ECE 2312 Sem 2 0506

Experiment # 9- Active Filters Low-Pass, High-Pass and Bandpass Filters Venue : Electronic and Instrumentation Lab, E2 Aims Identify the technique for synthesizing the voltage ratio H(s) = Vout / Vin Determine a network that can provide a desired transfer function Identify a single-pole filter and determine its gain and critical frequency Identify a two-pole filter and determine its gain and critical frequency Explain how a higher roll-off rate is achieved by cascading low-pass filters Materials Required Resistance Capacitance A741 op-amp Function generator DC supplies Traning kit PSpice programme Procedure 1. Measure the components values for three types of filters (single-pole active low pass filter, two-pole active low-pass filter and single-pole active high-pass filter) and fill in the Table 9.1. The nominal values are R10=14.8k, R11=15.0k, R12=3.9k, R13=6.8k, R15=10.0k, C6=2.4nF, C7=1.2nF, C8=1.2nF, C9=5.4nF. R10 R11 R12 R13 R15 C6 C7 C8 C9

Table 9.1 : Measured values of components used Active Low-Pass Filter 2. Construct a single pole low-pass filter as shown in Figure 9.1. Note that the trainers op amp is A741 as indicated in the schematic.

ECE 2312 Sem 2 0506

Figure 9.1 : Single-pole active low-pass filter 3. Using the measured component values, calculate the theoretical cutoff frequency, fc = 1/2RC 4. With a fixed input voltage Vi = 5Vrms, vary the frequency over the range f=100Hz to f=100kHz and record down the corresponding output voltage taken at point 6 with respect to ground as given in Table 9.2. Turn OFF the supplies.
Freq. Vin Vout 1 pole Vout 2 poles Voltage ratio (dB) 1 pole (exp.) Voltage ratio (dB) 1 pole (PSpice) % error Voltage ratio (dB) 2 poles (exp.) Voltage ratio (dB) 1 pole (PSpice) % error

100 Hz 1 kHz 20 kHz 50 kHz 80 kHz 100 kHz

5Vrms 5Vrms 5Vrms 5Vrms 5Vrms 5Vrms

1 pole - fc (calculated) =_____ ; fc(experimental)=______ , % error = ______; 2 pole - fc (calculated) =_____ ; fc(experimental)=______ ; % error = ______;

fc (PSpice) =_____ ; fc (PSpice) =_____ ;

Table 9.2 : Response of a single-pole and a two-poles active low-pass active filter 5. On a separate graph using semilog scale, manually plot the voltage gain in dB vs. frequency and indicate the experimental cutoff (3 dB) frequency. Discuss the frequency response. 6. Construct a two-pole active low-pass filter as shown in Figure 9.2. 7. Repeat steps 3, 4 and 5.
2

ECE 2312 Sem 2 0506

8. By means of measured components values, use Pspice to simulate theoretical results by plotting voltage gain in dB over frequency curves in semilog scales for both cases. Mark points of interest at each step of frequency for closedloop voltage gain and critical frequency in the PSpice extrapolated curve. Find some sample error for gain and cutoff frequency and complete Table 9.2. Give the numerical expression of the transfer function H(s) = Vo/Vi for the circuit considering passive realization.

Figure 9.2 : Two-pole active low-pass filter Active High-Pass Filter 9. Construct a high-pass filter as shown in Figure 9.3.

ECE 2312 Sem 2 0506

Figure 9.3 : Single-pole active high-pass filter 10. Repeat steps 3, 4, 5, and 8 (only one case) substituting Table 9.2 with Table 9.3 below.
Freq. 100 Hz 500 Hz 1 kHz 5 kHz 10 kHz 20 kHz Vin 5Vrms 5Vrms 5Vrms 5Vrms 5Vrms 5Vrms Vout Voltage ratio (dB) (exp.) Voltage ratio (dB) (PSpice)

% error

Table 9.3 : Response of an active high-pass active filter

Your discussion and conclusion should include but not limited to elaborating each point of the aims.

Assignment # 9 PSpice Families of Curves, The Parametric Mode 1. Study the example given in the accompanying notes given earlier for Families of Curves, The Parametric Mode using AC analysis in frequency domain. Students are advised to have other MicroSim Pspice and for windows related reference. 2. Draw the circuit in Figure 9.4 given below.

Figure 9.4 : Multiple feedback narrow bandpass filter

6.0V (136.072,5.9008) (124.962,4.1720) (149.965,4.1720) 4.0V (177.555,3.6179) (157.540,2.5580) (198.238,2.5580) Use this command for cursor search 2.0V (305.611,1.2321) (252.114,871.000m) (371.480,871.000m) R2=25 kiloohm; fr=306Hz sf#1#(200,400)1:le(0.871,p) sb#1#(200,400)1:le(0.871,p) R2=75 kiloohm; fr=178Hz R2=125 kiloohm; fr=136Hz; BW=fh-fl

0V 0.1KHz

0.2KHz V(Vin:+)

0.3KHz V(R5:2)

0.4KHz

0.5KHz

0.6KHz

0.7KHz

0.8KHz

0.9KHz

1.0KHz

Frequency

Figure 9.5 : Narrowband filter response for various values of feedback resistance R2

ECE 2312 Sem 2 0506

3. 4.

Study the PSPICE program in the appended notes for parameter values and analysis setup. Note the addition of R5 = 1. Simulate the circuit and find the resonant frequency by using cursor to acquire the peak values. Label the peak values as illustrated in Figure 9.5 above. Write proper titles for schematic (.sch) and graphs (.dat) for submission. Find the bandwidth and quality factor and complete Table 9.4 below. Resistor (k) 25 75 125 Resonant frequency (Hz) Bandwidth (Hz) Q-factor

Table 9.4 : Center frequency, bandwidth, and Q factor for a narrow bandpass filter for various values of feedback R2
Marking scheme 1. Report Tabulated results (1x 3pts. = 3pts.) 6 Plots experimental & theoretical (6 x 0.5pt. = 3pts.) Discussion & Conclusion, and derivation of H(s) as in notes (2pts. + 2pts. = 4pts.) Total points = 10 2. Assignment #9 PSpice simulation; schematic, plot and table (2pts. + 4pts.+ 4pts =10 pts.)