreviewaftertheteabreak
10. Whatdoyou(ingeneral)doonSaturdays?
3 PreparetheTask
5 Listen:
1 kahaa
2 kina
3 kahile
4 kasari
5 ko
6 kun
7 ke
8 kati
9 baje
2
10 bajyo
3
LESSON3
Restaurant/Fruitstall
1 askandanswerquestionsaboutlikes/dislikes
tapaailaaikeraamanparchha?/malaaikeraamanparchha/manpardaina
youtobananasitpleases/Itobananasitpleases/itdoesntplease
=doyoulikebananas?/Ilike/dislikebananas
2 askandanswerquestionsaboutneeds
tapaailaaikeraachaahinchha?/malaaikeraachaahinchha/chaahidaina
youforbananasitisneeded/Iforbananasitisneeded/itisn'tneeded
=doyouneedbananas?/Ineed/dontneedbananas
3 askforandgivedescriptionsofthings
keraakastochha?/keraa miThochha
bananahowisit/bananadeliciousitis
=howisthebanana?/thebananaisdelicious
4 askandanswerquestionsaboutavailability
keraa paainchha? /keraapaainchha/paaidaina
bananaisitavailable/bananaitisavailable/itisn'tavailable
=doyouhaveanybananas?/wehave/donthaveanybananas
5 askforandanswerquestionsaboutprice/totalamount
keraakati parchha?/keraa5rupiaparchha//
bananahowmuchitcosts/bananas5Rupiescost//
=whatsthepriceofbananas?/bananascost5Nrp//
jammaakati bhayo?
totalhowmuchdiditbecome
=whatsthetotal?
6 countfrom1520
Culture:
Food,eatingout,streetvendors,tipping
Task:
Asksomeoneattheoffice
whichkindsoffoodtheylike
whichkindsoffoodtheydislike
Notedownandbringbacktoclass
Practicedialogue
A: Doyouhaveany?
3
B: Yes
A: Howarethey?
B: ..
A: Howmucharethey?
B
A: Pleasegiveme..
B: Hereyouare.Doyouneed.also?
A: No,Idontlike..
B: Why?
A: Theyare..Howmuchalltogether?
B: ..rupia
A: Hereyouare
Dialogue:A&Bareeatingatarestaurant.Cisthewaiter.
AandBfirstdiscusswhattheywant,thentheyorder,andthentheytalkaboutthefood
-+:=: +- - =-c
A: tapaailaaikunkhaanaachaahinchha?
==: =~- =-c -+:=: -
B: malaaidaalbhatchaahinchha tapaailaaini
==: =~- =-+- -+ == == + c
A: malaaidaalbhaatmanpardainatarkaarialialipirochha
-+:=: ===- =-+c
B: tapaailaaichowmienmanparchha?
=-+c
A: manparchha
:
B: daai!
-=
C: hajur
-=-=: |+ == =~- |+ == ===- -=
B: haamiharulaaiekplatedaalbhaatraekplatechowmiendinus
+- ===- =-c -+
C: kunchowmienchaahinchha?tarkaari?
-+ ===- + c
A: tarkaarichowmienpirochha?
c-
C: chhaina
s+ c, |+ == -+ ===- -=
A: Thikchha,ekplatetarkaarichowmiendinus
== = +:c
B: Tuborgbeerpaainchha?
+:c
3
C: Paainchha
s+ c, : -= -= -=
B: Thikchha,duibotalTuborgbeerdinus
=~- + =s c ===- +-- c
A: daalbhaatdheraimiThochhachowmienkastochha?
===- == == === c
B: chowmienalialiamilochha
:
A: daai!
-=
C: hajur
=== +- ~=
A: jammaakatibhayo
- -=
C: 250dinus
=-=
B: linus
Vocabulary
=-+c
manparchha itpleases=(someone)likes
+-
kun which
=-c
chaahinchha itisneeded
=- -
chaahidaina itisnotneeded
-
khaanaa food
= ~-
daalbhaat nepalifood(ricewithlentilsandvegetablecurry)
=-+ -
manpardaina itdoesntplease=(someone)doesntlike
-+
tarkaari vegetable
====
aliali alittle
+
piro hot(taste)
3
===-
chowmien aChinesedish
:
daai olderbrother,aformofaddressingmenolderthanoneself
-=-
haamiharu we
+-
kun which
s+ c
Thikchha itisOK
+:c
paainchha isavailable
+
dherai very,alot,much
=s
miTho tasty,delicious
+--
kasto how
===
amilo sour
=== +- ~=
jammaakatibhayo howmuchintotal
Foodvocbulary
-=s
namiTho nottasty
+
keraa banana
-==
syaau apple
+=+=
phalphul fruit
===
guliyo sweet(taste)
Languagefocus
Impersonalverbs:manparchha&chaahinchha:
malaaikeraa manparchha/manpardaina
Itobananaplease/displease Ilike/dislikebananas
wahaalaaidaalchaahinchha/chaahidaina
He todaalisneeded/isn'tneeded Heneeds/doesn'tneeddaal
3
Impersonalverbsarealwaysinthe3rd.personsingular.Thesubjectisthething'liked'or'needed'.
Theperson'liking'or'needing'somethingisintheobliquecase(laai)
Chaahinchha/chaahidainaisactuallythepassiveformofaverb
Pronouns:
Singular: Plural:
1.person I ma we haami
2.person you tapaai you tapaaiharu
2.person
LOW
you timi you timiharu
3.person he/she
LOWit/he/she
this/that
wahaa
u
yo/tyo
they
LOWthey
these/those
wahaaharu
uniharu
yi/ti
Experiencerofimpersonalverbs:+laai:
tapaailaai ke manparchha?
Youto what itpleases
Experiencer+postpos. SubjectVerb Whatdoyoulike?
laai('to,for',apostposition)isaddedtotheexperiencer(theperson/entitywholikes/needs
something)ofanimpersonalverb.
Thesubjectoftheimpersonalverbisthethingthatisliked/needed
Descriptionverb:chha:
yosyaau guliyo chha
Thisapple sweet itis
Subject Predicate Descriptionverb
Adjective
=Thisappleissweet(ananswertothequestion:'Howisthisapple?')
Theverbchhaisusedfordescription:thepredicate(thewordthatdescribesthesubject)isan
adjective.
Identificationverb:ho:
yo syaau ho
This apple itis
Subject Predicate Identificationverb
Noun
=Thisisanapple(ananswertothequestion:'Whatisthis?')
Theverbhoisusedforidentification:thepredicate(thewordthatidentifiesthesubject)isanoun
Adverbs:
syaau aliali amilo chha
Applealittle sour itis =theappleisalittlesour
Theadverbalialiisplacedbeforetheadjective
Analysis
3
1 Comparemalaikhaanamanparchhawithmadensmagermig
Findthesubjectsofthetwosentences
2 HowdoyouindicatewhetheranounissingularorpluralinNepali?
3 HowdoyouindicatewhetheranounisdefiniteorindefiniteinNepali?
4 Howwouldyoutranslateyosuntalaaguliyochha?
5 Howwouldyoutranslateyoguliyosunatalaaho?
3
LESSON3
Homework
1. Peterlikesapples
2. Applesarefruits
3. Sweetapplesarenotavailable
4. Doyouneedbananas?
5. Whendoyou(general)eatlunch?
6. Nepalifoodisdelicious
7. Pleasegivethem3bananas
8. WhichNepalifoodisavailable?
9. Howmucharethebananas?
10. Howarethevegetables?
3 Writeaboutyourpersonaltasteinfood
4 Describethetasteof5fooditems(Fx.Applesaresour)
5 PreparetheTask
7 Listen:
Listentotheradio/watchTV/listentopeopleanywhereandnotedownanywordsthatyou
recognize
1 chaahinchha
2 laai
3 manpardaina
4 dherai
5 kasto
6 ali
7 kati
8 piro
3
9 kun
3
LESSON4
Family
1 askandanswerquestionsaboutmaritalstatus
tapaaikobihaabhayo?/merobihaabhayo/bhaekochhaina
you'sweddingwas/myweddingwas/wasnot
=Areyoumarried?/Yes,Iam/No,Iamnot
2 askandanswerquestionsaboutchildren(any/howmany/sex)
tapaaikochhorachhorichha?/
you'ssondaughterexist
=Doyouhaveanychildren?
mero2janaachhora/chhorichha/chhorachhorichhaina
my2personson/daughterexist/sondaughterdon'texist
=Ihave2sons/daughters/Idonthaveanychildren
3 askandanswerquestionsaboutage
chhori katibarsa?/chhori15barsa
daughterhowmanyyears/daughter15years
=Howoldisyourdaughter?/mydaughteris15yearsold
4 askandanswerquestionsaboutfamily
tapaaikopariwaarmaakatijanaachhan?/
you'sfamilyinhowmanypersonsare
=Howmanypeopleareinyourfamily?
meropariwaarmaa5janaachhan/aamaa,buwaa,etc.chha
myfamilyin5personsare/mother,father,etcare
=Inmyfamilythereare5people/Thereismymother,father,etc
5 askandanswerquestionsaboutnumberofpeople
katijanaa(chhori)chha?/3janaa
howmanypersons(daughters)are/3persons
=Howmany(daughters)arethere?/Thereare3
6 countfrom10100bytens(10,20,30,etc.)
Culture:
Family,waysofliving,politeness
Task:
Asksomeoneattheoffice
3
whetherhe/sheismarried
whetherhe/shehaschildren
whatgender,howmanyandhowoldhis/herchildrenare
Practicedialogue
A: Areyoumarried?
B: ..Andyou?
A: ..Doyouhaveanychildren?
B: ..Howaboutyou?
A: ..Howoldareyourchildren?
B: ..Howaboutyours?
A: ..Howmanypeopleareinyourfamily?
B: ..Howaboutyourfamily?
A: ..
Dialogue:Talkingaboutfamily
-- ~=
A: bihaabhayo?
~=, = =- += == c
B: bhayo,meroshrimandhulikhelmaachha
-+:+ -
tapaaikoni?
~|+ c-
A: bhaekochhaina
-+:+ c c c
tapaaikochhorachhorichha?
c, |+ =- c |+ =- c
B: chha,ekjanaachhoraaraekjanaachhorichha
c c +-
A: chhorachhorikatibarsa?
c , c
B: chhoraa10,chhori15
-+:+ =-+ += + -
A: tapaaikoshrimaankokaamkeho?
:+= -
B: doctorho
-+:+ c c +- c-
A: tapaaikochhorachhorikahaachhan?
+ === c-
B: dhulikelmaachhan
4
-+:+ +-= +- =- c-
tapaaikopariwaarmaakatijanaachhan?
==, ~:, -- =
A: aamaa,bhaai,bahinirama
= - - ---
merobuwaahunnuhunna
Vocabulary
==
aamaa mother

baa/buwaa father
--
bahini youngersister
-
barsa year
~|+ c-
bhaekochhaina here:'No,Imnotmarried'
~:
bhaai youngerbrother
-- ~=
bihaabhayo? Areyoumarried?
-
buwaa father
c
chhoraa son
c
chhori daughter
= :
daaju/daai elderbrother
didi eldersister
- - --
hunuhunna he/sheisnot,here:'hasdied'
=-
janaa classifierforpeople
+-
katibarsa? Howold(areyou)?
+- =-
katijanaa? Howmanypeople?
4
+-
pariwaar family
ra and
=-
srimaan husband
=-
srimati wife
Languagefocus
Classifierforpeople:janaa:
meroduijanaachhorichha
My2peopledaughtersexist (I)havetwodaughters
TheclaasifierjanaamustbeusedwheneverpeoplearecountedjustaswaTaaisalwaysusedwhen
countingthings
4
Verbconjugation:presenttense:hunu=tobe (am/is/are):
Existence/description
(Chha)
Identification
(Ho)
positive negative positive negative
singular
I ma chhu chhaina hu hoina
You tapaai hunuhunchha hunuhunna hunuhunchha hunuhunna
YouLOW timi chhau chhainau hau hoinau
He/she wahaa hunuhunchha hunuhunna hunuhunchha hunuhunna
It/he u chha chhaina ho hoina
plural
We hami(haru) chhau chhainau hau hoinau
You tapaaiharu hunuhunchha hunuhunna hunuhunchha hunuhunna
YouLOW timiharu chhau chhainau hau hoinau
They wahaaharu hunuhunchha hunuhunna hunuhunchha hunuhunna
They uniharu chhan chhainan hun hoinan
Note:
Thepresenttenseconjugationofhunuisusedasconjugationsuffixes(=endings)ofallotherverbsin
thepresenttense,forexamplegarchhu=Ido
'Tobe':hunu(ho(identification)&chha(existence&description)):
Identification: ho yomerokalamho
Thisismypencil
Existence: chha paanichha
Thereiswater
Possession: chha meroduijanaachhorichha
Ihavetwodaughters
Location: chha merokalamtabulmaachha
Mypencilisonthetable
Description: chha Denmarksaanochha
Denmarkissmall
Analysis
1 Doyouknowotherlanguageswithverbconjugation?
2 HowdotheycomparewithNepali?
3 Doyouknowotherlanguagewithtwoformsoftheverb'tobe'?
4 HowdotheycomparewithNepali?
5 WhatistheNepaliverbfor'tohave'?
6 Howdoesthiscomparewithotherlanguagesyouknow?
7 WhatisthesubjectofthesentenceMeroekjanaachhorichha?
8 Howwouldyousay'Ihaveahouse'?
4
LESSON4
Homework
1. Myyoungerbrotherisnotmarried
2. Myoldersisteris35
3. Thereare6peopleinhisfamily
4. Myyoungersistershusbandis25
5. Theyhave3children
3 Write5sentenceswiththeverbtobe=hunuinthepresenttensewithdifferent
subjects(I,you/he/she,it,we,they(low)),somepositiveandsomenegative
3 Paragraphwriting:
Writeadescriptionofyourfamily
4 PreparetheTask
5 Memorisethenumerals10100(bythetens:10,20,30,etc.)
6 Listen:
1 kasto
2 pariwaar
3 shriman
4 chori
5 bhayo
6 barsa
7 kati
8 janaa
4
REVIEW1
Lessons14
1 ReviewLesson4:
1 Learningcontents:
Pairwork
2 2
nd
daydialogue:
Pairwork
3 Homework:
Pairwork
4 Listening:
ListeningtextforLesson4
Wholeclass
2 ReviewLessons14:
1 Listening:
TeacherreadsthelisteningtextsforLessons13.
Studentslistenanddifficultpassagesarediscussedattheend.
2 Speaking:
Roleplay:
Groupsof3(onewaiter,twoguests)
Restaurant:
Theguestsdiscusswhatyoulike/dislike,why,whatyouwant.
Callthewaiter,askabouttheavailabilityandtasteofwhatyouwant.
Waiterresponds
Order
Discussthetasteofyourfood
Callthewaiterandpay
Changeroles
3 Numerals:
Teacherreadsatrandomaselectionofnumerals:120and30100(thetensonly)
Studentswritedown
Studentscheckinpairs
4 Listening/responding:
TaskfromLesson4
4
Lesson5
DailyActivities
1 askandanswerquestionsabout(re)currentactivities
tapaaikegarnuhunchha?/masaphaagarchhu
youwhatyoudo/IcleanIdo =Whatdoyoudo?/Iclean
2 putemphasisonsomething
sodhnusna
ask emphaticparticle =justask!
3 expressduration:fromto
bihaanadekhibelukaasamma
morningfromeveningto =Frommorningtoevening
4 describeasequenceofactionsusingtheconjunctiontyaspachhi
mapahilepaaniumaalchhu,tyaspachhithermosmaaraakhchhu/
IfirstwaterIboilthatafterThermosinIput
=FirstIboilwater,thenIputitinthethermos
5 describeasequenceofactionsusingtheparticiple:verbroot+era
paaniumaalerathermosmaaraakhchhu
waterboiledandThermosinIput
=IboilwaterandputitinthethermosOR:havingboiledwater,Iputitinthethermos
6 expresssurpriseathearingsomething
raamrorahechha!
gooditappears =Oh,thatsnice(tomysurprise)
7 usethepluralformfornouns
tyaspachhisabaikoThaaharusaphaagarchhu
thatafterallrooms cleanImake
8 indicatenecessity
malaaipaDhnuparchha
Iforstudyitisnecessary =Imuststudy
9 indicatedesire
mapaDhnachaahanchhu
IstudyIwant =Iwanttostudy
10 countfrom2030
4
11 readandwriteinDevanagari:allthevowels:a,aa,i,i,u,u,e,ai,o,au
Culture:
Officelife,dailyactivities
Task:
1 Asksomebodyattheofficetoname5thingstheydoduringthedayattheoffice
Writedownandbringtoclass
2 Whatwillyoubedoingatyourdutystation?
Thinkofsomethingsyouwillbedoing,andlookuptheverbsinadictionary
Writedownandbringtoclass
Practicedialogue
A: Whatdoyoudofrommorningtoevening?
B: InthemorningIfirstboilwaterforcoffee,thenIeatbreakfast,thenIgotoclass.Inthe
eveningIstudy
A: Oh,whatalotofwork!
Dialogue:Adayswork
-= -=--
A: Hariji,namaste
-=--
B: namaste
= -+:=: +- =- =-c
A: matapaailaaikehisodhnachaahanchhu
s+ c , =-= -
B: Thikchha,sodhnusna
-+: -- =+ === + + += =- -c
A: tapaaibihaanadekkibelukaasammakekekaamgarnuhunchha?
= -- +-= =+= -c, ==+c = +s- =+ =c, +-
B: mabihaanapahileofficekholchhu,tyaspachhisabaikoThaaharusaphaagarchhu,paani
=== == +-== rc =- ==+c = =c =+=+
umaalerathermosrafilTermaaraakhchhu,anityaspachhibajaarjaanchhu,raofficeko
== ==-- -==c
laagisaamaanharulyaauchhu.
== -
A: diusoni?
== = +=- =c, =+ + =+= =+ =- +c
B: diusoarukaamharugarchhu,rabelukapheriofficesaphaagarnuparchha
=, -+:+ + += -c
A: Ohtapaaikodheraikaamrahechha!
4
Vocabulary:
=
bajaar market
=+
belukaa evening
--
bihaana morning
=--
chaahanu towant
dekhi from
==
diuso afternoon
=-
jaanu togo
+= =-
kaamgarnu towork
+=
kaam work
--
kholnu toopen
+ ==
kolaagi for
+s
koThaa room
-==-
lyaaunu tobring
-
na emphaticparticle
+-
paani water
+-=
pahile first
+c
parchha itisnecessary,must
+
pheri again
r-
raakhnu toput
-c
4
rahechha itappears
==-
saamaan goods,things
=
sabai all
===
samma upto,until
=+ =-
saphaagarnu toclean
=-
sodhnu toask
s=
Thaau place
==+c
tyaspachhi afterthat,then
==--
umaalnu toboil
=
aru other,more(pluralofarko=another)
-
haru pluralmarker
+-
kehi something,some
=-
ani then
Languagefocus
Verbconjugationpresenttense:(garnu'do/does'):
Positive Negative
Singular
1.p.(I) ma garchhu gardina
2.p.(you) tapaai garnuhunchha garnuhunna
2.p.LOW(you) timi garchhau gardainau
3.p.(he/she) wahaa garnuhunchha garnuhunna
3.p.low(it,this,that) u/yo/tyo garchha gardaina
Plural
1.p.(we) hami(haru) garchhau gardainau
2.p.(you) tapaaiharu garnuhunchha garnuhunna
2.p.LOW(you) timiharu garchhau gardainau
3.p.(they) wahaaharu garnuhunchha garnuhunna
4
3.p.Low(they) uniharu garchhan gardainan
Infinitive:verbroot+na:
matapaailaaikehi sodhnachaahanchhu
Iyouto somethingask Iwant Iwanttoaskyousomething
Thenaformoftheinfinitiveisusedwhenaverbfunctionsastheobjectofanotherverb.Theverbin
thenaformisusuallyfollowedbyaconjugatedverb
Modalverb:chaahanu(want):
matapaailaaikehi sodhnachaahanchhu
Iyoutosomething askIwant Iwanttoaskyousomething
Theverbchaahanuisalwaysprecededbyanotherverbintheverbroot+naform.Chaahanuis
conjugatedinaccordancewiththesubjectforperson,numberandtense.
Theemphaticparticle:na
sodhnusna
askemphaticparticle =justask!
Theparticlenaornaiisplacedafterthewordonwhichtheemphasisisput
Postpositions:dekhi.samma,kolaagi&pachhi:
bihaanadekhibelukaasamma
morningfromeveningto frommorningtoevening
officekolaagisaamaanharu
officeforthings thingsfortheoffice
merolaagi
Myfor Formyuse,forme
Thepostpositionlaagiisalwaysprecededbyawordinthepossessiveform
tyaspachhithermosmaaraakhchhu
thatafterthermosin Iput afterthatIputitinthethermos
Participle:verbroot+e+ra:
Paaniumaalerathermosmaaraakhchhu
waterboiledandthermosinIput
=Iboilwaterandputitinthethermos OR:havingboiledwaterIputitinthethermos
Whenenumeratingseveralactionsinatemporalsequence,allbutthefinalverbmaybeputinthe
'participleform'e
Theraisactuallytheword'and'
Modalverb,impersonal:parchha(itisnecessary,must):
officesaphaagarnuparchha
officecleanmakeitisnecessary Itisnecessarytocleantheoffice
Parchhafollowstheinfinitiveform(nu)ofanotherverb.Parchhaisalwaysinthe3rd.personsingular,
anditresemblestheimpersonalverbsinthisway,butparchhaisalwaysprecededbyanotherverb.
Theperson/entitythatmustdosomethingisintheobliqueform(laai)ortheagentiveform(le)
malaai/maile NepaalipaDhnuparchha
Ito/IagentmarkerNepalistudyitisnecessary
=ItisnecessaryformetostudyNepali/ImuststudyNepali
5
Pluralformofnouns:haru
diuso arukaamharugarchhu
Afternoonotherwork Ido
Thepluralformofthenounisconstructedbyaddingharuafterthenoun.Itisnotobligatorytoadd
thisending,thesingularformofthenounmayalsofunctionasaplural
Analysis
ComparewithDanish/otherlanguageswherethisisrelevant
1 Howdoyouenumerateseveralactionsinatemporalsequenceinotherlanguagesyouknow?
2 WhatistheparticipleinDanish/English?
3 WhatistheparticipleusedforinDanish/English?
5
Lesson5
Homework
1. Doyouwanttoboilwater?
2. Hecleansthetablesinthemorning
3. IworkandthenIgotothemarket
4. Oh,itseemstherearealotofrooms
5. Havingcleanedthechairstheybringthemtoclass
6. Shemustputthebooksonthetable
3 Make5sentenceswithdifferentverbsinthepresenttensepositivewithdifferentsubjects
(I,you/he/she,it,we,they(low))
4 PreparetheTasks
5 Memorisethenumerals:2030
6 MemoriseDevanagari:allthevowels:a,aa,i,i,u,u,e,ai,o,au
7 Listen:
recognize
8 Read:
TrytoreadsomewordsanywherearoundyouwritteninDevanagariscriptandnotethemdown
1 verb+chaahanu
2 dekhi...samma
3 kolaagi
4 tyaspachhi
5 era
6 nuparchha
5
Lesson6
MakingAppointments
1 indicatethatyouwanttosaysomething
Xji
XSir/Mam =Mr./Ms.X!
2 indicatethatyouarereadytolisten
bhannus!
Speak =Yes,whatisit?
3 askforsomeone'sopinionandgiveyouropinion
tapaaikobichaarmaakastochha?/merobichaarmaaraamrochha
you'sopinioninhowitis/myopinioningooditis
=howisitinyouropinion?/Inmyopinionitisgood
4 askfor/suggestsuitabledatesforsomething
kahilemeetingraamrohunchhaholaa?/bihibaar/5taarikhkastohunchhatapaailaai?
whenmeetinggoodisperhaps/Thursday/5datehowisityoufor
=Whenwouldbeagoodtimeforameeting?/Thursday/the5
th
howisthatforyou?
5 expressafact
raamrohunchha
good itis
6 expressuncertainty
tyodinSudhaaaunuhunnaholaa
ThatdaySudhacomesnotperhaps =Sudhawillperhapsnotbecomingthatday
7 respondfavorablytosuggestions
has/hunchha
OK/OK
8 askandanswerquestionsaboutdateandtime
bihibaarkuntaarikhho?/5taarikhho
Thursdaywhichdateitis/5dateitis =WhichdateisThursday?/Itisthe5th.
9 makecompositenouns
aaunemahinaa
comingmonth
10 countfrom3040
11 readandwriteinDevanagari:allthevelarorgutturalconsonants:ka,kha,ga,gha,nga
5
Culture: Meetings
Task:
Trytosetupanactualmeetingwithsomeoneattheoffice
Practicedialogue
A: Mr./Ms.B!
B: Yes?
A: Inyouropinion,whenwillbeagooddayforourmeeting?
B: HowisWednesday?
A: WhatdateisWednesday?
B: ..
A: Oh,thatdayIhaveanothermeeting.Whataboutnextmonth
B: Whichdate?
A: The14
th
?
B: Whichdayisthat?
A: Tuesday
B: Whattime?
A: Is9oclockOK?
B: OK
Dialogue:Settingupameeting
- =,
A Shivaji
~-=
B bhannus
|== ==z =-+c, -+:+ == +-= = -c -=
A euTaameetinggarnuparchha,tapaaikobichaarmaakahileraamrohunchhaholaa?
=+ --+ - +-- -c -+:=:
B. arkohaptaakobihibaarkastohunchhatapaailaai?
=+ -- + - - -
A. arkobihibaarkuntaarikhho?
-
B 15taarikh
=,= - - = =+ ==z c , =+ =-- = - -
A. ohtyodintameroarkomeetingchha,arkomahinaamaahudaina?
==- =--+ =-= -- -c
B aaunemahinaakoantimhaptaahunchha?
= +- - -
A tyokundinho?
+ -
B sukrabaar10taarikh
5
+- =
A katibaje?
-- = -c
B bihaana10bajehunchha?
-c
A hunchha.
Vocabulary:
==-
aaune coming
==-
aaunu tocome
=-=
antim last(ofaseries)
=+
arko next,another(plural:aru)
~-
bhannu totell
=
bichaar opinion
---
bihibaar Thursday
-
din day
--
haptaa week
-=
holaa perhaps
- -
hudaina itisnot(usedforstatingfacts),itisnotOK
-c
hunchha itis(usedforstatingfacts),itisOK
+-=
kahile when
+--
kasto how
+- =
katibaje whattime
+-
kun which?
5
=--
mahinaa month
-
taarikh date(whenusingtheWesterncalendar)
Languagefocus
Verbexpressinguniversalfact:hunccha:
haatti Thulo hunchha
Elephant big is elephantsarebig
Positiveresponse:has(highform)/hunchha(lowform):
A: raamrochha? Isthatgood?
B: has/hunchha/hudaina Yes,indeed/Yes,OK/No,itisnotOK
Postposition:kobaaremaa:
Nepalkobaaremaameetingchha
Nepalsaboutmeetingthereis ThereisameetingaboutNepal
5
Compositenouns:verbroot+ne+noun:
aaunemahinaa
Comingmonth
Acompositenouncanbecreatedbyusingtheunconjugatedformoftheverbinfrontofanoun
Ordinalnumbers
1st.pahilo
2nd.dosro
3rd.tesro
4th.chautho
5th.paachau
6th.chhaiThau
7th.saatau
8th.aaThau
9th.nawau
10th.dasau
11th.eghaarau
12th.baarau
13th.terhau
14th.chaudhau
15th.pandhrau
16th.sorhau
17th.satrau
18th.aThaarau
19th.unnisau
20th.bisau
21st.ekkaaisau
22nd.baaisau
23rd.teisau
24th.chaubisau
25th.pachchisau
30th.tisau
40th.chaalisau
50th.pachaasau
100th.sayau
1000th.hajaarauh
5
Lesson6
Homework
1. Ihaveameetingnextmonth
2. InouropinionSundayisnotaworkingday
3. Hesayshisopinionatmeetings
4. Whatisthemeetingabout
5. Pleasebringallthechairstothemeeting
6. Kathmanduisnice
7. Isthistheroomforthemeeting?
8. Afterthemeetingtheyeat
3 Make5sentenceswithdifferentverbsinthepresenttensenegativewithdifferentsubjects(I,
you/he/she,it,we,they(low))
4 Makequestionswith:
1 ko
2 kun
3 ke
4 kahile
5 kahaa
6 kati
7 kasto
8 kina
9 kasko
10 kasari
5 PreparetheTask
7 MemoriseDevanagari:allthevelarorgutturalconsonants:ka,kha,ga,gha,n
8 Listen:
recognize
9 Read:
5
1 hunchha(universalfact)
2 kobaaremaa
3 bichaar
5
Lesson7
Askingdirections
1 askandgivepermissiontospeak
euTaakuraasodhu?/sodhnusna!
Onethingletmeask/askjust =MayIaskaquestion?/Pleaseask!
2 askandanswerquestionsaboutthelocationofplaces
Internationalclinickahaachha?/
InternationalClinicwhereisit/
InternationalcliniceuTaaThulosetoDhokaakoagaaDichha
InternationalCliniconebigwhitegates infrontofitis
=TheInternationalClinicisinfrontofabigwhitegate
Thamelkataatiraparchha?/ThamelMSNepalbaaTauttartiraparchha
Thamelwhichdirectionisit/ThamelMSNepalfromnorthdirectionitis
=InwhichdirectionisThamel?/ThamelisnorthofMSNepal
3 askandgivedirections
airportkasarijaaneholaa?/MSNepalbaaTabaayaatirajaanus!
Airporthowgomaybe/MSNepalfromleftdirectiongo
=Howdoyougettotheairport?/Turnleftat/fromMSNepal
4 askandanswerquestionsaboutdistance
airportMSNepalbaaTaTaaDhaachha?/chhaina,najikchha
AirportMSNepalfromfarisit/itisn'tnearitis
=IstheairportfarfromMSNepal?/No,itsnear
5 askwhethersomebodyisgoingsomewhere
jaanehohajur?
goisitSir/Mam =Areyougoingsomewhere?
6 requestarideinataxi
malaaiairportjaanuparchha
Iforairportgoisnecessary =Imustgototheairport
7 givedirectionstoadriverasyouproceed
sojho(na)jaanus/daayaa/baayaatira(na)jaanus/laabaroknus!
straight(don't)go/right/leftdirection(don't)go/OKnowstop
=(Dont)gostraight/(dont)goright/left/stopnow!
8 askandanswerquestionsaboutpossession
tapaaisangapaisaachha?/masangapaisaachha/chhaina
youwithmoneyexists/Iwithmoneyexists/doesn'texist
6
=Doyouhaveanymoney?/I(dont)haveanymoney
6
9 askforandgivepermissiontodosomething
jaauhai?/has/hunchha
letmegoOK/OK/OK =MayIgo?/OK
10 stopsomebodyfromdoingsomething
najaanus!
don'tgo
11 listtwoactionsinatemporalsequence
ThulosetoDhokaaaaepachhibaayaamoDnus
big whitegatecomeafterleft turn
=turnleftafterthebigwhitegatehasappeared
12 describepaststatesorchangesinstates
katirupiyaabhayo?
howmanyNpsitbecame
13 countfrom4050
14 readandwriteinDevanagari:allthevowelsigns:ka,kaa,ki,ki,ku,ku,ke,kai,ko,kau
Culture: Gettinghelp,transportation,politeness
Task:
Asksomeoneattheofficefordirectionstoaplaceyouactuallyknowwhereis
Practicedialogues
1
A: WhereisTheRoyalPalace?
B: Itisnorthofhere
A: Howdoyougetthere?
B: Youturnleftatthegate
A: Isitfarfromhere?
B: No,itsnear
2
A: Taxi,IhavetogotoTheBritishCamp
B: Whereisthat,Idontknow
A: Turnright,gostraight,turnleft,dontturnright.Stop!Howmuchwillitbe?
B: 110rupia
A: Hereis200rupia
B: Doyouhave10rupia?
A: Yes,here
Dialogue1:GettingdirectionstotheInternationalClinic
===, |== + =+
A Jayaaji,euTaakuraasodhu?
6
=-= -
B sodhnusna
==: == =- c, = +-- +c
A malaaiaaja'internationalclinic'jaanuchha,yokataatiraparchha?
= = =a - +c
B yoMSNepalbaaTauttartiraparchha
+= =- -=
A kasarijaaneholaa?
-+: + t+= =- =+=~ =-= ==+c |== ==
B tapaaiMSkoDhokaabaaTabaayaatirasidhaa(sojho)jaanus,tyaspachhieuTaachaubaaTo
==c =-= =- =~ =-= =- + =+ == ==c =-
aauchha,tyahaabaaTabaayaatirasojhojaanus,tyahaapheriarkochaubaaToaauchha,tyahaa
= =, =, -=-= =~ =-= = - |== s = =- t+
==c
baatadaayaabaayaanajaanus,sojhojaanus,daayaatiraeuTaaThulosetoDhokaaaauchha,
==+ ==: =- =- = c = = =-=
=+
tyaskoagaaDibaayaatira'Internationalclinic'jaanebaaTochha.tyobaaTojaanus.baaToko
=- c
baayaatira'clinic'chha.
== - + =- c, + =-
A ohyotadheraigaahaarochha,kegarne?
-+:== -+= += c
B tapaaisangaNepalipaisaachha?
c
A chha
==~| ==+= =| =-=
B tyasobhae'taxi'lierajaanus
-=, = + s+ c
A has,yokuraaThikchha
Vocabulary1:
==
aaja today
==-
aaunu tocome
==:
agaaDi infrontof
=+
arko another
6
=
baaTa from
=
baaTo road
=
baayaa left
c - +c
chha=parchha itisnecessary
==
chaubaaTo intersection,crossroad
=
daayaa right
t+
Dhokaa door,gate
=
gaa(haa)ro difficult
-=
holaa perhaps,maybe
+- -
kataatira whichdirection
+ =-
kegarne? whatisonetodo?
+
kuraa thing,talk
=-
linu totake
+=
Paisaa money
+c
parchha is(location=chha)
==
sanga with
=-
seto white
=+ =~
sidhaa(sojho) straight
=-
sodhnu toask
-
tara but,however,though,asfor
6
s=
Thulo big
-,
tira direction
=-
tyahaa there
=-+
tyasko=tyo+ko ofthat
==~|
tyasobhae ifthatisso,inthatcase,then
== +c
tyaspachhi afterthat,then
=a
uttar north
Dialogue2:Givingdirectionstoataxidriver
==+=
A .taxi..
=- - -=
B jaanehohajur?
-, ==: =- c
A ho,malaai'Internationalclinic'jaanuchha
|= +-- +c ==: - c-
B eyokataatiraparchhamalaaithaahaachhaina
+ =t c- -=+ c ==, = -+:=: =c, =~ =-= =
A dheraiTaaDhaachhaina,najikchhajaau,matapaailaaidekhaauchhu,sojhojaanusaba
= = = -, + == =-= + s= =- t+ =|+c
==+
mandirbaaTabaayaatira,pherisojhojaanus,darbaarkoThulosetoDhokaaaaepachhi,tyasko
==: =- =- = c = =t-== = +-=
agaaDibaayaatira'clinic'jaanebaaTochha,baayaamoDnus..laabaroknus
=:+= +=, +- += ~=
'clinic'aaipugyodhannyabaad,katirupiyaabhayo?
+=
B 50rupiyaa
=-=, == -
A linus,jaauhai
-=
6
B has
Vocabulary2:
=|+c
aaepachhi afterhavingcome(aaunu+epachhi)
=:+-
aaipugnu toarrive
=:+=
aaipugyo itarrived(pasttense)
=
aba now
==:
agaaDi infrontof
=
baaTo road
-
darbaar palace
=-
dekhaaunu toshow
==
jaau letusgo
+- -
kataatira whichdirection
=
la ok
=
mandir temple
=t-
moDhnu toturn
-=+
najik close
+-
roknu tostop
=t
TaaDhaa far
- c-
thaahaachhaina Idon'tknow
=-+
6
tyasko =tya+ko ofthat
Languagefocus
Verbconj.pasttense:hunu(was/were/became)
Hunu:existence
(chha)=was/were
Hunu:identification
(ho)=became
singular positive negative positive negative
1.p.(I) ma thie thiina bhae bhaina
2.p.
(you)
tapaai hunuhunthyo hunuhunnathyo/
hunuhunthiena
hunubhayo hunubhaena
2.p.
(you)
LOW
timi thiyau thienau bhayau bhaenau
3.p.
(he/she
wahaa hunuhunthyo hunuhunnathyo/
hunuhunthiena
3.p.(it)
Low
u/yo/tyo thiyo thiena bhayo bhaena
Plural
1.p.
(we)
hami(haru thiyau thienau bhayau bhaenau
2.p.
(you)
tapaaiharu hunuhunthiyo hunuhunnathiyo
/hunuhunthiena
2.p.L.
(you)
LOW
timiharu thiyau thienau bhayau bhaenau
3.p.
(they)
wahaaharu hunuhunthiyo hunuhunnathiyo/
hunuhunthiena
3.p.L.
(they)
uniharu thie thienan bhae bhaenan
Askingpermission:Verbroot+u+hai:
aauhai?
comeOK? MayIcomein?
euTaakuraasodhu?
Onethingletmeask MayIaskyouaquestion?
Thisisaninformalwayofaskingpermission.Itisactuallytheinjunctive:'letmecomein/ask!',but
addinghaichangesthemeaningtoaninformalrequest.
Thepluralletsgo!isformedbyaddingautotheverbroot:jaaau
Verb+postposition:Verbroot+e+pachhi:
khaaepachhipaDhnuparchha
eatafterstudy itisnecessary Aftereatingitisnecessarytostudy
Thepostposition(e)pachhicanbeusedtolinktwoactionstogetherinatemporalsequence
6
Compositenouns:Verbroot+ne+noun:
jaanebaaTo
Go road road
khaanetabul
Eat table diningtable
Compositenounsareformedbycombiningaverbinitsneformwithanoun
Possessionofmoveable(=smallish)objects:postposition:sanga/sitaa:
masanga/sitakalamchha
Iwithpenexists Ihaveapenwithme
But:
merochhorachha
mysonexists Ihaveason
Analysis
ComparewithDanishwherethisisrelevant
1 Howistheimperativeformedinthelanguagesyouknow?
2 Howisthenegativeformoftheimperativeformedinthelanguagesyouknow?
3 Howdoyouaskpermissioninthelanguagesyouknow?
4 Howdoyouuseaprepositionwithaverbinthelanguagesyouknow?
5 Howdoyoumakecompositenounsconsistingofaverb+anouninthelanguagesyouknow?
6 Isthereadifferencebetweenpossessionofdifferentthingsinthelanguagesyouknow?
6
Lesson7
Homework
1. Letmesaysomething
2. Turnleftaftertheclinichasarrived!
3. Doyouhaveapen?
4. HebecameadoctorintheUS
5. IwasateacherinDenmark
6. TheclinicistotherightoftheCityCafe
7. Thereisacarinfrontofthegate
8. HowdoyougotoThamelfromhere?
3 Make5sentenceswiththeverbtobe=hunuinthepasttensewithdifferentsubjects(I,
you/he/she,it,we,they(LOW)),somepositiveandsomenegative
4 Make5compositenouns(verb+noun)
5 PreparetheTask
7 MemoriseDevanagari:allthevowelsigns:ka,kaa,ki,kii,ku,kuu,ke,kai,ko,kau
8 Listen:
9 Read:
1 Verbroot+u+hai
2 Verbroot+e+pachhi
3 sanga
4 daayaa
5 taaDhaa
6 moDhnu
6
7
Lesson8
Health&Feelings
1 inquireintoanddescribephysicalandemotionalstates
kastochha?/malaainindraalaagyo/meropeTdukhyo
howisit/Itosleepyitfelt/mystomachithurt
=Howareyou?/Ifeelsleepy/mystomachhurts
tapaailaaikebhayo?/meropeTdukhyo
youtowhathappened/mystomachithurt
=Whathappenedtoyou?/Mystomachhurts
2 askandanswerquestionsabouttheonsetordurationofphysicalandemotionalstates
kahiledekhipeTdukhyo/nindraalaagyo?/hijo dekhipeTdukhyo/nindraalaagyo
whenfromstomachithurt/sleepyitfelt/yesterdayfromstomachithurt/sleepyitfelt
=Sincewhenhasyourstomachbeenhurting?/haveyoubeenfeelingsleepy?
/mystomachhasbeenhurting/Ihavebeenfeelingsleepysinceyesterday
3 askfor,offerandrespondtoadvice
kegarne?/paani(na)khaanus!/has,matyasaigarchhu
whatdo/water(don't)eat/drink/OKIlikethatIdo
=WhatcanIdo?/(Dont)eat/drinkwater/OK,Illdothat
4 asklessdirectquestions
aaunuhunchhaki?
youcomeor =Doyouthinkyouarecoming?
5 expressconditionalsituations
peTdukhyobhane,umaalekopaanikhaanus!
stomachithurtifboiledwaterdrink
=Ifyourstomachishurting,thendrinkboiledwater
6 expresscausativeeffects
ausadhile nindraalaagchha
medicineagentmarkersleepyitmakesfeel =Medicinemakesyoufeelsleepy
7 agreetofollowsomeadvise
has,matyasaigarchhu,dhannyabaad
OK,IlikethatIdo,thanks
8 countfrom5060
9 readandwriteinDevanagari:allthepalatalconsonants:cha,chha,ja,jha,na
Culture:health,feelings,physicalmodesty,healthsector,publichealth
7
Practicedialogue
A: Howareyou?
B: Mystomachhurts
A: Sincewhenhasitbeenhurting?
B: Since.
A: Whatdidyoueat?
B: Fruit,whatistheretodo?
A: Drinkboiledwater
B: OK,Illdothat
Dialogue:Atthedoctors
-=--, :+=
A namaste,Doctor
-=--, ==- =, --=, -+:=: + ~=
B namaste,aaunus,basnustapaailaaikebhayo?
==: -= + += r= ==== ==++- r=
A malaaihijodekhidheraipeTdukhyoraalialiTaaukopanidukhyo
-= + + - - ~=
B hijokekekhaanaakhaanubhayo?
-= === -== =| =- - | =- - - += r=
A hijosaathisangha'resturant'gaeratyahaakhaanaakhaaeaniraatidekhinaipeTdukhyo.
|,+=, == +- -~=
B ekaachosalaadpanikhaanubhayo?
-, +- s= -=== +- + = == =+ - -
A ho,kinaThulohotelmaapanikaachosalaadsaphaahudaina?
= == - -
B merobichaarmaahudaina.
= + =-
A abakegarne?
= -+:=: =+ c, = -= s+ -c -= - ===+ +-
B matapaailaaiausadhidinchhu,yokhaanusThikhunchhaholaataraumaalekopaani
=+ -=
maatrakhaanus.
s+ c -, = =+= - =c +, ==: =+= =- +c
A Thikchha,tarayoausadhilenindraalaagchhaki,malaaiofficejaanuparchha?
==== - =c - + - == ~- ~= =+ ==== =+
-=
B alialinindraalaagchha,taradherainindraalaagyobhane,bholiaadhaaTabletmaatrakhaanus
-= = == =c, +=
A hasmatyasaigarchhu,dhannyabaad
7
Vocabulary:
=+
aadhaa half
= +
ausadhi medicine
--
basnu tosit,tostay,tolive
~-
bhane if
~=
bholi tomorrow
-=
bichaar opinion
r- , r=
dukhnu/dukhyo tohurt/ithurt
=|
gae Iwent(pasttenseofjaanutogo)
-=
hijo yesterday
- -
hudaina itisnot(negativeofhunchhausedforuniversalfacts)
+=
kaacho raw,uncooked,unripe
+
ki or
=-, ==
laagnu/laagyo tofeel/itfelt
=+
maatra only
-
nai emphaticparticle
-
nindraa sleepy
+ =
peT stomach
-
raati night
==
sanga with
=+
7
saphaa clean
=
saathi friend
==+
Taauko head
-
tara but
=-
tyahaa there
==--
umaalnu toboil
===+
umaaleko boiled
7
Languagefocus
Verbconjugationpasttense:garnu(did)
Singular Positive Negative
1.p.(I) maile gare garina
2.p.(you) tapaaile garnubhayo garnubhaena
2.p.LOW(you) timile garyau garenau
3.p.(he/she) wahaale garnubhayo garnubhaena
3.p.low(it) usle/yole/tyole garyo garena
Plural
1.p.(we) haami(haru)le garyau garenau
2.p.(you) tapaaiharule garnubhayo garnubhaena
2.p.LOW(you) timiharule garyau garenau
3.p.(they) wahaaharule garnubhayo garnubhaena
3.p.low(they) uniharule/yile/tile gare garenan
Subjectoftransitiveverbsinthepasttense:+le:
tapaaile kegarnubhayo?
youagentmarkerwhatyoudid Whatdidyoudo?
Thesubject(=thepersonorthingdoingtheaction)ofatransitiveverbinthepasttensemustalwaysbe
followedbyle
Atransitiveverbisaverbwhichtakesanobject(whatdidyoudo?:whatistheobjectofdo)
Verbforfeelingpain:dukhnu:
meropeT dukhyo
mystomachhurt(pasttense) Mystomachhurts
Theverbdukhnutohurtisgenerallyusedinthepasttensetodenoteapresentcondition
Thesubjectoftheverbdukhnuisthepartofthebodywhichhurts
Verbforotherfeelings:laagnu:
malaainindraalaagyo
Itosleepyitfelt(pasttense) Ifeelsleepy
Theverblaagnutofeelisgenerallyusedinthepasttense todenoteapresentcondition
Theverblaagnuisanimpersonalverb
Itisalwaysinthe3rd.personsingularandinthesensetofeelalwaysinthepasttense
Thepersonexperiencingthefeelingisintheobliqueform(laai)
Pastparticiple:verbroot+eko:
umaalekopaanimaatrakhaanus
boiled water only drink drinkonlyboiledwater
ThepastparticipleisusedamongotherthingstochangeverbsintoadjectivesjustlikeinDanishand
English
Causativeuseoflaagnu:
ausadhile nindraa laagchha
7
Medicineagentmarkersleepyitmakesfeel
Themedicinemakesyoufeelsleepy
Thesubjectoftheverblaagnumaybethethingcausingthefeeling
Thesubjectofacausativeverb(thepersonorthingcausingtheaction)isfollowedbytheparticlele
Conditionalphrase(if...):bhane:
nindraa laagyobhane,ausadhinakhaanus
Sleepyitfeltif,medicinedonteat
Ifyoufeelsleepy,thendonttakethemedicine
Aconditionalphrase(if...)isformedbyaddingbhaneattheendoftheconditionalsentence
Questionswithki(or):
jaanchhauki?
Wegoor Arewegoing?
Addingkiortotheendofasentencewillturnitintoalessdirectquestionthaniftherisingtonealone
isusedtoindicatethatthisisaquestion
Analysis
1 WhatisusuallythesubjectofaDanishsentenceexpressingfeelingsofpain?
2 WhatisusuallythesubjectofaDanishsentenceexpressingfeelings?
3 WhichtenseisusedinDanishforexpressingfeelings/feelingsofpainwhicharehappeningas
thesentenceisspoken?
4 HowwouldyoumakeaquestionlessdirectinDanish?
5 Dootherlanguagegesthatyouknowhavebothtransitiveandintransitiveverbs?
7
Lesson8
Homework
1. Hisheadhasbeenhurtingsinceyesterday
2. Whathappenedtothem?
3. Whendidyoustartfeelingsleepy?
4. Ifyourstomachhurts,thendrinkonlyunboiledwater
5. Beermakesmesleepy
6. Ifyoueatrawsalat,yourstomachwillhurt
7. Rawsalatisnotclean
8. TheyhavetoworkonSundays
3 Makesentenceswith5verbsinthepasttensewithdifferentsubjects(I,you/he/she,it,we,they
LOW)),somepositiveandsomenegative
5 MemoriseDevanagari:allthepalatalconsonants:cha,chha,ja,jha,na
6 Listen:
recognize
7 Read:
1 dukhnu
2 laagnu
3 bhane
7
Review2:
Lessons58
1 ReviewLesson8:
1 Learningcontents:
Pairwork
2 2
nd
daydialogue:
Pairwork
3 Homework:
Pairwork
4 Listening:
Wholeclass
2 ReviewLessons58:
1 Listening
TeacherreadsthelisteningtextsforLessons57.
Studentslistenanddifficultpassagesarediscussedattheend.
2 Speaking
Roleplay:
StudentAisfeelingsick
StudentBisadoctor
Changeroles
Pairwork:
StudentAasksfordirections
StudentBanswers
Changeroles
3 Numerals
Teacherreadsarandomselectionofnumerals:160
Studentswrite
Checkingalltogether
4 Devanagari
Pairwork1:
Studentstaketurnsnamingtheletterstheyhavelearnedusingthewoodenletters
Pairwork2:
Studentstaketurnsreadinglistsofwordswithknownletters
5 Listening/responding
Studentsaregivendirectionsbytheteacherstogosomewhere
Studentsmusttrytofollowthedirectionsandreportbackwheretheyendedup
7
LESSON9
Shopping
1 askforgoodsinashop
sutikapaDaapaainchha?
cottonmaterialisitavailable =DoyouhaveanyX?
2 talkaboutthepurpose/useofsomething
shirtkolaagikapaDaa
shirtformaterial =Materialforashirt
3 usetheexpressionbothand
baaklopaniraamropanichha
thickalsogoodalsoitis =itisboththickandgood
4 expressyouropinionaboutsomething
yomalaairaamrolaagyo
thismetogooditfelt =Ilikethis
5 talkaboutperkilo/meterprice
meterkokatiparchha?
meter'showmuchitcosts =Howmuchisthispermeter?
6 bargain
alimahango bhayo,ghaTaaunusna!
alittleexpensiveitbecame,loweremphaticparticle
=Thatsalittleexpensive,pleaselowertheprice!
7 asksomebodytodosomethingforyou
merolaagiekjorkurtaasuruwaal siidinus na
myforonepairkurtaasuruwaalsewgiveemphaticparticle
=Pleasesewasetofkurtasuruwalforme
8 modifydescriptions
malaaidherailaamomanpardaina,Thikaikolaamochaahinchha
Itoverylongitdoesntplease,OKishlongitisneeded
=Idontlikeitverylong,Iwantitjusttherightlength
9 explainatwhattimeyouneedsomething
chaardinpachhichaahinchha
fourdaysafteritisneeded =Ineeditin4days
10 discusshowmuchtimeisneededtodosomething
alichhiTodinasaknuhunna?
7
alittleealygivecan'tyou =Cantyougiveittomealittlesooner
11 talkaboutfutureactions
mabholipheriaaulaa
ItomorrowagainIwillcome =Iwillbebacktomorrow
12 Expressconditions
chaardinpachhidinubhayobhane,raamrohunchha
fourdaysafteryougaveif,gooditis
=Itwouldbeniceifyoucouldgiveittomein4days
13 countfrom6070
14 readandwriteinDevanagari:Alltheretroflexconsonants:Ta,Tha,Da,Dha,na
Culture: Shopping,orderingthingsmade
Task: Trybargainingforsomething
Practicedialogue
A: Shopkeeper(saahuji),doyouhavematerialfor.?
B: Yes,look
A: Thismaterialisnice,howmuchisitpermeter?
B: ..
A: Thatsalittleexpensive,lowerthepricealittle!
B: OK,.rupia
A: Giveme.meter.Willyousewaforme?
B: Howlongshoulditbe?
A: Idontlikeitverylong,Iwantjusttherightlength
B: Comebackin5days
A: Cantyoumakeitalittlesooner?
B: Whendoyouneedit?
A: IsFridayOK?
B: OK
Dialogue1:Buyingmaterial
=-=, -+:+ +=== = =- ++: +:c
A saahuji,tapaaikopasalmaaraamrosutikapaDaapaainchha?
=- ++: + + ==
B sutikapaDaakekolaagi?
+- =-=+ ==
A kurtaasuruwaalkolaagi
- -=, + = =- ++:- c-
B hernus,dherairaamrosutikapaDaaharuchhan
= ==: = == - == +-= -c == += =-= -
A ..yomalaairaamrolaagyo,taraalipaatalorahechha.alibaaklodekhaaunusna
8
= - -=, += +- = +- c
B yohernus,baaklopaniraamropanichha
= ==+ +-
A yomiTarkokati?
|+ ==+ + = +c
B ekmiTarko300rupiyaaparchha
== =-= ~=, ==- = -
A alimahangobhayo,ghaTaaunusna
= - =-- c, ++:= + -+ c-, s+ c - -=
B yotasastochha,kapaDaamaadherainaaphaachhaina,Thikaichha250dinus
-c , -=
A hunchha,dinus
= =- =, +=
B lalinus,dhannyabaad
+=
A dhannyabaad
Vocabulary1:
+=
baaklo thick
=-
dekhaaunu toshow
==-
ghaTaaunu tolower(here:theprice)
- -
hernu tolook
++:
kapaDaa material
+- +c
katiparchha howmuchdoesitcost?
=-=
mahango expensive
-+
naaphaa profit
-
+:c
paainchha itisavailable
+-=
paatalo thin
8
+- +-
panipani bothand
+==
pasal shop
-c
rahechha itseems
=-=
saahuji shopkeeper
=--
sasto cheap
=-
suti cotton
- -
taortara but,though,however,asfor
8
Dialogue2:Havingclothesmadeatthetailors
-=--
A namaste
-=--, ==- = + ==- -=
B namaste,aaunus,kesiuneholaa?
= == |+ = +- =-= =:-= -
A merolaagiekjorkurtaasuruwaalsiidinusna
-c, ++: +- -==-~=
B hunchha,kapaDaakatilyaaunubhayo?
=t = ==
A saaDhechaarmiTer
== -==-~=, == =-c - ==-= = -c, +- ==
+-
B alithorailyaaunubhayo,5miTarchaahinchha,taraaaunusmanaapchhu.katilaamorakati
+= =-c
khukulochaahinchha?
==: + == +- =-+-, s+++ == == == +=
A malaaidherailaamokurtaamanpardaina,Thikkaikolaamorabaaulaaalikhukulo
=-c
chaahinchha
=-= -
B suruwaalni?
=-= +- + s= --=-=, =-=+ =- == +=|+ -:-=
A suruwaalpanidheraiThulonabanaaunus,suruwaalkomotaaalikasiekobanaaidinus
-c, |+-- +c ==-=
B hunchha,ekhaptaapachhiaaunus
== c= - =+---
A alichhiTodinasaknuhunna?
-+:=: +-= =-c
B tapaailaaikahilechaahinchha?
= - +c -~= ~- = -c
A chaardinpachhidinubhayobhaneraamrohunchha
-c, ==-= = += =c
B hunchha,aaunusmakosisgarchhu
+ +=
A dheraidhannyabaad
Vocabulary2:
==
baaulaa sleeve
8
-=-
banaaunu tomake
~-
bhane if
c=
chhiTo quick,fast,early,soon
|+ =
ekjor onepair
--
haptaa week
-=
holaa maybe
+-=
kahile when?
+=|+
kasieko tight
+=
khukulo loose
+ =-
kosisgarnu totry
==
laamo long
-==-
lyaaunu tobring
=-
motaa pantlegs
-
na emphaticparticle
--
naapnu totakemeasurement
+c
pachhi after
=t =
saaDhechaar fourandahalf
=+-
saknu tobeableto,can
==-
siunu tosew
-
tara but
8
s++
Thikaiko justtherightamountof.
thorai alittle,few
s=
Thulo big
Dialogue3:Buyingmedicine
= =+ c - =
A yoausadhichhaholaa?
|+c-, = -c
B ekchhin,maherchhu
=+ - c - + c-, -+:=: +- -= =-c
A ausadhitachha,taradheraichhaina,tapaailaaikatiwaTaachaahinchha?
- ====
B 20Tablet
=== ==== =+ c - = ~= = ==c
A masanga10Tabletmaatrachha,taraarubholi10bajeaauchha
s+ c, =-= -= =c ~= + ===
B Thikchha,ahile10waTaalagchhu.bholipheriaaulaa
-=, =-=
A has,linus
+=
B dhannyabaad
Vocabulary3:
=-=
ahile now
=
aru other(s)pluralofarkoanother
=+
ausadhi medicine
~=
bholi tomorrow
|+c-
ekchhin justamoment
=-
lagnu tobringalong
=+
maatra only
8
= = c
Xsangachha Xhas
- -
taortara though,but,however,asfor
Languagefocus:
Verbconjugation:futuretense(willdo):
Singular: Plural:
1.p.(I) ma garulaa (we) hami(haru) garaulaa
2.p.(you) tapaai garnuholaa (you) tapaaiharu garnuholaa
2.p.LOW(you) timi garaulaa (you)LOW timiharu garaulaa
3.p.(he/she) wahaa garnuholaa (they) wahaaharu garnuholaa
3.p.LOW(it) u garlaa (they)LOW uniharu garlaan
Bothand:XpaniYpani:
yo raamropani sasto panichha
This goodboth cheap bothis Thisisbothgoodandcheap
Panifollowsthewordsthatarelinkedinthisway
Qualificationofanadjective:Adj.+ai:
Thikaichha
OK'ishitis Itisallright
Addingaitoanadjectivechangesthemeaningofthatadjectiveto'somewhatX'
Furtherqualificationofanadjective:Thikaiko+adj:
yo tarkaari Thikaikopiirochha
This vegetablecurry OKsspicyis
Thisvegetablecurryisjusttherightdegreeofspicy
AddingThikaikoinfrontofanadjectivechangesthemeaningofthatadjectiveto'justtherightdegree
of'...'
Verbmeaning'think','toappear','toseem','tofind':rahechha:
alipaatalorahechha
alittlethinitseems Ithinkitisalittlethin
rahechhaisalwaysusedinthe3rd.personsingularliketheimpersonalverbs
Itisequivalentto'Ithink'
Oftenrahechha'isusedtoexpressthespeaker'ssurpriseatlearningsomething
Compoundverb:Verbroot+idinu:
merolaagiekjorkurtaasuruwaalsiidinusna
Mefor onepairkurtasuruwalsewgiveemphaticparticle
Pleasesewasetofkurtasuruwalforme
idinumaybeaddedtoanyverbrootforthepurposeofmakinganimperativeorarequestmorepolite.
dinumeanstogive,andthecompoundverbisoftentranslatedaspleasedothisforme/him,etc
Conditionalclauses:Verbinthepasttense+bhane:
8
chaardinpachhidinubhayobhane,raamrohunchha
fourdaysafteryougaveif,gooditis
Itwouldbeniceifyoucouldgiveittomein4days
bhane'if'isplacedaftertheverbintheconditionalclause.Thisverbisusuallyinthepasttense.The
verbofthesecondsentence(=theresult)canbeinthepresenttense.Theconditionalclauseis
normallythefirstofthetwoclauses.
Modalverb:saknu(can):
Ali chhiTodinasaknuhunna?
Alittleearly/quicklygivecanyounot Cantyougiveittomealittleearlier?
Theverbsaknuisalwayspreceededbyanotherverbintheverbroot+naform.Saknuisconjugatedin
accordancewiththesubjectforpersonandnumber.
8
Lesson9
Homework
1. Thisseemsalittleexpensive
2. Ithinkthisisbothniceandcheap
3. Heleftafterfivemonths
4. Itwouldbenice,ifyoucouldcometomorrow
5. Couldyoupleasebuythisbookforme?
6. Thismaterialisjusttherightthickness
7. Howmuchisthecottonmaterialpermeter?
8. Idontlikethepantlegstoowideandlong
9. Wewillbuythematerialtomorrow
10. Cantyoueatalittleearlier?
3 Makesentenceswith5verbsinthefuturetensewithdifferentsubjects(I,you/he/she,it,we,
they(LOW))
4 DotheTask
6 MemoriseDevanagari:alltheretroflexconsonants:Ta,Tha,Da,Dha,na
7 Listen:
8 Read:
1 saknu
2 kolaagi
3 pani....pani
4 idinu
5 Thikaiko
6 rahechha
8
8 bhane
9 paainchha
Lesson10
Weather&Nature
1 talkabouttheweather
paaniparnemausamkastochha?
waterrainweatherhowitis =Howistheweatherintherainyseason?
2 expressyourfeelingsaboutsomething
kastogarmidin!
howhotday =Whatahotday!
3 comparethings
taraaiKathmandubhandaagarmihunchha,
TaraaiKathmanducomparedtohotitis =TaraaiishotterthanKathmandu
taraNepalgunjsabbhandaagarmihunchha
butNepalgunjmosthotitis =ButNepalgunjisthehottest
4 talkaboutongoingactions
jaaDodinaaudaichha
colddayitiscoming =Colddaysarecoming
5 talkabout'passive'actions
setohimaaldekhinchha
whitemountainitcanbeseen =Thewhitemountainscanbeseen
6 usethephraseneithernor
yomausammaanadheraijaaDonadheraigarmiekdamramaailohunchha.
thisweatherinnotverycoldnotveryhotextremelypleasentitis
=inthisweatheritisneitherverycoldnorveryhot,itisextremelypleasant
7 countfrom7080
8 readandwriteinDevanagari:thedentalconsonants:ta,tha,da,dha,na
Culture: Nature,nationalfeelings,Nepal'sgeography,smalltalk
Task:
1 Asksomeoneattheofficewhichmonththeylikethebestandwhy
2 AskyourPO/someoneelseabouttheweatherconditionsintheplacewhereyouwillbeworking
8
3 Listentotheweatherforecastontheradio/TV
Practicedialogue
A: Ohwhatacolddayitis!
B: Yes,butwarmerdaysarecoming
A: Whatisthemonsoonweatherlike?
B: Itiswarmanditrainsalot
A: IsNepalgunjhotterthanKathmandu?
B: Yes
A: Whatisthenicestmonth?
B: ..
A: Why
B: Becauseitisjusttherightdegreeofwarmth
Dialogue1:Talkingabouttheweather
=== +-- =: -
A oh.aajakastojaaDodin
-, - c== == - ==c
B ho,tarachhiTTaigarmidinaaudaichha
+- =-- =- + == -c
A kunmahinaayahaadheraigarmihunchha?
=-, = = s + == -c - +s=-: ~ -: + == -c
B chait,baisaakhrajeThdheraigarmihunchhataraKTMbhandaataraaidheraigarmihunchha
+- +- +- =-- -c
A paaniparnakunmahinaadekhisuruhunchha?
=t +- +- -c
B asaardekhipaaniparnathaalchha,
=- +- +- == +-- -c
A yahaapaaniparnemausamkastohunchha?
+- +- === +-=+- - == - c =:=z=: z =c ,
B paaniparnemausammaakahilekaahidinadhyaarohunchhagaDyaangguDunggarchha,
== ==+c + +- +c
bijulichamkinchharadheraipaaniparchha.
-:= -
A taraaimaani?
-:= +- + +- +c, =- + tc =- +-: =-
B taraaimaapanidheraipaaniparchha,kholaaharudheraibaDhchhaanipahaaDibaaToharu
= +- =c
maapahirojaanchha
==~|, -+=+ =~ = =-- +- -
A tyasobhae,Nepalkosabaibhandaaraamromahinaakunho?
9
== +-+ , +-~- = =--= = - -== ::, -= =+=
B asojrakaartik,kinabhaneyomahinaamaasabaitirahariyoDaaDaa,niloaakaasrasaphaa
=- -== c = === - + =: - + == |+= =:=
setohimaaldekhinchha.yomausammaanadheraijaaDonadheraigarmiekdamramaailo
-c
hunchha.
== =-- + =: = -c - =
A ohyomahinaadherairamaailohunchhaholaa.
Vocabulary1:
==
adhyaaro dark
==
asaar nameofaNepalimonth
===
asoj nameofaNepalimonth
t-
baDhnu toswell
baisaakh nameofaNepalimonth
~
bhandaa comparedto
-= = ==+-
bijulichamkinu tobelightning(=atlyne)
=+
chait nameofaNepalimonth
c;
chhiTTai prettysoon
r-
dekhnu tosee
=:=z =:z
gaDyaangguDung thunder
==
garmi hot(ofweather)
-= ::
hariyoDaaDaa greenhill
=s
jeTh nameofaNepalimonth
=:
9
jaaDo cold(ofweather)
+-=+-
kahilekaahi sometimes
+- +
kaartik nameofaNepalimonth
=
kholaa stream
+-~-
kinabhane because
===
mausam weather
--
nana neithernor.
-= =+
niloaakaas bluesky
+- +-
paaniparnu torain
+-: =
pahaaDibaato hillyroad
+- =-
pahirojaanu foralandslidetohappen
=:=
ramaailo pleasant
= ~
sab(ai)bhandaa most(=comparedtoall)
= -
sabaitira inalldirections
=-
seto white
--
suruhunu tobegin,tostart
-:
taraai theTeraiarea
--
thaalnu tostart
== ~|
tyasobhae ifthatisso,inthatcase
Namesofthemonths
9
=
baisaakh midApriltomidMay
=s
jeTh midMaytomidJune
==
asaar midJunetomidJuly
==-
saaun midJulytomidAugust
~
bhadau midAugusttomidSeptember
==
ashoj midSeptembertomidOctober
+-+
kaartik midOctobertomidNovember
==
mangsir midNovembertomidDecember
+=
pus midDecembertomidJanuary
=
maagh midJanuarytomidFebruary
+=-
phaagun midFebruarytomidMarch
=+
chaitra midMarchtomidApril
Dialogue2:ComparingtheweatherinNepalandDenmark
-+== +- +-- == == -- =--
A NepalmaapanikastoadhyaarorachisohaawaaDKjastai
+- = =+ =-- -c
B kina?DKmaasadhaiyastaihunchha?
=+ - - :- =+ - == === -c =+ == ==
A sadhaitahoinaaadhaabarsadinlaamoraujyaalohunchhaaadhaabarsaadhyaarorachiso
= + --+- ~ + --+- ++ -c
B oh..KTMkohaawaapaanibhandaaDKkohaawaapaanipharakrahechha
-, = = + == == -- =c, -= +c - ==
A ho,DKmaa'winter'maadheraijasochisohaawaalaagchha,hiuparchharadinadhyaaro
-c
hunchha
|+- == -- =c
9
B e..kinachisohaawaalaagchha?
== ~|+= == -- =c, = == c -== c-
A samudrabhaekolechisohaawaalaagchha,Dkmaasamudrachhahimalchhaina
-+== -== c == c-, -:- -
B Nepalmaahimalchhasamudrachhaina,hoinata
Vocabulary2:
=+
aadhaa half
==
adhyaaro dark
~|+=
bhaekole becauseof
~
bhandaa comparedto
==
chiso cold
+ ==
dheraijaso mostly,mainly
--
haawaa wind
--+-
haawaapaani climate
-= +c
hiuparchha tosnow
=--
jastai like,as
=-
laagnu here:tobewindy
++
pharak different
=+
sadhai always
==
samudra sea,ocean
-
ta asfor,but,though,however
===
ujyaalo bright
=--
9
yastai likethis
Languagefocus:
Verbconjugation:garnu:presentcontinuous(am/is/aredoing):
Singular Positive Negative
1.p.(I) ma gardaichhu gardaichhaina
2.p.(you) tapaai gardaihunuhunchha gardaihunuhunna
2.p.LOW(you) timi gardaichhau gardaichhainau
3.p.(he/she) wahaa gardaihunuhunchha gardaihunuhunna
3.p.Low(it) u gardaichha gardaichhaina
Plural
1.p.(we) hami(haru) gardaichhau gardaichhainau
2.p.(you) tapaaiharu gardaihunuhunchha gardaihunuhunna
2.p.LOW(you) timiharu gardaichhau gardaichhainau
3.p.(he/she) wahaaharu gardaihunuhunchha gardaihunuhunna
3.p.Low(they) uniharu gardaichhan gardaichhainan
Verbconjugation:passive:verbroot+inchha:
seto himaal dekhinchha
White mountains areseen
Thepassiveformoftheverbinthe3.personsingularisformedbyaddinginchha(positive)/idaina
(negative)totheverbroot
Comparative:postposition:bhandaa:
tyo suntalabhandaa yo guliyochha
that orange comparedwith this sweet is
Thisorangeissweeterthanthatone
Thecomparativeisconstructedbyusingthepostpositionbhandaameaningthan,'incomparison
with'.Bhandaaisplacedaftertheitemofcomparison
Superlative:sab(ai)bhandaa:
yomahiinaasabbhandaajaaDohunchha
Thismonthmostcoldis Thisisthecoldestmonth
Thesuperlativeisconstructedbyplacingsab(ai)bhandaamost,morethanallinfrontofthe
adjective
Analysis
1 Dootherlanguagesyouknowhaveaformequivalenttothepresentcontinuous?
2 Dootherlanguagesyouknowhaveaspecialconjugationforpassive?
9
3 HowdoesthewaycomparativeandsuperlativeisformedinNepalicomparewithother
languagesyouknow?
9
Lesson10
Homework
*2 Translatethefollowingsentences,ordonumber*11
1. NepalisbiggerthanDenmark
2. NepalgunjisnotthehottestplaceinNepal
3. ThehillscanbeseenfromNepalgunj
4. Whataniceday!
5. Inthatcase,wewillhavethemeetinginPalpa
6. Whenwillthemonsoonbecoming?
7. Sometimesitisnotrainingfortwoorthreedays
8. Itisneitherveryhotnorverycoldnow
3 Makesentenceswith5verbsinthepresentcontinuoustensewithdifferentsubjects(I,you/
he/she,it,we,they(low))somepositive,somenegative
4 Make2sentencesinthepassivemodeonepositive,onenegative
*5 Paragraphwriting
1 Writeafewsentencesabouttheweathertoday
2 WriteafewsentencesaboutDenmark'sclimateandnature
6 Preparethetasks
8 MemoriseDevanagari:allthedentalconsonants:ta,tha,da,dha,na
9 Listen:
recognize
10 Read:
1 bhandaa
2 sabbhandaa
3 na...na
9
4 kahilekaahi
5 jastai
9
Lesson11
VisitingPartnerOrganisations
1 talkaboutdevelopmentworkatthelocallevel
yogaaumaahospitalchhakichhaina?
thisvillageinhospitalitisoritisn't
2 askandanswerquestionsaboutwheresomeonehasrecentlycomefrom
kahaabaaTaaaunubhayo?/AhilemaKathmandubaaTaaaeko
wherefromyoucame/nowIKathmandufromhavecome
3 talkabout'presentperfect'actions
ahilemaKathmandubaaTaaaekochhu
nowIKathmandufromIhavecome
4 talkaboutplannedlengthofstay
yahaaduibarsabaschhu
heretwoyearsIstay
5 talkaboutlanguagelearning/ability
nepalialialisikdaichhu
NepalialittleIamstudying
6 askforhelp
tapaaiharulemalaaimaddatgarnuparchha
youagentmarkerIto helpitisnecessary
=youmusthelpme
7 describenaturalscenery
kastoramaailochaaraitira:hariyoDaaDaaanisaphaahaawaa
howpleasantsurroundings:greenhills andthencleanair
8 talkaboutthephysicalextentofsomeplace
tapaaikokaamgarnechhetrakahaabaaTakahaasammachha?
you'sworkdoareawherefromwheretoitis
9 talkabouttheamountoftimeneededtogetfromoneplacetoanother
yahaabaaTaSurkhetsammakatisamayalaagchha?
herefromSurkhettohowmuchtimeittakes
10 modifyastatement
schoolschhana ta chha,taradherairaamrochhaina
9
Schoolsareemphaticparticlethoughare,butverygooditisnt
=Wellthereareschools,buttheyarenotverygood
11 countfrom8090
12 readandwriteinDevanagari:allthelabialconsonants:pa,pha,ba,bha,ma
Culture: (N)GO's,localareadevelopmentwork/workerpoliteness,smalltalk
Practicedialogue
A: Wheredidyoucomefromnow?
B: From.
A: YouspeakalittleNepali
B: IamlearningalittleNepali.Howpleasantthisplaceis
A: Yes,thewhitemountainscanbeseen
B: Whatistheextentofyourworkingarea?
A: From..to..
B: Arethereschoolsinthisvillage?
A: ..
B: HowlongdoesittaketogotoKathmandufromhere?
Dialogue1:Aconversationatapartnerorganization
-=--
A namaste
-=--, +-= ==-~=
B namaste,kahaabaataaaunubhayo.
=-== |=|=-+= = =|+, = -=-, =-, = -
A ahilemamsnepalktmbaataaaeko,meronaam.ho,madwhu,merodeshDkho
-=- -+: =: + =- =-=+c
B haamiharutapaailaaikemaddatgarnasakchhau?
= -+:- == += =-=|+ c
A matapaaiharusangaikaamgarnaaaekochhu
|+==, -+: =: =- --=- c
B(e ..dherai khusi laagyo, tapaailaai yahaa swaagat chha
+=-
A dhannyabaad
==~| -+= ~ +-~= - =- === ~- =c c-
B tyasobhaenepalibhaasaasiknubhayota?yahaaangrejibujhnemaanchhechhaina
==== =+c - =-= = -+= = c-, -+:-= ==: =-=-
A alialisikdaichhu,taraahilemeronepaliraamrochhaina,tapaaiharulemalaaimaddatgarnu
+c
parchha
-c -= =- =c, ==-= -
B hunchhahaamimaddatgarchhau,aaunusna
1
-=, += = : =-- +c + ==c
Ahas,dhannyabaadmaduimahinaapachhipheriaauchhu
Vocabulary1:
= ==
angreji English
~
bhaasaa language
~-
bujhnu tounderstand
==
khusilaagyo somebodyfeelshappy
=c
maanchhe people,person
=- =-
maddatgarnu tohelp
-
na emphaticparticle
==
sangai togetherwith
=+-
siknu tolearn
-
ta then(inquestionsandcommands)
== ~|
Dialogue2:Talkingabouttheworkingareaofthepartnerorganization
=-+:+ == +-- =:= -c
A oh.tapaaikogaaukastoramaailorahechha
-+: =: -= == =:= ==
B tapaailaaihaamrogaauraamrolaagyo?
-, +-- =- -= =- =+ --
A ho,kastochaaraitirahariyoanisaphaahaawaa
=-+ --+- = c, ==+ -=+ s= = +- c -= +=
B yahaakohaawaapaaniraamrochha,gaaukonajikaithulokholaapanichhahaamrokaam
=- + = ++ == === -
garnechhetrakholaapaarikogaausammaho
=-= +- === =c
A yahaabaaTakatisamayalaagchha?
1
=+ =
B aadhaaghanTaa
=- = +- c
A tyahaabajaarpanichha?
=- = c , - === +:c - = ==- +: -
B saanobajaarchha,khaanechijbijpaainchhataraarusaamaanpaaidaina
= === --- =+ c + c-
A yogaaumaaswaasthachaukichhakichhaina?
c - - c - = =-- c-
B chhanatachhatararaamrobyabasthaachhaina
= == = = - += = --
A yogaaumaaarun.g.o.harukaamgardainan?
|===~ =-: - += =c
B eutaan.g.o.'savethechildren'kaamgardaichha
=- - +- c-
A yahaabidesiharupanichhan?
: =- c-
B duijanaachhan
|s+ c, +=
A e.Thikchha,dhannyabaad
Vocabulary2:
=+
aadhaa half
=
aru other(pluralofarkoanother)
-
bideshi foreigner
=-
byabasthaa management
=-
chaaraitira surroundings
+
chhetra area
==
gaau village
=
ghanTaa hour
-=
1
hariyo green
--
haawaa air,wind
--+-
haawaapaani climate
- ===
khaanechijbij foodstuff
=
kholaa stream
=-
laagnu tofeel
-
na emphaticparticle
-=+
najikai close,near
+
paari otherside
=:=
ramaailo pleasant
==-
saamaan things,goods
=== =c
samayalaagchha ittakestime
--- =+
swaasthachauki healthpost
=+
saphaa clean
-
ta though
Dialogue3:Talkingaboutthebeneficiariesofthepartnerorganization
= -+:=: = +- =- =+c
A matapaailaaiarukehisodhnasakchhu?
=-= -
B sodhnusna
= ==+ =-=r= +- c -=
A yogaaukojanasankhyaakatichhaholaa?
== =- -=
B andaaji10000jatiholaa
= += + -+- =-- -c-
A yochhetramaakunkunjaatiharubaschhan?
1
= =- c- =-- = z, ==, ==, -- +, =--, =: += =
B sabaijaatichhanjastaigurung,magar,limbu,newaar,chhetri,braamhandamaai,kaamiaadi
== ~|, -+:-+ +=+= ~+ = =-- c- -=
A tyasobhae,tapaaiharukokaaryakrambhitrasabaijaatiharuchhanholaa?
-, = c- - -= + == +=+= = =-=--+ == c
B ho,sabaichhantarahaamrodheraijasokaaryakramgaribjanajaatiharukolaagichha
s+ c, -+: -+ +=+= == c, =-- c, = +c -- ===
A Thikchha,tapaaiharukokaaryakramchaakhlaagdochhajastochha,mapachhihernaaaulaa
+=
dhannyabaad
Vocabulary3:
=
aadi etc.
==
andaaji around
=
aru other,more(pluralofarkoanother)
~+
bhitra within,inside
==
chaakhlaagdo interesting
c =-- c
chhajastochha itsoundslikethat,here:itsoundsinteresting
+
chhetra area
+ ==
dheraijaso mostly,mainly
=
garib poor
=z +=
gurungkaami namesofethnicgroups
- -
hernu tolook
=-
jaati ethnicgroup
=-
jati asmanyas,asmuchas
=-=-
janajaati ethnicpeople
1
=-=r=
janasankhyaa population
=--
jastai suchas
+=+=
kaaryakram program
+-
kehi something
=s c =-- c
miThochhajastochha itsoundstasty
+c
pachhi later,after
= c =-- c
raamrochhajastochha itsoundsnice
=
sabai all
=-
sodhnu toask
==~|
Languagefocus:
Verbconjugation:presentperfect(garnuhas/havedone):
positive: negative:
singular:
maile(I) garekochhu garekochhaina
tapaaile(you) garnubhaekochha garnubhaekochhaina
timileLOW(you) garekaachhau garekaachhainau
wahaale(he/she) garnubhaekochha garnubhaekochhaina
usle(it) garekochha garekochhaina
plural:
haami(haru)le(we) garekaachhau garekaachhainaau
tapaaiharule(you) garnubhaekochha garnubhaekochhaina
timiharuleLOW(you) garekaachhau garekaachhainau
wahaararule(they) garnubhaekochha garnubhaekochhaina
uniharule(they) garekaachhan garekaachhainan
maKTMbaataaaeko
IKTMfromhavecome IhavecomefromKTM
1
Attachingekototheverbrootturnstheverbintoapastparticiple.Thisformbyitselfisalsocalled
theunconjugatedpast.Itisoften,butnotalwaysfollowedbythechhaconjugatedendingasshown
inthechartabove.Theekoformmaybeusedinplaceoftheconjugatedformoftheverb,when
talkingaboutactionsinthepast,ifitisofnointerestwhoperformedtheactioninthesamewayas
thepresentparticiple(verbroot+ne)isused.
Modalverb:parchha:
maile tapaailaimaddatgarnuparchha
Iagentmarkeryouto help itisnecessary Imusthelpyou
Theparticleleisanagentmarker.Itisaddedtothepersonwhomustdosomething,especiallyifthere
aremorethanonepersoninthesentence
Verbmeaning:take(time):laagnu:
yahaa baaTa kati samaya laagchha?
here from howmuch time ittakes
howlongdoesittake(togetthere)fromhere?
Questionswithbothpositiveandnegativeverb:hokihoina/chhakichhaina:
yahaaswaasthachaukichhakichhaina?
Herehealthpostisorisn't Isthereaheathposthere?
Boththepositiveandnegativeverbcanbeaddedtoaquestioninordertomakeitmoreopen
Analysis
1 Dootherlanguagesyouknowhaveaconjugationforpresentperfect?
2 Ifso,howdoesitcomparewiththeNepaliform?
3 Dootherlanguagesyouknowformquestionswithbothpositiveandnegativeverb?
1
Lesson11
Homework
1. IhavecomeherefromKathmandu
2. IttakesonehourtowalkfromKathmandutoPatan
3. OurteachersmusthelpuslearnNepali
4. Myworkingareaseemsverypleasant
5. HowdoyoufeelaboutthesurroundingsofKatmandu?
6. ThisNGOhasprogramsformanydifferentethnicgroups
7. Thehealthpostinthisvillagedoesnothavegoodmanagement
8. Thatprogramsoundsveryinteresting
3 Makesentenceswith5verbsinthepresentperfecttensewithdifferentsubjects(I,you/he/she,
it,we,they(low)),somepositive,somenegative.
5 MemoriseDevanagari:allthelabialconsonants:pa,pha,ba,bha,ma
6 Listen:
7 Read:
1 nuparchha
2 rahechha
3 laagnu('feel')
4 laagnu('take'(time))
1
Lesson12
Farming
1 initiatean'interview'
makrisikobaaremaakehisodhnasakchhu?
IfarmingaboutsomethingaskcanI
2 talkaboutagriculture
yahaakomukhyabaalikekeho?
here'smaincropwhatwhatitis
3 explainwhatsomethingisabout
yokitaabkrishikobaaremaachha
thisbookfarmingaboutitis
4 talkaboutthefrequencyofanactivity
ekbarsamaa3paTakbaalilagaainchha
oneyearin3timescropitisplanted
5 changenounsintoadjectives
nunnulilohunchha
saltsaltyitis
6 talkaboutthesizeofland
tapaaikokhetrabaari katichha?
you'swetfieldanddryfieldhowmuchitis
=howmuchwetanddryfieldlanddoyouhave?
7 asksomeonetoteachyousomething
malaaisikaaidinusna
Itoteachgiveemphaticparticle
=pleasedoteachme!
8 expressinstrumentality
maaTole puridinus
soilinstrumentalparticlecovergive
=coveritwithsoil
9 expressunrealconditionality
yahaapaaekobhae,sajilohunthiyo
heregottenitbecame,easyitwas=ifwecouldgetithere,itwouldbeeasy
10 countfrom90100
1
11 readandwriteinDevanagari:allthesemivowels:ya,ra,la,va
Culture: ruralareas,farming,politeness,smalltalk
Task: Asksomeoneattheoffice
whatthemaincropsintheKathmanduValleyare
howmanytimesayearitispossibletoplanthere
howthesoilishere
Practicedialogue
A: CanIaskyousomethingaboutfarming?
B: Pleaseask
A: Whatarethemaincropshere?
B: ..(wheat=gahu,corn=makai)
A: Howmanytimesayeardoyouplant?
B: ....
Dialogue1:Talkingwithafarmerabouthisfieldsandanimals
-=--
A namaste
-=--, = ++ = -+:== + - =- =+c
B namaste,makrisikobaaremaatapaaisangakehisodhnasakchhu?
-c =-= -
A hunchhasodhnusna
=-+ =r= = + -
B yahaakomukhyabaalikekeho
+-, =+, =- == - = -+ = -+ +- -c
A dhaan,makaigahuraaalutarayobaahekarutarkaaripanihunchha
|+ = +- +=+ = ==:c
B ekbarsamaakatipaTakbaalilagaainchha
-- +=+
A tinpaTak
=-+ == +-- c
B yahaakomaaTokastochha?
=== c
A malilochha
- -- c + =--c
B khetkhannuhunchhakijotnuhunchha?
=c
A jotchhu
+-- == ---- c
B kastomalhaalnuhunchha?
1
=:--+ == +=+-= ==
A gaaibastukomalracompostmal
+- = += = =--c
B kunbiuprayoggarnuhunchha
=-- =
A unnatbiu
=:-- +- +--- c
B gaaibastupanipaalnuhunchha?
-, =: ~=, +, = +-c
A ho,gaaibhaisi,bokaa,khasipaalchhau
== =: += = ~= + ==c - +=
B aajalaaipugyo,mabholipheriaauchhuhaidhannyabaad
-=
Ahas
Vocabulary1:
==
aaja today
==
aalu potato
=
-+
baahek except
=
baali crops
~=
bhaisi buffalo
-=
biu seed
+
bokaa goat
+-
dhaan paddy(rice)
=:
gaai cow
=:--
gaaibastu cattle
=-
gahu wheat
1
---
haalnu toput,topour
=-
jotnu toplough
+-
kehi something
-
khannu todig
=
khasi castratedgoat
-
khet field
+ =
kobaaremaa about
+
krisi agriculture
===-
lagaaunu toplant
==
maaTo soil
=+
makai corn
==
mal fertilizer,manure
===
malilo fertile
=r=
mukhya main
+--
paalnu toraise
+=+
paTak time
+ == =-
prayoggarnu touse
+=
pugyo itisenough(pasttense)
==
sanga with
=-
sodhnu toask
1
=-- =
unnatbiu improvedseed
Dialogue2:Talkingwithafarmerabouthisfieldsanduseoffertilizer
= - + =:+ =
A matapheraiaaipuge
==-= - -- =
B aaunusnabasnus
-+:=: +- + =~ =- c
A tapaailaaikehikuraaajhaisodhnuchha
-c =- = -
B hunchhasodhnusna
-+:+ - +- c
A tapaaikokhetrabaarikatichha?
- - +- +-= +- + |+==
B khet2ropanibaari1ropani(8ropani1acer(approx)
= + - +- +==+ -+ ===- -c
A baarimaakunkunkicimkotarkaarilagaaunuhunchha?
= +==+
B sabaikicimko
+=+= == =+ -=- -c
A campostmalaaphaibanaaunuhunchha?
-:-, = += -=- - ==: =+:-= -
B hoina,yokasaribanaauneho?Malaaisikaaidinusna
= - |+= === c , + |== +-= |== |+ :t +=+ :=
-= =-
A yotaekdamsajilochha,gharkoeuTaakunaamaaeuTaaekDeDhfitkokhaalDokhannusani
=-=+ -+ = = +-- ==-=- =-- -++ +-, =+-
=
plasticbaahekarusabaiphaalinechijbijharujastaitarkaarikobokraaharu,ghaaspaat,sabai
= -:= ---= === +-=, - +c - -- = =
==
tyokhaalDomaahaalnusramaaTolepuridinus,10/15dinpachhikhanerahernusraamromal
-= -c
tayaarhunchha
= == + + + == = - c
B yomalkekekolaagiraamrohunchha?
-+-, +=+= =, ==~= ===: +=+-= ~-c
A tarkaariharu,phulharuaadi,aajabholiyaslaai'parmaculture'bhaninchha
1
=== ==-+ == + += = = -
yasmaaraasaayanikmalkoprayoggaridaina
|= - = -c
B eyotaraamrorahechha
Vocabulary2:
=
aadi etc.
=:+-
aaipugnu toarrive
==~=
aajabholi thesedays
=+
aaphai oneself
=~
ajhai still
--+
baahek except
baari dryfield
-=-
banaaunu tomake,toprepare
~-
bhannu tocall,tosay
+
bokraa peelfromfruitsorvegetables
:t
DeDha onehalf
+=
fit feet
=+-
ghaaspaat grassandleaves
ghar house
---
haalnu tothrow,topour
=--
jastai suchas
-:
khaaldo ditch
1
-
khannu todig
-
khet wetfield
+==
kicim type
+-
kunaa corner
===-
lagaaunu toplant
==
maaTo soil
==
mal fertilizer
-
na emphaticparticle
+=- ===
phaalinechijbij thingstobethrownout
+
pheri again
+=
phul flower
+ == =-
prayoggarnu touse
+-
purnu tocover
==-+
raasaayanik chemical
+-
ropani ameasureofland(approximately1/8ofanacre)
=
sabai all
===
sajilo easy
=+=-
sikaaunu toteach
=-
sodhnu toask
-
ta but,however
1
-= --
tayaarhunu tobeready
===:
yaslaai tothis
===
yasmaa inthis
Dialogue3:Talkingwithafarmerabouthelponthefarmandirrigation
== -+:= = ++ = + = +- = - = ==== ==-=
Amailetapaaisangakrisikobaaremaadherairaamrokuraaharusuneabaalialisamassyaa
+ = + = -c
kobaaremaakuraagarauhunchha?
-c -
B hunchhani
-+: - =+ - =--c
A tapaaiharuaaphaikhetigarnuhunchha?
-= : =- =+ c, +-=+- = =c +- =-c
B haamiduijanaamaatrachhau,kahilekaahiarumaanchhepanichaahinchha
+- -+:+ c c =- = --
A kina,tapaaikochhoraachhorimaddatgardainan?
=-- = +tc-
B uniharuKTMmaapaDhdaichhan
=- -+ += =- =c- +:c
A yahaakhetkokaamgarnemaanchheharupaainchha?
== =- c, ==~= = += - =- =c-
B aligaahaarochha,aajabholisabaikaamkhojnasaharjaanchhan
|=- ==:+ =- +-- c -
A eyahaasichaaikobyabasthaakastochhani?
=+ =-- c- - -= === == += -=|+ c
B sarkaaribyabasthaachhainatarahaamigaaulemilerakulolyaaekaachhau
=-- =, = == +- = -==- -c
Aunnatbiu,raamromalkahaabaaTalyaaunuhunchha?
=- +c, =- +|+ ~| === -=
BKTMjaanuparchha,yahaapaaekobhaesajilohunthyo
=-=- + ++ ==-= -c
A ohyahaadheraikuraakosamassyaarahechha
Vocabulary3:
== ~=
aajabholi thesedays
1
=+
aaphai itself
=
aba now
=--+-
byabasthaa management
=
gaa(haa)ro/gaarho difficult
+-=+-
kahilekaahi sometimes
- =-
khetigarnu dofarmwork
-+ += =- =c
khetkokaamgarnemaanchhe fieldworker
-
khojnu tosearch,tolookfor,tofindout
+=
kulo channel,canal
+
kuraa thing,talk
-==-
lyaaunu tobring
=- =-
maddatgarnu tohelp
=c
maanchhe person,people
==
mal fertilizer
==
milera todosomethingbyjointeffort
+=-
paaunu toget
-
sahar town
===
sajilo easy
==:
sichaai irrigation
=-- -=
unnatbiu improvedseed
1
Languagefocus
Changeofnountoadjective:noun+ilo=adjective:
yahaakomaaTomalilochha
Here'ssoilfertileis Thesoilhereisfertile
Theadjectivesuffixiloisaddedtotheendofanoun(malmeaning'fertilizer')tochangeitintoan
adjectivemalilo'fertile'.
Instrumental:noun+le:
maaTole puridinus!
Soilinstrumentalparticlecovergive Coveritwithsoil!
Theinstrumentusedforanactionisfollowedbylejustliketheagentofanaction
Purpose(inorderto):verbroot+na+mainverbphrase:
sabaikaamkhojnasaharjaanchhan
Allworkseekcitytheygo Theyallgotothecitytoseekwork
Averbalpurpose('inorderto...')isproducedbyaddingnatotheverbexpressingthepurpose
The'purpose'(inordertoseekwork)isplacedbeforethemainverb(theygo(totown))
Conditionalclause(unreal)(if...):verbroot+eko+bhae:
yahaapaaekobhae, sajilohunthiyo
Heregottenitbecame,easyitwas Ifwecouldgetithere,itwouldbeeasier
Anunrealconditionalclause(if...)isformedbyaddingbhae('became')totheperfectparticipleform
oftheverbexpressingtheunrealcondition(ifwecouldgetithere,...)
Theconditionalphraseisfollowedbytherestofthesentenceendinginaverbinthepasttense
Analysis
1 Dootherlanguagesyouknowhaveawayofchangingnounsintoadjectives?
2 HowisthisdoneinEnglish/Danish?
3 Whatistheformofpugyo(Dialogue1attheend)andwhy?
4 Howdootherlanguagesyouknowexpresstheinstrumental?
5 Whatdoesaajabholiliterallymean?
6 Whatdoeshunchhamean?(Dialogue3,firstquestion)
7 Howispurposeexpressedinotherlanguagesyouknow?
8 Whatdoesmileraliterallymean?
9 Howdootherlanguagesyouknowdealwithconditionalphrases?
1
Lesson12
Homework
1. Whichcropsareplantedhere?
2. Pleaseteachmetoplantrice
3. Wheniscornplantedhere?
4. Ifyoucouldgetwatereasily,itwouldbegood
5. CanIasksomething?
6. Howdoyoumakecompost?
7. Afterploughing,youplantthewheat
8. Doyouusechemicalfertilizer?
9. WecometoclasstolearnNepali
3 Make5sentencesinthepasttensewithdifferentsubjects(I,you/he/she,it,we,they(low))
somepositiveandsomenegative
4 PreparetheTask
6 MemoriseDevanagari:allthesemivowels:ya,ra,la,va
7 Listen:
8 Read:TrytoreadsomewordsanywherearoundyouwritteninDevanagariscriptandnotethem
down
1 nuparchha
2 Verbroot+inchha
3 idinu
4 sanga
5 kahilekaahi
6 milera
1
7 rahechha
1
REVIEW3:
Lessons912
1 ReviewLesson12:
1 Learningcontents:
Pairwork
2 2
nd
daydialogue:
Pairwork
3 Homework:
Pairwork
4 Listening:
Wholeclass
2 ReviewLessons912:
1 Listening
TeacherreadsthelisteningtextsforLessons911
Discussiononproblematicpassagesafterwards
2 Speaking
Pairwork1:
Atthetailor's
(buyingmaterialandhavingsomethingsewn)
Pairwork2:
Visitingpartnerorganization
(lengthofstay,extensionofworkarea,distancefromKathmandu)
Pairwork3:
Visitingavillage:
(crops,harvests,animalsandsoil)
3 Numerals
Teacherreadsarandomselectionofnumerals:1100
Studentswrite
Allchecktogether
4 Devanagari
Pairwork1:
Pairwork2:
TaskfromLesson12
1
Lesson13
Education
1 talkabouteducation
2 askandtalkaboutthedifferencebetweenthings
sarkaarischool raboardingschoolmaakepharakchha?
Governmentschools andboardingschoolsinwhatdifferencethereis
3 talkaboutactionsbeingfinished
yojaachpassbhaepachhi
thisexampassbecomeafter=afterthisexamhasbeenpassed
4 quoteindirectspeech
mailesunekothiekischoolraamrochhaina
IIhadheardthatschoolgooditisn't
5 addresschildren
bhaai, timronaamkeho?
Youngerbrother,yournamewhatitis
Timischooljaanchhau?
Youschoolyougo?
6 talkaboutactionsthatareabouttotakeplace
timischooljaanalaagekoho?
Youschoolgo havebegunitis=areyouabouttogotoschool?
7 giveorderstochildren
jaau!
go
8 talkaboutpastperfectactivities
mailekaamgarekothie
IworkIhaddone
9 count:1000,10.000,100.000,1000.000
10 readandwriteinDevanagari:allthesibilantandaspirateconsonants:sa,sha,sa,ha
Culture: Education,politeness
Task: Asksomeoneattheofficeabouthis/herbasiceducation
where,
howlong
whichsubjects
howmanystudents
1
Practicedialogue
A: Arethereschoolsinthisarea?
B: Yes,thereisagovernmentschoolandaboardingschool
A: Whatisthedifferencebetweengovernmentschoolsandboardingschools?
B: Therearemanydifferences.Manypeoplethinkthatboardingschoolsarebetterthan
governmentschools
A: Isthereanexamatallschools?
B: Yes
A: Whatisthebiggestexam?
B: SchoolLeavingCertificate
A: Ihadheardthatschoolsinvillagesarenotgood
B: Yes,thatisabigproblem(samasyaa)
Dialogue1:Talkingaboutschools
-=--
A namaste
-=--, -+:-+ === -+= c
B namaste,tapaaiharukogaaumaaschoolchha?
|== =+ -+= : -= : z -+= c
A euTaasarkaarischoolraduiwaTaaboardingschoolchha
=+ -+= :z -+== + ++ c
B sarkaarischoolraboardingschoolmaakepharakchha?
=+ -+== |+ = +== === -c += +== =+
: ==
A sarkaarischoolmaaekdekhidasclasssammahunchharapaachclassdekhimaatraenglish
+t:c - :z -+== |+ - +== === -c -=
paDhaainchhataraboardingschoolmaaekdekhibaaraclasssammahunchharanursary
- :== +t:c
dekhinaiEnglishpaDhaainchha.
= -+=-= == +- -c
B SabaiSchoolharumaajaachpanihunchha?
=-+ = -+=-= == -c
A yahaakosabaischoolharumaajaachhunchha
-+=-+ =~ s= == +- -
B schoolharukosabaibhandaaThulojaachkunho?
-+=-+ =~ s= == |=|== -, = == +== +c -c
AschoolharukosabaibhandaaThulojaachS.L.C.ho,yojaach10classpachhihunchha.
= == +- +- -+=-= c-
Byojaachkun,kunschoolharuledinchhan?
-+= ~+ = -+=- = |+ +=+ = == - +c =- = ==
+=
1
ANepalbharikaasabaischoolharuleekaipaTakyojaachdinuparchhaaniyojaachpass
~|+c =+ =-- +== +t- +=c-
bhaepachhimaatrauniharu11classpaDhnapaauchhan
== = -+ |+ ==+ -+== = +t: - -
B mailesunekothiekigaaukoschoolmaaraamropaDhaaihudainare?
-, =+ -+=-= + = + == = + += c
A ho,sarkaarischoolharumaasikchhyakrabiddyaarthidubaikolaagisubidhaakamchha
=- += ==+ = -= = |=|== += =- =+c-
B anikasarigaaukobiddyaarthiharuleyoS.L.C.passgarnasakchhan?
= |== s = ==-= c
A yoeuTaaThulosamassyaachha
Vocabulary1:
~
bhari whole,allof
-=
biddyaarthi student
:z
boarding privateschool
dubai both
|+ +=+
ekaipaTak atthesametime
==
gaau village
==
jaach examination
+=
kam less
=+
maatra only
-
+=-
paaunu toget
+t:
paDhaai teaching
+t=-
paDhaaunu toteach
++
1
pharak different
=
sabai all
= ~
sabaibhandaa most(superlative)
==-=
samasyaa problem
=+
sarkaari governmental
+
sikchhyak teacher
|= |= =
S.L.C. SchoolLeavingCertificate
=+
subidhaa facility
=-
sunnu tohear,tolisten
-
tara but
Dialogue2:Talkingtoachildonhiswaytoschool
|~: -= -= + -
A ebhaaitimronaamkeho?
=-= = -
B meronaamRamho
-= -+= =- ==+ -
A timischooljaanalaagekoho?
-, = = = -+= -
B ho,u..tyomeroschoolho
-= +=== +- =- c-
A timroclassmaakatijanaachhan?
- =-
B 60janaa
+- =- += +- =- +=
A katijanaakeTaakatijanaakeTi?
=- += - =- +=
B 40janaakeTaa20janaakeTi
1
-= +- +=== +tc
A timikaticlassmaapaDhchhau?
- +===
B 6classmaa
+-, + - = +tc
Akun,kunbisayapaDhchhau?
:==, -+=, -=, =:=, :--=, :=
BEnglish,Nepali,math,Science,histry,e.t.c.
-+== +t: +-- -c
A schoolmaapaDhaaikastohunchha?
= = s+ -c - :== = - -
B arubisayaThikkaihunchhataraenglishraamrohudaina
|= == = t= -=
A elajaauabaDhiloholaa
Vocabulary2:
=
-=
bisaya subject
t=
Dhilo late
=- ==+
jaanalaageko abouttogo
+=
keTaa boy
+=
keTi girl
+t:
paDhaai teaching
+t-
paDhnu study
Languagefocus
1
Verbconjugation:pastperfecttense:garnu('haddone')
Positive Negative
Singular
1.p.(I) maile garekothie garekothiina
2.p.(you) tapaaile garnubhaekothiyo garnubhaeko
thiena
2.p.LOW(you) timile garekaathiyau garekaathienau
3.p.(he/she) wahaale garnubhaekothiyo garnubhaeko
thiena
3.p.Low(it) usle garekothiyo garekothiena
1.p.(we) haamile/haamiharule garekaathiyau garekaathienau
2.p.(you) tapaaiharule garnubhaekothiyo garnubhaeko
thiena
2.p.LOW(you) timiharule garekaathiyau garekaathienau
3.p.(he/she) wahaaharule garnubhaekothiyo garnubhaeko
thiena
3.p.Low(they) uniharule garekaathie garekaathienan
Conjunctionusedforreportedspeech('Xsaid,that...'):ki:
maile sunekothiekigaaukoschoolraamrochhaina
Iagentmarkerhadheardthatvillage'sschoolsgoodaren't
Ihadheardthatvillageschoolswerenotgood
kiisusedasaconjunction(='that')linkingreportedspeechtoaverb(I'veheardthat...,I'vereadthat...,
etc)
Constructionmeaning'tobeabouttodosomething':verbroot+na+laageko:
timischooljaanalaagekoho?
Youschoolgohavebeenabouttoisit Youwereabouttogotoschool,right?
laagekomaybeusedinthisconstructionafteranyverbinthenaform
Imperative:lowform:verbroot+u/a:
jaau!
Go!
Theimperativeinthelowformusedwithchildrenaddressedastimi(haru)isverbroot+u
Iftheverbrootendsinaconsonantthenaisaddedtotheverbroot,eg.rokhnu:rockha!.
Analysis
1 Dootherlanguagesyouknowhaveaconjugationforthepastperfect?
2 HowdoesNepalipastperfectcomparewithEnglish/Danish?
1
Lesson13
Homework
1. IhadheardthattheSLCisdifficult
2. Whatisthedifferencebetweenthe10+2examandtheSLC?
3. TheSLCisafter9
th
or10
th
gradeinDenmark
4. WhatisthehighestexaminDenmark?
5. Atwhatagedochildrenstartschool?
6. InDenmarkchildrenstartlearningEnglishfrom4
th
grade
7. Wewereabouttogotothemarket
8. InsomeschoolsinDenmark,theteachingisnotverygood
9. Therearefewer/lessschoolsinDenmarkthaninNepal
3 Write5sentenceswithdifferentverbsinthepastperfecttensewithdifferentsubjects(I,you/
he/she,it,we,they(low))somepositiveandsomenegative
4 PreparetheTask
5 Memorisethenumerals:1000,10.000,100.000,1000.000
6 MemoriseDevanagari:allthesibilantandaspirateconsonants:sa,sha,sa,ha
7 Listen:
8 Read:
1 Verbroot+inchha
2 Verbroot+u(imperativelowform)
3 Laagnu('tobeaboutto')
4 sabaibhandaa
5 saknu
6 nuparchha
1
7 pharak
8 kam
LESSON14
JobSpecific:PartnerOrganizations
1 talkaboutyourorganization
2 askaboutandexplainthereasonforbeinginaparticularplace
Nepalmaakegarnuhunchha?/
Nepalinwhatyoudo
maMSNepalkobikaasekaaryakartaahu
IMSNepalsdevelopmentworkerIam
3 talkaboutworkonagenerallevel
kahaakaamgarnuhunchha?/maNEWAHlaaimaddatdidaichhu
whereworkyoudo/INEWAHtohelpIamgiving
4 askforandgiveexplanationsofwords
NEWAHbhanekokeho?/NEWAHbhanekoNepaletc.
NEWAHsaidwhatis/NEWAHsaid Nepal,etc.
=whatdoesNEWAHmean?/NEWAHmeansNEpalWaterAndHealth
5 talkabouttypesoforganazations
NEWAHkastokicimkosansthaaho?/
NEWAHhowtype'sorganizationitis/
NEWAHeuTaagairsarkaarisansthaaho
NEWAHonenongovernmentalorganizationitis
6 talkaboutadevelopmentorganization'swork
NEWAHle mukhyakekekaamgarchha?/
NEWAHagentmarkermainwhatwhatworkitdoes
NEWAHle swaasthasikchyaakodigo bikaaskolaagikaamgarchha
NEWAHagentmarkerhealtheducationssustainabledevelopmentforworkitdoes
=NEWAHworksforsustainabledevelopmentofhealtheducation
7 askandanswerquestionsaboutjobspecifics
NEWAHsangakunbisayamaakaamgardaihunuhunchha?/
NEWAHwithwhichfieldinworkareyoudoing
mawahaaharulaaisuchanaabyabasthaapankokaammaamaddatgarchhu
Ithemtoinformationmanagement'sworkinhelpIdo
1
8 askandanswerquestionsaboutjobresponsibilities
Xkokaammaakasarimaddatgarnuhunchha?/
X'sworkinhowhelpyoudo
merouttardaaitwadheraichhanjastai:X,Y,Z,etc
myresponsibilitiesmanyarelike
1
9 expressinterestinsomething
chaakhlaagdokaamrahechha
interestingworkitseems
10 talkaboutsourcesoffunding
NEWAHkolaagirakamkahaabaaTaaauchha?
NEWAHforfundingwherefromitcomes
NEWAHkolaagirakamIRCbaaTaaauchha
NEWAHforfundingIRCfromitcomes
11 talkabouthowsomethingisdone
yasle swaasnimaanchhesamuhadwaaraasahayoggarchha
itagentmarkerwomen groupthroughsupportitgives
=itgivessupportthoughwomensgroups
12 thanksomebodyforsomeinformation
suchanaakolaagidhannyabaad
informationfor thanks
13 Count:allthefives:5,15,25,35,45,55,65,75,85,95
14 readandwriteinDevanagari:specialconjunctcharacters:ksa,jna,sra,tta,tra,dya
Culture: Bureaucracy,politeness
Practicedialogue
A: WhatareyoudoinginNepal?
B: .
A: Wheredoyouwork?
B: .
A: Whatdoes(nameofyourorganization)mean?
B: ..
A: Whichtypeoforganizationisit?
B: ....
A: Whatisthemainworkofyourorganization?
B:
A: Wheredoesthefundingcomefrom?
B: .....
A: Whereisyourorganizationworking?
B: .
A: Thanksfortheinformation
Dialogue1:TalkingaboutDWworkforapartnerorganization
-=--
A namaste,
-=--, --= +-= ==-~=
B namaste,basnus,kahaabaaTaaaunubhayo?
1
=-= = = ==c, - = -
A ahilemaKTMbaaTaaaudaichhu,taramerodeshDKho
-+= +- ==-~=
B Nepalkinaaaunubhayo?
= |=|= -+=+ += +=+- -
A maMSNepalkobikaasekaaryakartaahu
+- += =- -c
B kahaakaamgarnuhunchha?
=-= = --=: =- c
A ahilemaNEWAHlaaimaddatdidaichhu
-- ==, +- == += = -- -c
B NEWAHsangha,kunbisayamaakaamgardaihunuhunchha?
= =--=: =~= - ==- =--+- + += = =-
A mawahaaharulaaiabhilekhtathaasuchanaabyabasthaapankokaammaamaddat
=c
garchu
=~= - ==-+ += = += =- =-- c
B abhilekhtathaasuchanaakokaammaakasarimaddatgarnuhunchha?
= =a=- + c- =--
A merouttardaaitwadheraichhanjastai:
-- + =r= += +=== =-
NEWAHkomukhyarachhetriyakaaryaalayajaane
+==-+ = ==- =-
pariyojanaakobaaremaaadhyangarne
=~= ==-+ += =-
abhilekhrasuchanaakokaamgarne
-- + +===: =-- -== -
NEWAHkokarmachaarilaaichaahinetaalimdine
=-- == = =-==- =-=+- =-
uniharusangabaseraanugamanramulyaankangarne
-- + -+ +++ =+-= =- =-
NEWAHkodainikpatrikaautpaadanmaamaddatgarne
s+ c =s ++-+ == +=s
B ThikchhamiThokuraakaanikolaagidhannyabaad
-=, + ~==
A has,pheribheTaulaa
Vocabulary1
=~=
abhilekh documentation
1
===-
addhyan study
=-==-
anugaman monitoring
~=-
bheTnu tomeet
+= +=+-
bikaasekaaryakartaa Developmentworker
=
bisaya area,field,subject
=-+-
byabasthaapan management
=--
chaahine needed,necessary
+=
chhetriya regional
-+
dainik daily
=--
jastai suchas
+-
kehi something
+==
karmachaari staff
+===
kaaryaalaya office
=- -
maddatdinu to(give)help
=- =-
maddatgarnu tohelp
=s ++-
miThokuraakaani nicetalk
=r=
mukhya main
=-=+-
mulyaannkan evaluation
+==-
pariyojanaa project
+++
patrikaa newspaper
1
==-
suchanaa information
-==
taalim training
-
tathaa and,aswellas
=+-
utpaadan production
=a=-
uttardaaitwa responsibility
Dialogue2:Talkingabouttheworkofapartnerorganization
= -+:== +- =- =+c
A matapaaisangakehisodhnasakchhu?
-c, =-= -
B hunchha,sodhnusna
-+: -- = += =--c -:-
A tapaaiNEWAHmaakaamgarnuhunchhahoina?
- +-
B ho,kina?
-- +-- +==+ =- -
A NEWAHkastokicimkosansthaaho?
= |== = =+ = =--+ =- -, = -+ +==-
B yoeuTaagairsarkaariragairraajnaitiksansthaaho,yonaaphaakamaaune
=- -:-
sansthaahoina
=-+ += +===- -= =-=-= c-, -=-=,
yaskochhetriyakaaryaalayaharu5waTaajillaaharumaachhan,Biratnagar,
-+===, +-=t, + +s=-:
Nepalgunj,Dhangadhi,PokhararaKathmandu.
= =-= =r= +, + += =c
A yosansthaalemukhyake,kekaamgarchha?
=-= == ++ =---=: =+ -+- c
B yasledurgamchhetrakojanataaharulaaisaphaakhaanepaanidinchhara
--- + = += + == += =c
swaasthasikchyaakodigobikaaskolaagikaamgarchha..
=-,-- = = = += =c
A ohNEWAHleyosabaikaamgarchha?
--= =+ +==- == = -
B NEWAHleaaphaipariyojanaalaagugardaina,
1
|+= =c -
A ekasarigarchhata?
=-= --= =-, =~ =-, =-+=- == -
B yaslesthaaniyasansthaa,saajhedaarisanstha,saanaakisaansamuhara
----=c ==- : =-== =c
swaasnimaanchhesamuhadwaaraasahayoggarchha
= =-== -+ == += +-= ==c
A yosahayogdinakolaagirakamkahaabaaTaaauchha?
=== +-- +== +=c = + =-=+ =:==
B yasle90%rakamwateraidbaaTapaauchharaarubaakiUNICEFraIRC
- =-: =
(Netherlands)baaTa.
Vocabulary2
=+
aaphai oneself
= +
arubaaki therest,theremaining
+
baaki left
+=
chhetriya regional
= -+=
digobikaas sustainabledevelopment
== +
durgamchhetra ruralerea
:
dwaaraa by/through
=
gair non
= =--+
gairraajnaitik nonpolitical
= =+
gairsarkaari N.G.O.(nongovermentalorganization)
=--
janataa people
=-=
jilla district
+==-
kamaaunu toearn
1
+-
kehi something
-+-
khaanepaani drinkingwater
+==
kicim type
== =-
laagugarnu toimplement
=r=
mukhya main
-+
naaphaa profit
+=-
paaunu toget
+==-
pariyojanaa project
=- -+
raajnaitik political
+=
rakam funding,money
=~
saajhedaari partnership
=- +=-
saanaakisaan smallfarmer
=
sabai all
=-== =-
sahayoggarnu tohelp/tosupport
==-
samuha group
=-
sanstha organization
=+
saphaa clean
=+
sarkaari governmental
sikchhyaa education
=-
sodhnu toask
1
--=
sthaaniya local
---- =c
swaasnimaanchhe women
---
swaastha health
-
ta then
==+
yasko its
===
yasle it(asagent)
1
Lesson14
Homework
2 Translatethefollowingsentences
1. IworkforKSSC
2. KSSCmeansKalikaSelfrelianceSocialCentre
3. WhattypeoforganizationisDanida?
4. WheredoesthemainfundingforDanidacomefrom?
5. Whatdoessustainabledevelopmentmean?
6. IcametoNepaltododevelopmentwork
7. Inwhichfields/subjectsdoesyourorganizationwork?
8. ThemainofficeofMSisinKathmandu
3 Write5sentenceswithdifferentverbsinthepresentcontinuoustensewithdifferentsubjects(I,
you/he/she,it,we,they(low)),somepositiveandsomenegative.
4 Paragraphwriting:
Writeafewsentencesaboutyourpartnerorganization(where,what,who,when,how
many,howlong,whytypedescription)
5 Memorisethenumerals:allthefives:5,15,25,35,45,55,65,75,85,95
6 MemoriseDevanagari:specialconjunctcharacters:ksa,jna,sra,tta,tra,dya
7 Listen:
8 Read:
1
LESSON15
Jobspecific:MSNepal
1 talkaboutdifferenttypesoforganizations
MSkastosansthaa ho?/
MShoworganizationitis
MSeuTaaDanishnaagarikharukosansthaaho
MSa Danishcitizens organizationitis
2 talkaboutpeople,using'whoever/anybody'
Denmarkmaajopaniyaskosadasyaabannasakchhan
Denmarkin whoalsoitsmember becometheycan
=AnybodyinDenmarkcanbecomeamemberofthis
3 talkaboutmainprogramsofdevelopmentwork
MSNepalkomukhyakaaryakramkekeho?/
MSNepals main programwhatwhatitis
MSleaaphaikunaipanikaamgardaina
MSagentmarkeronealsoworkitdoestdo
=MSdoesntdoanyworkofitsown
4 expressyourfeelingsuponhearingsomething
MSkobaaremaasunnapaaudaakhusilaagyo,dhannyabaad
MSabout heargetwhilehappyIfelt,thanks
=IamhappytohaveheardaboutMS,thanks
5 talkaboutoneactiontakingplacewithinthetimeofanother,using'when/while'
=IamhappytohaveheardaboutMS,thanks
6 Count:allthetens:10,20,30,40,50,60,70,80,90,100
7 readandwriteDevanagari:otherconjunctandspecialcharacters,andhalfcharacters
Culture: workethics,politeness,(N)GO's
Task: Asksomeoneattheofficewhathis/hermainresponsibilitiesare
Practicedialogue
A: WhydidyoucometoNepal?
B: ......
A: Wheredoyouwork?
B: ....
A: Inwhichfield/subjectdoyousupportyourpartnerorganization?
B: .....
1
A: Howdoyoudothiswork?
B: Ihavemanyresponsibilitiessuchas.
A: Yourworkseemsinteresting
Dialogue:MSNepal
=+- = ==-~=
A oh..kahaabaaTaaaunubhayo?
+s=-: |=|= -+= =
B KathmanduMSNepalbaaTa
|=|= +-- =- -
A MSkastosansthaaho?
|=|= |== : - -=+-+ =- -, :+ = = +- =-+ =-=
B MSeuTaaDanishnaagarikharukosansthaaho,DKmaajopaniyaskosadasyaa
- =+c- === - -= =a- -= =-- =-=
bannasakchhan.Yasmaa6hajaarbyktiharura100waTaasansthaaharusadasya
c- = =-+ + :-= += +=+-- |==, =+ +
chhan.yosansthaakokarib4000DanishbikaaskaaryakartaaharuEsiya,Africara
== == += += =c-
madhyaAmericamaakaamgarchhan.
||=|= -+== +- =- += +=+-- += =c-
A e.MSNepalmaakatijanaabikaasekaaryakartaaharukaamgarchhan?
=-= - =- =- c-
B ahile24janaajatichhan
--- +-, +- += =c-
A tiniharukahaa,kahaakaamgardaichhan?
~- =-=-= =--,-+===, ~--, +-+, :=, ::=+
B bivinnajillaaharumaajastai:nepalgunj,bhirahawa,palpa,Doti,Dadeldhura
+s=-:, :=
KTM,ityaadi.
|=|=+ =r= +=+= +, + -
A MSkomukhyakaaryakramke,ke,ho?
|=|== =+ +- +- += =-, |=|== --= =~-==
B MSleaaphaikunaipanikaamgardaina,MSlesthaaniyasaajhedaarharusanga
== +=+ +=- =c, |=|== =r= -- += =~-
milerabikaaskokaamharugarchha.MSlemukhyatinchhetramaasaajhedaarharu
=: =-== =c
laaisahayoggarchha:
=-=-+ =+ t=- =- =-+ += =-
maanisharukosipbaDhaauneramaanabsrotkobikaasgarne
++ =-+- = =+= =-== -==-
pharaksanskritbichaapasisahayoglyaaune
1
:-=+= ==- =-+ +s=-
DenmarkmaasuchnaarajaankaripaThaaune
|= =+=+ == = +-= ==c -
A e..yosabaikaamkolaagikharchakahaabaaTaaauchhani?
|=|=+ = : -= =+ |=|=+ =-=- = ==c
B MSkokharchaDanishsarkaarraMSkosadasyaharubaaTaaauchha.
|=|=+ = =- += ==, +=
A MSkobaaremaasunnapaaudaakhusilaagyo,dhannyabaad
1
Vocabulary
=+= =-==
aapasisahayog mutualcooperation
=+
aaphai oneself
t=-
baDhaaunu toincrease
-
bannu tobecome
=
bicha between
-+
bikaas development
~-
bivinna different
=a
bykti person
+
chhetra area
daa when,while
:=
ityaadi etc.
=-+
jaankaari advocacy
=--
jastai suchas
=-
jati around,approximately
=-=
jilla district
= +-
jopani anybody
+=+-
kaaryakartaa worker
+=+=
kaaryakram program
+-
karib around
1
=
kharcha fund
khusi happy
+- +-
kunaipani+neg. noone,notone(lit:onealsoitdoesnt..)
-==-
lyaaunu tobring
=- =-
maanabsrot humanresource
=-=
maanis person
=-=-+ +
maanisharukosip humanrights
==
madhya central,middle
==
milera byjointeffort
=r=
mukhya main
-=+
naagarik citizen
+s=-
paThaaunu tosend
++
pharak different
=~
saajhedaar partner
=
sabai all
=-=
sadasya member
=-==
sahayog support
=-+-
sanskriti culture
=-
sansthaa organization
=+
sarkaar government
1
=+
sip skill
--=
sthaaniya local
==-
suchanaa information
---
tiniharu they
===
yasmaa init
==+
yasko its
Languagefocus
Timephrase(when.../while...):verbroot+daa(kheri)
IamveryhappytohaveheardaboutMS,thanks
Atimephrase(sunnapaaudaa=whenIgottohear.)isformedbyaddingdaa(kheri)totheverb
root.Thetimephraseisfollowedbythemainclause(khusilaagyo=.Iwashappy)
Demonstratives,adverbs,interrogatives,relativepronounsandnegatives
Seeappendixforacombinedchart!
Interrogatives,relativepronouns&negatives:
Interrogatives Relativepronouns:
definite
Relativepronouns:
indefinite
Negatives:
alwaysusedwiththe
negativeformofthe
verb(double
negative)
Usedinquestions Usedinstatements
kun which jun which junpani whichever kunaipani nothing
ko* who jo* who jopani anyboby kohipani nobody
kahaa where jahaa where jahaapani wherever kahipani nowhere
kataa towhere jataa towhere jataapani wherever kataapani nowhere
kasari how jasari as jasaripani anyway kasaripani noway
kahile when jahile when jahilepani whenever kahilepani never
kati howmany jati asmany jatipani whatever katipani notatall
kasto how jasto how jastopani however kastopani noway
ke what je what jepani whatever kehipani nothing
* thesewordschangeformintheobliquecase(+laai,leandmaa):
kaslaai
1
Demonstrativesandadverbs:
Demonstratives/adverbs:close Demonstratives/adverbs:distant
yo* this tyo* that
yahaa here tyahaa there
yataa tohere tyataa tothere
yaso inthisway tyaso inthatway
yasari inthisway tyasari inthatway
ahile/aba now tahile then,atthattime
yati thismuch tyati somuch
yasto such tyasto such,thus
1
LESSON15
Homework
2 Translatethefollowingsentences
1. WhenIwasinKathmandu,theweatherwasverynice
2. Whatarethemainprogramsofyourorganization?
3. AnybodycanrideonaTempo
4. Whocanbecomemembersofyourorganization?
5. MSNepalworkswithdifferentorganizationsinthewestandfarwest
6. Hedoesntdoanyworkatthehouse
3 Write5sentenceswithdifferentverbsinthepasttensewithdifferentsubjects(I,you/he/she,it,
we,they(low)),somepositiveandsomenegative
4 Paragraphwriting:
1 WriteafewsentencesaboutMS/DANIDA
2 WriteafewsentencesaboutMSNepal
3 Writeafewsentencesaboutyourjobwithyourpartner
4 Writeafewsentencesaboutyourpastworkexperience
5 PreparetheTask
6 Memorisethenumerals:allthetens:10,20,30,40,50,60,70,80,90,100
7 MemoriseDevanagari:otherconjunctandspecialcharactersaswellasthehalfcharacters
8 Listen:
9 Read:
1
Review4:
Lessons1315
1 ReviewLesson15:
1 Learningcontents:
Pairwork
2 2
nd
daydialogue:
Pairwork
3 Homework:
Pairwork
4 Listening:
Wholeclass
2 ReviewLessons1316:
1 Listening
TheteacherreadsthelisteningtextsforLessons1314
Discussionofdifficultpartsattheend
2 Speaking
Pairwork1:
Interview:Yourjob
Pairwork2:
Interview:Yourpartner/organization
3 Numerals
Bingo:
AregulargameofBingoisplayed
4 Devanagari
Pairwork1:
Pairwork2:
TaskfromLesson15
1
Dialoguesfor2
nd
day
Asversion
PleasedontlookatBsversionifyouareA
Ifyouhaveextratimeafterfinishingeachlessonyoumayswitchrolesofcourse
Incaseyouhaveproblems:
AskBtorepeathis/herquestions
TellByoudontunderstand
AskBtospeakslowly
AskBwhatthewordsyoudontunderstandmean
IncaseBhasproblems:
Repeatthequestions
Speakslowly
TrytokeeptoNepaliexcept:
TranslatewordswhichBsayss/hedoesntunderstand
Lesson1
1
A: AskBwhathis/hernameis
A: AnswerandaskBwheres/heisfrom
A: AnswerandaskBwhathis/herjobis
A: Answer
2
A: Respond
A: Answer
A: Answer
A: Answer
3
A: GetBsattention(=HeyB!)
A: AskBhowmanypencils(orsomethingelse)thereareonthetable
A: Takeapencil(orsomethingelse)andaskBwhoseitis
A: Answer
4
A: Respond
A: Answerandreturnthequestion
A: Respond
A: AskBtogiveyouhis/herpencil(orsomethingelse)
A: ThankB
1
Lesson2
1
A: AnswerandaskBwhenlunchis
A: Answer
2
A: AskBwhattimeitis
3
A: Answer
A: Answer(inKathmandu)
A: Answer
Lesson3
1
A: AskBwhichfoodss/helikes
A: AnswerandaskBwhichfoodss/hedoesntlike
A: AnswerandaskBwhetherfoodisavailableintheclass
A: AskBwhethers/heneedswater
A: Answer
2
A: Answer
A: Answer
Lesson4
1
A: AnswerandifBdoeshavechildrenreturnthequestion
Continuethedialoguegettingmoreinformationabouteachothersfamily
2
A: AskBhowmanypeoplethereareinhis/herfamily
A: AnswerandaskBwhothepeopleinhis/herfamilyare
A: Answer
1
Lesson5
1
A: AskBwhats/hedoesinthemorning
A: AnswerandaskwhatBdoesintheafternoon
A: AnswerandaskwhatBdoesintheevening
A: Answer
2
3
A: AskBwhens/hecleanshis/herroom
A: AnswerandaskBwhens/hegoestothemarket
A: Answer
Lesson6
1
A: Suggestaday
A: Respondifnecessaryandaskwhattime
A: Respond
2
A: AskBwhenwouldbeagoodtimeforhim/hertogoouttoeat
A: Agreeorsuggestanotherday
A: Suggestatime
Lesson7
1
A: AskBhowtogettotheRoyalPalacefromtheMSoffice
2
A: GiveBdirections
Lesson8
1
A: TellBthatyouarenotverywell
A: TellBthatyouhaveapainsomewhere
A: Answer
A: Answer
A: Answer
2
A: AskBhows/hefeels
A: AskBwhatsthematter
A: AskBwhenthisstarted
A: AskBwhythissituationhascomeabout
A: AskBwhethers/hewenttothedoctor
1
3
A: Replyandreturnthequestion
4
A: AskBwheres/helivedinDenmark
A: AnswerandaskBwhethers/hewasworkinginDenmark
A: AnswerandaskBwhatkindofworks/hedidinDenmark
A: Answer
Lesson9
1
A: AskBwhethers/hehasbeentoatailor
A: AnswerandifrelevantaskBwhats/hehadmadeatthetailors
A: Answerandaskaboutthetypeandpriceofthematerialandthesewingcharge
A: Answerandaskwherethetailoris
A: Answer
2
Lesson10
1
A: CommentonBsstatement
A: Reply
2
A: AskBwhattheweatherislikerightnowintheareaofhis/herposting
A: AnswerandaskBhowtheweatherofhis/herpostingingeneralcompareswithKathmandu
weather
A: AnswerandaskhowBfeelsabouttheweatherasfarashis/herpostingisconcerned
A: AnswerandaskBwhattheperfectclimatewouldbeinhis/heropinion
A: Answer
Lesson11
A: AskBwheres/heisgoingtowork
A: AnswerandaskBhowlongittakestogotherefromKathmandu
A: AnswerandaskBwhetherthereareotherforeignersworkinginhis/herarea
A: AnswerandaskBwhichethnicgroupsliveinhis/herarea
A: Answer
Lesson12
1
1
A: Reply
A: Reply
A: Replyandexplain
A: Reply
2
A: AskBwhichanimalsDanishfarmersraise
A: Commentifyoudontagree,andaskwhateachoftheanimalsisusedfor
A: Commentifyoudontagree,andaskBwhethermanypeopleinDenmarkmakecompost
A: AskBwhichtypeoffertilizerisusedinDenmark
Lesson13
1
A: AskBwhethertherearemanyprivateschoolsinDenmark
A: AskBwhatthedifferencebetweenprivateschoolsandpublicschoolsisinDenmark
A: AskBafterwhichgradethereisanexaminDenmark
A: AskBwhetherthereareotherexamsinDenmark
A: AskBatwhatagechildrenstartschoolinDenmark
A: AskBwhetherchildrenhavetogotoschoolinDenmark
2
Lesson14
1
2
A: AskBinwhichfields/subjectss/hewillbeworkinginhis/herorganization
A: AnswerandaskBwhathis/hermainjobresponsibilitieswillbe
A: AnswerandaskBwhethers/hehasdonesuchworkpreviously
A: Answer
1
Lesson15
1
A: AskBwhatkindoforganizationMSis
A: AskBwhereMSworks
A: AskBhowMSworks
A: AskBinwhichmainareas/subjectsMSworks
A: AskwherethefundingforMSsworkcomesfrom
2
3
A: AskBwhens/heisleavingforhis/herorganization
A: AnswerandaskBwherehis/herorganizationis
A: AnswerandaskBhows/heisgettingthere
A: AnswerandaskBhowlongittakestogetthere
A: Answer
1
Dialoguesfor2
nd
day
Bsversion
PleasedontlookatAsversionifyouareB
Ifyouhaveextratimeafterfinishingeachlessonyoumayswitchrolesofcourse
Incaseyouhaveproblems:
AskAtorepeathis/herquestions
TellAyoudontunderstand
AskAtospeakslowly
AskAwhatthewordsyoudontunderstandmean
IncaseAhasproblems:
Repeatthequestions
Speakslowly
TrytokeeptoNepaliexcept:
TranslatewordswhichAsayss/hedoesntunderstand
Lesson1
1
B: Answerandreturnthequestion
2
B: GetAsattention(=HeyA!)
B: AskAforthenameofsomeoneelseintheclass
B: AskAwherethatotherpersonisfrom
B: AskAwhatthatotherpersonsjobis
3
B: Respond
B: Answer
B: Answerandtakeabook(orsomethingelse)andaskAwhoseitis
4
B: SayhellotoA
B: AskwhetherAisOK
B: AnswerandaskAwherehis/herbook(orsomethingelse)is
B: AnswerandaskAtogiveyouhis/herbook(orsomethingelse)
B: ThankA
B: Respond
1
Lesson2
1
B: AskAwhentheteabreakis
B: Answerandaskwheretogoforlunch
2
B: Answer
3
B: AskAwhattodoonSaturdays
B: AskAwhereBouddhais
B: AskAhowtogotoBouddha
Lesson3
1
B: Answer
2
B: AskAwhichfruitsareavailableinKathmandu
B: AskAwhatoranges(orsomethingelse)cost
B: AskAhowNepalifoodis
B: Answer
Lesson4
1
B: AskAhowolds/heis
B: AnswerandaskAwhethers/heismarried
B: AnswerandaskwhetherAhasanychildren
B: Answerand(ifAdoeshavechildren)askhowmanygirls/boys
B: AnswerandaskAfortheagesofhis/herchildren(ifs/hedoeshaveany)
B: AnswerandaskAwherehis/herchildrenare(ifs/hehasany)
B: Answer
2
1
Lesson5
1
2
B: AskwhatAdoesafterbreakfast
B: AnswerandaskwhatAdoesafterlunch
B: AnswerandaskwhatAdoesafterdinner
B: Answer
3
Lesson6
1
B: AskAwhenwouldbeagoodtimeforhim/herforgoingtothemarket
B: Agreeorsuggestanotherday
B: Suggestatime
2
B: Suggestaday
B: Respondifnecessaryandaskwhattime
B: Respond
Lesson7
1
B: GiveAdirections
2
B: AskAhowtogettoKathmanduDurbarSquarefromtheMSoffice
Lesson8
1
B: AskAhows/hefeels
B: AskAwhatsthematter
B: AskAwhenthisstarted
B: AskAwhythissituationhascomeabout
B: AskAwhethers/hewenttothedoctor
2
B: TellAthatyouarenotverywell
B: TellAthatyouhaveapainsomewhere
B: Answer
B: Answer
B: Answer
3
B: AskAwhats/hedidyesterday
B: AnswerandaskAwhys/hedidwhats/hedidyesterday
B: Answer
1
4
B: Replyandreturnthequestion
Lesson9
1
B: Replyandreturnthequestionifrelevant
2
B: AskAwhethers/hehasboughtanythinginashopinNepal
B: AnswerandaskAwhats/hehasbought
B: AnswerandaskAaboutthepriceofwhats/hehasbought
B: AnswerandaskAhowmuchtheshopkeeperloweredtheprice
B: Answer
Lesson10
1
B: Makeacommentabouttodaysweather
B: AskAwhichmonthinDenmarks/helikesthebest
B: AnswerandaskAwhys/helikesthatparticularmonththebest
B: AnswerandaskAwhichmonthinDenmarks/helikestheleast
B: AnswerandaskAwhys/helikesthatparticularmonththeleast
B: AnswerandaskAduringwhichmonthinDenmarkitrainsthemost
2
Lesson11
1
Lesson12
1
B: AskAwhatthemaincropsinDenmarkare
B: Commentifyoudontagree,andaskAhowmanytimesayearitispossibletoplantin
Denmark
B: AskAwhetheritispossibletogrowriceinDenmark
B: AskAwhetherpeopleinDenmarkeatriceandwhereitcomesfrom
2
B: Reply
B: Reply
B: Reply
B: Reply
Lesson13
1
B: Reply
B: Reply
B: Reply
B: Reply
B: Reply
B: Replyandexplainforhowlong
2
B: AskAwhethers/hewenttoaprivateorpublicschool
B: AnswerandaskAforhowmanyyearss/hewenttoschool
B: AnswerandaskAwhichexams/hehas
B: Answer
Lesson14
1
B: AskAwhys/hecametoNepal
B: AnswerandaskAinwhichorganizations/hewillbeworking
B: AnswerandaskAwherethatorganizationis
B: AnswerandaskAwhatthenameofhis/herorganizationmeans
B: AnswerandaskAwhattypeoforganizations/heworksfor
B: AnswerandaskAwhatthemainworkofhis/herorganizationis
B: AnswerandaskAwherethefundingforhis/herorganizationsworkcomesfrom
B: Answer
2
1
Lesson15
1
B: Reply
B: Reply
B: Reply
B: Reply
B: Reply
2
B: AskAwheres/heworkedwhens/helivedinDenmark
B: AnswerandaskAwhats/hewouldliketodowhens/hegetsbacktoDenmark
B: AnswerandaskAwhetheritisdifficulttogethis/herkindofworkinDenmark
B: Answer
3
1
LISTENINGTEXTS
= -= =+= - , = -+= - -- + -= =- - -- + +-
-+= - = += + - , -- + += +- + - = = +- -
, = --+ +- - = : -= +- c , ==: - c-
Meronaamgopalho,merodeshNepalho.WahaakonaamgitahowahaakodeshpaniNepalho.mero
kaamsikchhyakho,wahaakokaampanisikchhyakho.Yomerokitaabho,tyowahaakokitaabho.mero
duiwaTaakitaabkahaachha,Malaaithaahaachhaina.
== ==- -, = -+= +== = =- , =-= -== = == c ; =-
= =- | =, == =t - = c , =+= c; += = c
Aajasombaarho,manepaliclass9bajejaane,guesthousemaachiyaachhuTTisawaadasbajerasawaa
eghaarabajelunchsaaDhe12bajechha.officechhuTTipaachbajechha.
==: =~- |+= =-+c - + =~= =-+- == - =s c -
== == + c ==: -= +- =-c -= , +s=-: + +- = c-
, = ===+ +- =+ - , s+ c , === +- ~= =-=
Malaaidaalbhaatekdammanparchhatarapirodaalbhaatmanpardaina.aajakhaanaaMiThochhatara
alialipirochha.malaaibeerpanichaahinchhadinus,Kathmandukopaaniraamrochhaina,ma
umaalekopaanimaatrakhaane,Thikchha,jammaakatibhayolinus.
= -- ~= , = +-= === = =- c- , = =-, |== c,
|== c = = =- + += + - = += +- + -, =
-- -- - == - --c , = |+=- : - --c , , ~: , -- c-
= +- =- c
Merobihaabhayo,meropariwaarmaajammaachaarjanaachhan,merosrimaaneuTaachhoraa,euTaa
chhorirama.merosrimaankokaamsikchhyakho.merokaampanisikchhyakho,merobaahunuhunna
taraaamaahunuhunchha,meroekjanaadaaimaatrahunuhunachha,didi,bhaai,bahinichhaina.mero
pariwaarsaanochha.
= --- =+ === + += =c , --- c = =sc ==+c +s-
=+ =c =- --| == c ==+c - -=c =- - | =+=
=c , =+= = = + += c , += +c = += = ==c
Mabihaanadekhibelukaasammadheraikaamgarchhu,bihaanachhabajeuThchhutyaspachhi
koThaaharusaphaagarchhuaninuhaaerachiyaakhaanchhutyaspachhikhanaabanaauchhuanikhaanaa
khaaeraofficejaanchhu,officemaamerodheraikaamchha,kaampachhimapaachbajegharaauchhu
1
= -== ~= - = s+ =- +c +-~- ==- -- -= + += c ,
~= --- - - - += +- = =+ s+ c ==+- = s+
~= - =- +c
Merobichaarmaabholi2bajeeuTaabaiThak(meeting)garnuparchhakinabhaneaaunehaptaa
haamrodheraikaamchha,bholibihibaar2taarikhhoparsisukrabarmeroarkobaiThakchha
tyaskaaranyobaiThakbholinaigarnuparchha.
-= -=- + == , =- -=-= s++ == +s -== -= ,
==- -- -= =+= + |-~= ==z c , ==+- -= =: |== s =
== =- -- = +s =-c -= ==z -- - + -c , : -
-=- + c=+= =c =-= - -= s= ~= -c ,= |+= =:=
-c
Hijohaamiharupokharaagayau,tyahaahaamiharulebaiThak(meeting)kolaagikoThaarahotal
heryau,aaunehaptaahaamroofficekoannualmeetingchha,tyaskaaranhaamilaaieuTaaThulosaya
janaabasneraamrokoThaachaahinchha.haamromeetingtindinkohunchha,duidinhaamiharudherai
chhalphalgarchhauraantimdinhaamroThulobhojhunchha,yoekdamramaailohunchha.
-+=+ = - = =: ===- + - = c +-~- =- + = -
== c- , = =:+ + = , -= -: -+ == += c- , s= s==
=- -: -: c-
NepalkobaaToharumaagaaDhichalaaunadherainaigaahaarochhakinabhaneyahaakobaaToharu
saangurochhan,sabaisaDakkodaayaa,baayaahiDnakolaagipeTichhaina,ThaauThaaumaabaaTo
harukhaalDaakhulDichhan.
= = |= |= =+= =t c- -=+ c , -: = =-= =c = =+
|= |= =+= -: =c = |= |= =+== - - +c
MerogharbaaTaMSofficeTaaDhaachhainanajikchha,hiDerabisminetlaagchha.MasadhaiMS
officehiDerajaanchhu.merogharMSofficebaaTadakchhintiraparchha.
-= = |== =-= =| , =- = = + -- | , - |+= =s =
- == ==: ==== += r= =- ==+ +- r= +-~- = = -===+
+- += == +- | ==+- == = + = r= , += == -
-c ==:- +- = -- =-= =+ - +c +- +- === =+
- +c +-~- +s=-: + +- =+ c- + =-
HijomaeuTaarestaurentgae,tyahaamailedheraikhaanaaharukhaae,khaanaaekdammiThothiyo
taraaajamalaaialialipeTdukhyoaniTaaaaukopanidukhyo,kinabhanemailenaumaalekopaanira
kaachosaladpanikhaaetyaskaaranaajameropetdukhyo,kaachosalaadkhaanahunchhataraaayoDin
paanimaa20/25minuTraakheramaatrakhaanuparchha.paanipaniumaaleramaatrakhaanuparchha
kinabhaneKathmandukopaanisaphaachhainakegarne.
1
== = = =c ==: |== +- =-=+ == ++: +- c , ++:
=-= c + =-- c ==: - c- |+ = +- =-= + == += ==
++: =-c -= ==: + == +=|+ +- =-= =- +-
==+- == = +-= ==+ + = =c =c ==+c = =|
++: +c
Aajamabajaarjaanchhu.MalaaieuTaakurtaasuruwaalkolaagikapaDaakinnuchha,kapaDaa
mahangochhakisastochhamalaaithaahaachhaina,ekjorkurtaasuruwaalkolaagipaachmiTar
kapaDaachaahinchhaholaa.Malaaidherailaamorakasiekokurtaasuruwaalmanpardainatyaskaaran
aajamapahilesujikaarkomaajanchhurasodhchhu.tyaspachhibajaargaerakapaDaakinchhu.
-+=+ =~ = =-- === +-+ - = =--= -= :: ,
-= =+ =+ , =- -== c = === = - + =: - + ==
|+= =:= -c -+== : -- =-- + =: -c +-=+- +-
+- ==== - == -c , =:=z =:z =c , -= = ==+c + +-
+c -+= = - - c- - == c-
Nepalkosabbhandaaraamromahinaaasojrakaartikho.yomahinaamaahariyoiDaaDaa,nilosaphaa
aakaas,setohimaldekhinchha.YomausammaanadheraijaaDonadheraigarmiekdamramaailo
hunchha.NepalmaaduitinmahinaadhraijaaDohunchhaaniduitinmahinaagarmiarubaakisabai
mahinaaharumaamausamraamraihunchha.kahilekaahipaaniparnemausammaadinadyaaro
hunchhagaDyaangguDunggarchhabijulichamkinchharadheraipaaniparchha.Nepalmaanadiharu
chhantarasamudrachhaina.
-+=+ ==- =:= c- == + --+- = -c ==+ =-= -
--- -c- +-~- == = s= = +- - - + =:- +- - -
=== =- = -c - ==-= +:c - = ==-- +: -
-:+ + == ==- = == = c - +-:+ + == == -= = =
= c- -: =- +c +- == - = a , +- + =-- c - +-
=== ==+ s = ==-= c
Nepalkogaauharuramaailaachhan.gaaukohaawaapaanipaniraamrohunchha.,gaaukomaanisharu
swasthahunchhankinabhanegaaumaaThulobajaarraphoharhudainaradheraigaaDiharupani
hudaina.gaaumaasaanobajaarhunchhakhaanechijbijpaainchhataraarusaamaanharu
paaidaina.taraaikodheraijasogauharumaamoTarbaaTochhatarapahaaDkodheraijasogaauharu
maamoTarbaaTochhainahiDerajaanuparchha.kehigaauharumaabatti,paanikobyabasthaachha
tarakehigaaumaayaskoThulosamasyaachha.
-+= + + - =- + =-= - - =c- , =-+ =r= -= +- ,
=+ , =- , == , = + -+ - - =- |+ -= -- +=+ -=
1
===c- =- + == === c +s=-: + +=- - - =c- -:
= + = +- , =- , - =+- - c -+= + +=- - =: -- -
+- +-c- , =:-- - = -= - + == +=c +=-- - +
== =:-- + == +=+= == +== =c-
Nepalkrisikodeshho,yahaadheraimaanisharukhetigarchhan,yahaakomukhyabaalidhaan,makai,
gahu,aaluraarudheraitarkaariharuho.yahaaekbarsamaatinpaTakbaalilagaainchha.yahaako
maaTomalilochha.Kthmandukaakisaanharukhetkhanchhantarataraaikaakisaanharukhet
jotchhan.taraaimaadherairaamrodhaan,gahu,toriutpaadanhunchha.Nepalkaakisaanharugaaibastu
harupanipaalchhan,gaaibastuharubaaTahaamiharududhramalpaauchhau.kisaanharukhetikolaagi
gaaibastukomalracampostmalprayoggarchhan.
== ~= -+== + -+= - c- +- =+ -+= +- :: -+= -
=+ -+= = |+ === - c =- += =+ : == +t=c- -
:: -+== |+ - +== === -c -= - : == +t:c
=-+ -+=+ =~ s = == |=|== - = == + +c -c
= -+== = == |+ +=+= - +c = == += ~| +c =+ =--
| +== +t- +=c-
AajabholiNepalmaadheraischoolharuchhan.KehisarkaarischoolrakehiborDingschoolharu.
SarkaarischoolmaaekdekhidasclasssammahunchhaanipaachclassdekhimaatraEnglish
paDhaainchhataraboardingschoolmaaekdekhibaaraclasssammahunchharanurserydekhinai
EnglishpaDhaainchha.YahaakoschoolkosabxbhandaaThulojaachS.L.C.ho.yojaachdasclass
pachhihunchha.SabaischoolleyojaachekaipaTakmaadinuparchha.yojaachpaasbhaepachhi
maatrauniharueghaaraclasspaDhnapaauchhan.
= |= |= -+=+ -+ +=+- - =-= = |== --= =-=: =-
c = -- - =: -== =--+-+ += = =- c =
=-=-- + c- , ---+ += +=== =- , +==-+ =
===- =- , +==-=: =-- -== - := = |== = =+
=- - = =-= -+ +==- = =-= = =-- - + -+ +
== += =c
MaMSNepalkobikaasekaaryakartaahu.AhilemaeuTaasthaaniyasansthaalaaimaddatdidaichhu.
Mawahaaharulaaitaalimrabyabasthapankokaammaamaddatdidaichhu.merouttardaaitwaharu
dheraichhan,wahaaharukochhetriyakaaryaalayajaane,pariyojanaakobaremaaadhyangarne,
karmachaariharulaaichaahinetaalimharudineityaadi.yoeuTaagairsarkaarisansthaho.Yosansthaa
lenaaphaakamaaudaina.Yosansthaalegaribjanataaharukobikaaskolaagikaamgarchha
1
VERBS NEPALIENGLISH
aaipugnu toarrive
aasaagarnu tohope
aaraamgarnu torest
aaunu tocome
baDhaaunu toincrease
baDhnu toimprove,toincrease,togrow
banaaunu tomake,prepare
bandagarnu toclose
basnu tosit,tostay,tolive
bhannu tosay,totell
bharparnu todepend
bheTnu tomeet
bichaargarnu tothink
birsanu toforget
bolaaunu tocall
bolnu tospeak
bujhnu tounderstand
chaahanu towant
chaahinu toneed
chhalphalgarnu todiscuss
chhunu totouch
chinnu toknow,torecognize
Daraaunu tobeafraid
dauDanu torun
dekhaaunu toshow
dekhnu tosee,tolook,towatch
dinu togive
disaagarnu toshit
dukhnu tohurt
duudhduhunu tomilk
gaaunu tosing
gannu tocount
garnu todo
ghaTaaunu tolower,tosubtract
haalnu toput,topour
haaknu todrive
haasnu tolaugh
hasaaunu tomakelaugh
herbichaargarnu tolookafter,totakecare
hernu tosee
hiDnu towalk
hunu tobe
jaannu toknow(technicalthings)
1
jaanu togo
jotnu toplough
kaamgarnu towork
kaaTnu tocut
kamaaunu toearn
khaanu toeat
khannu todig
khelnu toplay
khojnu tofindout,tosearch
kholnu toopen
khulnu toopen
kinmelgarnu toshop
kinnu tobuy
kosisgarnu totry
kuraagarnu totalk
laagnu tofeel
laagugarnu toimplement
laaunu towear
lagaaunu towear,toplant,toapply
lagnu totakealong
lekhnu towrite
linu totake
lyaaunu tobring
maajhnu toclean
maaphgarnu toforgive,toexcuse
maddatgarnu tohelp(smallthings)
manparnu tolike
marmatgarnu torepair
moDnu toturn
naachnu todance
naapnu tomeasure
paalnu toraise(kids,animals)
paaunu toget,tohave,tofind,toreceive
paDhaaunu toteach
paDhnu tostudy
paniparnu torain
pharkhanu toreturn
phohor garnu tomakedirty
pisaabgarnu tourinate
prayoggarnu touse
pugnu toreach
purnu tocover,toput
raakhnu toput
roknu tostop
sahayoggarnu tosupport,tohelp(bigthings)
saknu tobeableto,can
sapanaadekhnu todream
1
saphaagarnu toclean
siddhinu tofinish
sikaaunu toteach
siknu tolearn
siunu tosew
sodhnu toask
sunnu tolisten
surugarnu tostart
sutnu tosleep
swiikaargarnu toagree
thaalnu tostart
tirnu topay
uDnu tofly
umaalnu toboil
1
VERBS ENGLISHNEPALI
toagree swiikaargarnu
toarrive aaipugnu
toask sodhnu
tobeableto,can saknu
tobeafraid Daraaunu
tobe hunu
toboil umaalnu
tobring lyaaunu
tobuy kinnu
tocall bolaaunu
toclean maajhnu
toclean saphaagarnu
toclose bandagarnu
tocome aaunu
tocount gannu
tocover,toput purnu
tocut kaaTnu
todance naachnu
todepend bharparnu
todig khannu
todiscuss chhalphalgarnu
todo garnu
todream sapanaadekhnu
todrive(excar) haaknu
toearn kaamaaunu
toeat khaanu
tofeel laagnu
tofindout,tosearch khojnu
tofinish siddhinu
tofly uDnu
toforget birsanu
toforgive,toexcuse maaphgarnu
toget,tohave,tofind,toreceive paaunu
togive dinu
togo jaanu
tohelp(smallthings) maddatgarnu
tohope aasaagarnu
tohurt dukhnu
toimplement laagugarnu
toimprove,toincrease,togrow baDhnu
toincrease baDhaaunu
1
toknow(technicalthings) jaannu
toknow,torecognize chinnu
tolaugh haasnu
tolearn siknu
tolike manparnu
tolisten sunnu
tolookafter,totakecare herbichaargarnu
tolower,tosubtract ghaTaaunu
tomakedirty phohor garnu
tomakelaugh hasaaunu
tomake,toprepare banaaunu
tomeasure naapnu
tomeet bheTnu
tomilk duudhduhunu
toneed chaahinu
toopen kholnu
toopen khulnu
topay tirnu
toplay khelnu
toplough jotnu
toput raakhnu
toput,topour haalnu
torain paniparnu
toraise(kids,animals) paalnu
toreach pugnu
torepair marmatgarnu
torest aaraamgarnu
toreturn pharkhanu
torun dauDanu
tosay,totell bhannu
tosee hernu
tosee,tolook,towatch dekhnu
tosew siunu
toshit disaagarnu
toshop kinmelgarnu
toshow dekhaaunu
tosing gaaunu
tosit,tostay,tolive basnu
tosleep sutnu
tospeak bolnu
tostart surugarnu
tostart thaalnu
tostop roknu
tostudy paDhnu
tosupport,tohelp(bigthings) sahayoggarnu
totakealong lagnu
totake linu
1
totalk kuraagarnu
toteach paDhaaunu
toteach sikaaunu
tothink bichaargarnu
totouch chhunu
totry kosisgarnu
toturn moDnu
tounderstand bujhnu
tourinate pisaabgarnu
touse prayoggarnu
towalk hiDnu
towant chaahanu
towear laaunu
towear,toplant,toapply lagaaunu
towork kaamgarnu
towrite lekhnu
1
BasicLanguageTraining:PartOne
VocabularyList
1
Postpositions
ko of,'s(possessive)
PeterkodeshDenmarkho Peter'scountryisDenmark
maa at,in,on(location)
KathmanduNepaalmaachha KathmanduisinNepal
laai to,for(benefit)Indicatestheindirectobject
Malaaikalamdinus! Pleasegivemethepen!
kolaagi for(purpose)
Yokeraphalphulsaladkolaagiho Thisbananaisforfruitsalad
(e)pachhi after
5minutepachhimapheriaauchhu I'llbebackin5minutes
PaaniumaalepachhimaTermosmaaraakchhu
AfterboilingthewaterIputitinthethermos
baaTa from(location)
MaMSbaaTaaae IcamefromMS
dekhi since,from(time)
MaNepaalmaa1998dekhibasekochhu
IhavelivedinNepalsince1998
samma to,until
KathmandubaaTaPokharasammakatisamayalaagchha?
HowlongdoesittaketogetfromKathmandutoPokhara?
sanga with
Masangajholaachhaina Idon'thaveabag
sita with
Masitajholaachhaina Idon'thaveabag
tira towards
PatanKathmandubaaTadakchhintiraparchha
PatanissouthofKathmandu
kobaaremaa about,concerning
YokitaabNepaalkobaaremaaho ThisbookisaboutNepal
naajik near
SummitHotelBagmatinaajikchha
SummitHotelisnearBagmati
1
bhandaa than
PatanbhandaaKathmanduThulochha
KathmanduisbiggerthanPatan
le by
Theagentivecasemarkerforthesubjectoftransitiveverbsinthepasttense.
Peterlechhiyabanaaunubhayo Petermadetea
Theinstrumentalcasemarkerforathingusedforsomeaction.
Umaalekopaanilechhiyabanaaunuparchha
Youmustmaketeausingboiledwater
Thecausativecasemarkerforsubjectsofcausativeverbs
Yoausadhilenindraalaagchha
Thismedicinemakesyousleepy
agaaDi infrontof
MerobicycleMSagaaDichha MybicycleisinfronofMS
Aghi/agaaDi/pahile ago
EkhaptaagihaamiNaamoBuddhagaayau
OneweekagowewenttoNaamoBuddha
Bhaekole dueto,beacuseof
BaaTosaanghurobhaekoledurghaTanaahunchha
Beausetheroadsarenarrow,thereareaccidents
Anusaar accordingto
HaawaapaanianusaarNepallaaitinbhaagmaabaaDnasakinchha
Nepalcanbedividedinto3partsaccondingtoclimate
Baahira outside
KathmandubaahiradheraiThaaumaabaaTochhaina
ManyplacesoutsideKathmanduhavenoroads
Dwaaraa through
Bidesisahayogtaalimharudwaaraagarinchha
Foreignaidisgiventhroughtraining
Bhitra inside
MomokogolaalaaimomopakaaunebhaaDobhitraraakhnus
Putthemomoballsintothethemomopot
1
sentencestructure
Questionswithinterrogatives
subject interrogative verb
kitaab
book
kahaa
where
chha
is
class
class
katibaje
whattime
suruhunchha
starts
yo
this
ke
what
ho
is
yokitaab
thisbook
kosko
whose
ho
is
tapaaikodesh
yourcountry
kun
which
ho
is
keraa
bananas
katirupiya
howmanyRupies
parchha
cost
keraa
bananas
kasto
how
chha
are
tapaai
you
kahile
when
jaanuhunchha
go
tapaai
you
kina
why
jaanuhunchha
go
tapaai
you
kasari
how
jaanuhunchha
go
katiwaTaakera
howmanyitemsbananas
chahinchha
areneeded
Patan
Patan
katatira
whichdirection
parchha
is
1
sentencestructure
Declaratives&questionswithoutinterrogatives
Time Indirect
object+
post
position
Subject Place+
post
position
Object/
Predicate
Verb
ma
I
jaanchhu
go
ma
I
bidyaarthi
student
hu
am
Nepal
Nepal
raamro
good
chha
is
kitaab
book
mechmaa
chairon
chha
is
merochhora
chhori
mychildren
chha
exist
masanga
mewith
kitaab
book
chha
exists
malaai
meto
keraa
bananas
manparchha
please
ma
I
keraa
bananas
khaanchhu
eat
maile
I
keraa
bananas
khaane
ate
aaja
today
ma
I
keraa
bananas
khaanchhu
eat
ajaa
today
ma
I
classmaa
classin
keraa
bananas
khaanchhu
eat
ma
I
baschhu
sit
ma
I
mechmaa
chairon
baschhu
sit
ajaa
today
ma
I
mechmaa
chairon
baschhu
sit
malaai
meto
keraa
bananas
dinus
pleasegive
1
1
Verbtenses:positive
Infinitive: garnu=todo(atgoere)
*=add
nazalization
nutid fortid fremtid
present present
progressive
past past
habitual
past
progressive
present
perfect
past
perfect
future
does isdoing did wasdoing wasdoing hasdone haddone willdo
goer ervedatgoere gjorde plejedeat
goere
varvedatgoere hargjort havde
gjort
vilgoere
person
ma/maile garchhu gardaichhu gare garthe gardaithie gareko
chhu
gareko
thie
garulaa
tapaai(le)
tapaaiharu(le)
wahaa(le)
wahaaharu(le)
garnu
hunchha
gardaihunu
hunchha
garnu
bhayo
garnu
hunthyo
gardai
hunuhunthyo
garnu
bhaeko
chha
garnu
bhaeko
thiyo
garnu
holaa
u/usle garchha gardaichha garyo garthyo gardaithiyo gareko
chha
gareko
thiyo
garlaa
haami(le)*
haamiharu(le)
*
timi(le)
timiharu(le)
garchhau gardaichhau garyau garthyau gardaithiyau garekaa
chhau
garekaa
thiyau
garaulaa
17
uniharu(le) garchhan gardaichhan gare garthe gardaithie garekaa
chhan
garekaa
thie
garlaan
Verbtenses:negative
infinitive:
garnu=todo
(atgoere)
*=add
nazalization
nutid fortid
present present
progressive
past past
habitual
past
progressive
present
perfect
past
perfect
doesnot isnotdoing didnot wasnotdoing wasnotdoing hasnot
done
hadnot
done
goerikke erikkevedat
goere
gjorde
ikke
plejedeikke
atgoere
varikkevedat
goere
harikke
gjort
havde
ikkegjort
person
ma/maile gardina gardai
chhaina
garina gardinathe gardaithiina gareko
chhaina
gareko
thiina
tapaai(le)
tapaaiharu(le)
wahaa(le)
wahaaharu(le)
garnu
hunna
gardai
hunuhunna
garnu
bhaena
garnu
hunnathyo
gardai
hunuhunnathyo
garnu
bhaeko
chhaina
garnu
bhaeko
thiena
u/usle gardaina gardai
chhaina
garena garnathyo gardaithiena gareko
chhaina
gareko
thiena
haami(le)*
haamiharu(le)
gardainau gardai
chhainau
garenau garnathyau gardaithienau garekaa
chhainau
garekaa
thienau
17
*
timi(le)
timiharu(le)
uniharu(le) gardainan gardai
chhainan
garenan garnathe gardaithienan garekaa
chhainan
garekaa
thienan
17
Verbtenses:positiveandnegative
Infinitive: hunu =tobe,tobecome(atvaere,atblive)
*=add
nazalization
chha
description(withadjectives)
existence,location
ho
identification(withnouns)
present past present past
positive negative positive negative positive negative positive negative
is isnot was wasnot is isnot became didnot
become
er erikke var varikke er erikke blev blevikke
person
ma chhu chhaina thie thiina hu hoina bhae bhaina
tapaai(haru)
wahaa(haru)
hunu
hunchha
hunu
hunna
hunu
hunthyo
hunu
hunnathiyo/
hunu
hunthiena
hunu
hunchha
hunu
hunna
hunu
bhayo
hunu
bhaena
u chha chhaina thiyo thiena ho hoina bhayo bhaena
haami(haru)
*
timi(haru)
chhau chhainau thiyau thienau hau hoinau bhayau bhaenau
uniharu chhan chhainan thie thienan hun hoinan bhae bhaenan
17
Verbendings:positive&negative
*=add
nazalization
nutid fortid fremtid
present present
progressive
past past
habitual
past
progressive
present
perfect
past
perfect
future
person
ma/maile chhu/dina dai
chhu/
chhaina
e/ina the/nathe dai
thie/thiina
eko
chhu/
chhaina
eko
thie/
thiina
ulaa
tapaai(le)
tapaaiharu(le)
wahaa(le)
wahaaharu(le
)
nu
hunchha/
hunna
dai
hunchha/
hunu
hunna
nu
bhayo/b
haena
nu
hunthyo/h
unnathyo
daihunu
hunthyo/
hunnathyo
nubhaeko
chha/chhaina
nu
bhaeko
thiyo/
thiena
nu
holaa
u/usle chha/
daina
dai
chha/
chhaina
yo/
ena
thyo/
nathyo
dai
thiyo/thiena
eko
chha/chhaina
eko
thiyo/
thiena
laa
haami(le)*
haamiharu(le)*
timi(le)
timiharu(le)
chhau/
dainau
dai
chhau/
chhainau
yau/
nau
thyau/
nathyau
dai
thiyau/
thienau
ekaa
chhau/
chhainau
ekaa
thiyau/
thienau
aulaa
uniharu(le) chhan/
dainan
dai
chhan/
e/
enan
the/nathe dai
thie/thienan
ekaa
chhan/
ekaa
thie/
laan
17
chhainan chhainan thienan
18
Interrogatives,relativepronouns,negatives,demonstratives&adverbs
Interrogatives Relativepronouns:
definite
Relative
pronouns:
indefinite
Negatives:
alwaysusedwith
thenegativeform
oftheverb
Demonstratives/
adverbs:
close
Demonstratives/
adverbs:
distant
Usedinquestions Usedinstatements
kun which jun which jun
pani
which
ever
kunai
pani
nothing
ke what je what je
pani
whatever kehi
pani
nothing
kahaa where jahaa where jahaa
pani
wherever kahi
pani
nowhere yahaa,
yahi
here tyahaa there
kataa to
where
jataa towherever jataa
pani
to
wherever
kataai
pani
tono
where
yataa to
here
tyataa tothere
kasari how jasari,
jaso
as jasari
pani
anyway kasari
pani
noway yasari,
yaso
inthis
way
tyasari,
tyaso
inthat
way
kahile when jahile when jahile
pani
whenever kahile
pani
never ahile/aba now tahile then,at
that
time
kati how
many
jati asmuchas,
approximatel
y
jati
pani
however
many
katii
pani
none yati this
much
tyati somuch
kasto how jasto as,like jasto
pani
however kasto
pani
noway yasto such tyasto such,
thus
ko* who jo* who jo*
pani
anybody kohi*
pani
nobody yo* this tyo* that
* Allthesewordschangeformintheobliquecase(+laai,le,ormaa):
kaslaai,jaslaai,etc
kasle,jasle,etc
181
18
NUMERALS
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
0
sunna das bis tis chaalis pachaas saaThi sattari as(s)i nabbe
1
ek eghaara ekkaais ektis ekchaalis ekaaunna eksaThThi ekahattar ekaasi ekaanabbe
2
dui baarha baais battis bayaalis baaunna ba(i)saThThi bahattar bayaasi bayaa(n)nabbe
3
tin terha teis tettis trichaalis/
triyaalis
tripanna trisaThThi trihattar triyaasi triyaa(n)nabbe
4
chaar chaudha chaubis chautis chawaalis chaunna/
chauwanna
chausaThThi chauhattar chauraasi chauraa(n)nabbe
5
paach pandhra pachchis paitis paitaalis pachpanna paisaThThi pach(a)hattar pachaasi panchaa(n)nabbe
6
chha sor(h)a chhabbis chhattis chhayaalis chhapanna chhaisaThThi chha(i)hattar chhayaasi chhayaa(n)nabbe
7
saat satra sattaais saitis satchaalis santaaunna satsaThThi sat(a)hattar sataasi santaa(n)nabbe
8
aaTh aThaara aThThaais aThtis aThchaalis anThaaunna aThsaThThi aTh(a)hattar aThaasi anThaa(n)nabbe
9
nau unnais unantis unanchaalis Unan(pa)chaas unansaaThi unansattari unaasi unaanabbe unaansae
100 sae
1000 hajaar
10.000 dashajaar
100.000 laakh
1000.000 daslaa
18

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