Hockey and how to play it

Invetigation of technology
CARLOS PIERLUISI SIERRA

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INDEX
GAMEPLAY..3 HISTORY5 RULES 7 CHARACTERISTICS 8 FAMOUS PLAYERS ..9

INTRODUCTION ce hockey is a sport played on an ice rink with ice skates. Players use hockey sticks to propel a flat hockey puck on the ice and into a goal. At the end of the allotted time, the team with the most goals wins the game. Ice hockey is a very popular sport world wide. In the United States and Canada hockey is popular at both the college and professional level. Hockey is a very fast and exciting sport. Hockey players skate at very high speeds, running into each other with great force, but skating and controlling the puck with great dexterity. The

combination of skill, speed, toughness, and action has made hockey a popular sport to watch as well as play GAMEPLAY The Hockey Rink The hockey rink is 200 feet long and 85 feet wide. It has rounded corners to allow the puck to keep moving even through the corners. There is a goal at each end of the rink with room (13 feet) behind the goal for hockey players to skate around it. There is a red line dividing the center of the hockey rink. There are two blue lines on each side of the red lines that divide the rink into three zones: 1) The Defending Zone - the area behind the blue line 2) The Attack Zone -the area behind the other teams blue line 3) The Neutral Zone - the area between the blue lines

There are also five face-off areas. There is one face-off circle at the center of the hockey rink and two at each end. Ice Hockey Players Each hockey team has 6 players on the rink at a time: the goaltender, two defensemen, and three forwards (left, right, and center). Although the defensemen are primarily defenders and the forwards are primarily goal scorers, all the hockey players are responsible for whatever action is happening on the rink. The hockey puck moves fast and so do the players. Defensemen will often be involved in the offense and forwards are responsible for defending their area of the hockey rink. The forwards and defensemen often play as units called lines. The forward lines change often to give these hockey players rest during the game. Defense lines change as well, but not as often. The goalie usually plays the whole game unless he begins to struggle. Then the goalie may be replaced for another goalie. Ice Hockey Equipment Each hockey player wears skates, pads, and a helmet at all times. They each have a hockey stick as well which is how they hit and guide the puck. The puck is a flat smooth hard rubber disk. Hard slap shots can cause the puck to travel at speeds of 90 miles per hour or more.

HISTORY There are many examples of games throughout history incorporating hitting a ball on an ice-covered surface which predate hockey. IJscolf, a game resembling colf on an ice-covered surface, was popular in the Low Countries between the Middle Ages and the Dutch Golden Age. It was played with a wooden curved bat (called a colf or kolf), a wooden or leather ball and two poles (or nearby landmarks), with the objective to hit the chosen point using the least number of strokes. A similar game (knattleikr) had been played for a thousand years or more by the Vikings, as documented in the Icelandic sagas. However, modern hockey is believed to have evolved from outdoor stick-and-ball games adapted to the icy conditions of Canada during the 19th century The games of British soldiers and immigrants to Canada (influenced by First Nations stick-andball games) may have influenced the game played on ice skates (often with a

puck) with sticks made by the Mi'kmaq people of Nova Scotia. Another theory is that the game was introduced by Icelandic immigrants adapting the game of knattleikr. These immigrants moved to Canada and the U.S. after the eruption of a volcano in Iceland in 1875. Immigrants from Iceland played for Canada, winning the first Olympic medal in hockey.[6] These games provided recreation for British soldiers. Canadian oral histories describe a traditional stick-and-ball game played by the Mi'kmaq in eastern Canada, and Silas Tertius Rand (in his 1894 Legends of the Micmacs) describes a Mi'kmaq ball game known as tooadijik. Rand also describes a game played (probably after European contact) with hurleys, known as wolchamaadijik.[7] Stick-and-ball games date back to pre-Christian times. In Europe, these games included Irish sport hurling, the closely related Scottish sport shinty and versions of field hockey (including "bandie ball," played in England). European immigrants to Canada brought their games, adapting them to the icy conditions. The name "hockey" has no clear origin, although its first known mention in English dates to 1363.[8][9]

"Ye Gude Olde Days" from Hockey: Canada's Royal Winter Game, 1899 Early 19th-century paintings depict shinney (or "shinny"), an early form of hockey with no standard rules which was played in Nova Scotia.[citation needed] Many of these early games absorbed the physical aggression of what the Mi'kmaq in Nova Scotia called dehuntshigwa'es (lacrosse). Shinney was played on the St. Lawrence River at Montreal and Quebec City, and in Kingston[10] and Ottawa, Ontario. The number of players was often large. To this day, shinney (derived from "shinty") is a popular Canadian[11] term for an informal type of hockey, either ice or street hockey. In 1825, John Franklin wrote "The game of hockey played on the ice was the morning sport" on Great Bear Lake during one of his Arctic expeditions. A mid1830s watercolor portrays New Brunswick lieutenant governor Archibald Campbell and his family with British soldiers on skates playing a stick-on-ice sport. Captain R.G.A. Levinge, a British Army officer in New Brunswick during Campbells time, wrote about "hockey on ice" on Chippewa Creek (a tributary of the Niagara River) in 1839. In 1843 another British Army officer in Kingston, Ontario wrote, "Began to skate this year, improved quickly and had great fun at hockey on the ice."[10] An 1859 Boston Evening Gazette article referred to an early game of hockey on ice in Halifax that year.[12]

Thomas Chandler Haliburton, in The Attache: Second Series (published in 1844), reminisced about boys from King's College School in Windsor, Nova Scotia playing "hurly on the long pond on the ice" when he was a student there in 1810 and earlier.[7][12] Based on Haliburton's account, there have been claims that modern hockey was invented in Windsor, Nova Scotia, by King's College students and named after an individual (Colonel Hockey's game).[13] Others claim that the origins of hockey come from games played in the area of Dartmouth and Halifax in Nova Scotia.

RULES

1) Icing in Hockey The rule of icing is key to hockey play. The rule is intended to keep defending teams from just smacking the puck to the other end of the rink every time they were pressured by the offense. This would make it even more difficult to score and would also make the game a bit boring. Icing is called when a player his the puck across the red line towards the attack zone and:

The puck is not aimed at the net. The puck must get all the way to the other end of the rink without a defender being able to touching it. This is up to the linesmen to determine. If an offensive player touches the puck before or just after it hits the other end of the rink, there is no icing. Icing is not called on the short handed team during a power play.

If icing is called then the puck comes all the way back to the defensive zone for a face-off. 2) Offside in Hockey

When moving the puck into the attack zone, the puck must enter the zone before any offensive player or offside is called. This means that any time the puck leaves the offensive zone all the offensive players have to come back over the blue line and then get the puck back into the offensive zone before they enter it. If you are ever watching a hockey game and wondering "why are those guys are skating back and why is that guy skating parallel to the blue line instead of attacking?". Well, now you know. There is also offside for a two-line pass. This is where a pass is made from the defensive zone over the blue line and the red line before it's touched by another offensive player. 3) Hockey Penalties As in many sports, there are many possible penalties in ice hockey. Unlike many others sports, the hockey player committing the penalty may have to go to the penalty box for a length of time and his team will have to play short-handed. This is called a power play for the other team and is a great scoring opportunity. Some hockey penalties include: Boarding - A violent check of a hockey player when they are facing the boards. They get smashed up against the boards and can get injured. Cross-checking - checking another player with your hockey stick held in front of your body in both hands. Elbowing - That's right no elbows. Use your shoulders! High Sticking - hitting another hockey player above the shoulder with the stick. Holding - grabbing another player or another player's hockey stick. Hooking - using the hockey stick or blade to hold up another players progress. Tripping - That's right you can't trip or you go to the penalty box. Other hockey rules surround the crease or area around the goal. Players must not interfere with the goaltender inside the crease.

CHARACTERISTICS Ice hockey is a team sport played on ice, in which skaters use wooden or composite sticks to shoot a hard rubber hockey puck (hockey puck is composed of vulcanized hard rubber) into their opponent's net to score points. In theUnited States and Canada, where the sport is very popular, it is known simply as "hockey"; however, the name ice hockey is used by their own governing body (IIHF) and in most other countries. There the word hockey is generally reserved for another form of the sport, such as field hockey or roller hockey. The game is played between two teams with six players (five skaters and a goalie) on the ice. A team usually consists of four lines of three forwards, three pairs of defensemen, and two goalies. Five members of each team skate up and down the ice trying to take the puck and score a goal against the opposing team. Each team has a goaltender who tries to stop the puck from going into the goal or "net." A fast-paced physical sport, hockey is most popular in areas of North America (particularly in Canada and northern parts of the United States) and Europe that are sufficiently cold for natural reliable seasonal ice cover. With the advent of indoor artificial ice rinks hockey has become a year-round pastime in some areas. In North America, the National Hockey League (NHL) is the highest level for men, and the most popular. It is the official national winter sport of Canada,[1] where the game enjoys immense popularity. The first organized game was played on March 3, 1875, in Montreal, Canada. Field hockey, commonly known as hockey, is a team sport which is played between two teams of eleven players with hockey sticks and a ball, it is known as one of the easiest sports there is. At the turn of the 21st century, the game is played globally, with particular popularity throughout Europe, Asia, Oceania, and South America with it being the national sport of Pakistan and India. In Canada, the United States and parts of Europe where the sport of ice hockey is very popular, the sport is known as "field hockey". During play, goal keepers are the only players who are allowed to touch the ball with any part of their body (with the exception of a player's hand be considered 'part of the stick'), with this only applying within the shooting circle (also known as the D, or shooting arc), while field players play the ball with the flat side of their stick. The team that scores the most goals by the end of the match, wins. If the score is tied at the end of the game, either a draw is declared or the game goes into extra time and/or a penalty shootout, depending on the competition's format.

FAMOUS HOCKEY PLAYERS 10. Mark Messier Second in the NHL for most career games and points. He

played under Gretzky's shadow in Edmonton where he won five Stanley Cups and then went to the New York Rangers where he won their first Stanley Cup in 50 years after he personally guaranteed the Rangers would a game over the New Jersey Devils. What makes Messier truly great is not his toughness or point scoring but his leadership which is recognized as the greatest leader of all-time. 9. Scott Stevens Scott Stevens was a big part of the trap defense of the 1990's. His toughness and solid defensive play won the devils three cups in a 30 team NHL is less than 10 years. Stevens is the league's greatest body checker of all-time who like Richard scared opponents with his eyes alone. He finally won his award in 2003 when he won the Conn Smythe for winning his third Stanley Cup for the devils .

8. Guy Lafleur Guy Lafleur was part of the 1970's Canadiens which is considered one of the most dominant dynasties of all-time. In 1976-77 they lost only 8 out of 80 games. Lafleur is the first player to score 50 goals and 100 points in six straight seasons. 7. Doug Harvey The most consistent defenseman in the NHL ever. Bobby Orr broke most of his records but Harvey played 18 seasons and was an instrumental part of the Canadiens 1950's Stanley Cup wins.

6. Dominik Hasek No goalie intimidated NHL goal scorers than

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Hasek. He brought his GAA to under 2 a game, and his unorthodox style changed goaltending in the NHL. Stand-up goalies soon became obsolete as Hasek's butterfly style made it near impossible for teams to score on him. His greatest moment was the 1998 Olympics where he stopped all five Canadian shooters in the shootout.

5. Gordie Howe No player has played in more games. Gordie Howe played till he was 52 with skill, toughness, and surpassed endurance. Mr. Hockey is third in the league for points and the term the "Gordie Howe" Hat Trick for a goal, an assist, and a fight is still used to recognize the impact he made on the game. 4. Maurice "The Rocket" Richard The first player to score 50 goals in 50 games is considered the greatest goal scorer in NHL history. Richard will always be known as the greatest Canadiens player of all-time for his 544 goals and Five Stanley Cup rings.

3. Bobby Orr The league's first offensive defenseman. Orr brought a new offensive element to the game when as a defenseman he won the Art Ross trophy and made the offensive defenseman a vital part of the game. His career with cut short by a knee injury but in his short career no other defenseman was as dominant.

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2. Mario Lemieux The NHL's most lethal goal and point scorer on a per game basis. He has been called the greatest player of all-time by Scotty Bowman, the NHL coach with the most wins, and has one two Stanley Cups and was the MVP of both wins. He arrived as a superstar play at 1987 Canada Cup where he scored the game winner. Unlike Gretzky he didn't play for a dominant team and most of his career he's been plagued by a bad back and cancer. But kept coming back and he is still playing in the NHL at 39.

1. Wayne Gretzky Over 61 NHL records, 4 Stanley Cups, and two time Canada Cup MVP. Wayne Gretzky shattered most of the league's offensive records and was part of two of the greatest NHL teams ever assembled. The Edmonton Oilers of the 1980's and the 1987 Team Canada team. The holder of the records most goals, assists, and points for both the regular season and the playoffs made the pass an essential part of the game. There will never be a greater stickhandler and in his prime Gretzky goal make any linemate a consistent goal scorer.

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