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Pressure8nd Atmospheric Pressure

Mass of gas molecule V e l o c i t yo f g a s m o l e c u l e b e f o r e i m p a c t Velocity ot ghs molecule after impact

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;ile of change nromentum of

. According Newton's to secondlaw of motion,force,F exertedon wall = rate of change momentum. of

gas molecule

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wallof container

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Tlrc height of the mercury in a barcmeter will rrcrw if { the tempemture the stmuding incrcm. of B the tube is tilted. C the surface 8M ofthe tube is increased. D the bmmeter is moved fiom the mountaintop to rhe grcud.

Thegasmolecules exert an average forceon the wallas the molecules bounce the container off walls. This forceperunit areaof container is wall knownas gas pressure.
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Thechange of momentum the gas of molecule the cause is of the forceon the wallwhichmakesgas pressure. Hence,gas pressure depends massand on velocityof the gas or the rate of impactof gas molecules wall. on Therateof nrpact of gas|lrolecules is affected the density by andtenrperature the of gas.

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Atmosphere is a thick layer of air that surrounds the Earth. --e p a t n r o s p h e r e x e r t sa p r e s s u r e( a t n r o s p h e r i c r e s s u r e ) e ' jJsed bythe weight o f t h e t h i c k i a y e ro f a i r a b o v et h e s u r f a c e 'Earth.

. Atmospheric pressure acts equally all directions. in

. (km) Height Altitude,/ heightabovesea levelf , atmosphericpressure f.
A t h i g h e ra l t i t u d e ,t h e t e m p e r a t u r e a n d d e n s i t yo f t h e a i r a r e l o w e r . H e n c e ,f r e q u e n c yo f c o l l i s i o n s f o t h e m o l e c u l ei s l o w e r .A s a r e s u l t , a t m o s p h e r i cp r e s s u r ei s l o w e r .

l.fincnhaTr^ rlmospheric tessure acts on r,ry objecton 1 Earth's grrface.

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b) Which of the following is frls rbdn atncPbdicFse? A Atmo6pb6ic pmsw is eused by tbe rcigbt of th3rhcpbm. B Atrmphric FsuEFodls lhchDyut foc o r body. C Atnocphcic pBsu is cqul to I buatlh swfae of the Eanh.

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' pressure support itmospheric 760 mm height nrercury can of : o u m no r 1 0 m h e i P h t f w a t e c o l u m n . r o

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Write doM the factor which affct the Bte of lmpact of gs molu16. Whstrcthe chmcteristics of pre$w? atrnNphtric

c) lfa small 11 mowt of air [f is introdwed lllt intothe F_+{ vacum t::=:t;l space, which of the following will chmge? A Height, /r dtrreses B Height, /r remains unchaged. C Height, i incrws.

50 60 70 80 90 100 pressure Pa) (103 Atmospheric

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pressure Atmospheric = 10s N m-2

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Calculate total pressureactingon the bodyof a diverat a the depth of 40O m undenvater. (Given that gravitational field strength= 10 N kgl) Solutlon: Totalpressure = Atmospheric pressure+ ftpg = 1OsN m'2+ (40OmX120Okg m3) (10 N kgl)
= 1Os N m-2 + 48OOOOO N m-2 = 49OOOO0 N m-'? = 49dl kPa

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When calculatingthe total p6re acting on the objrct udsr sa water, studcots mNt tako into accoul the atmGpheric pKW.

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.\ n\s cr: d) (i) 76cmHg (iii) l.0l x l0 P8 (ii) l0mwater (iv) I atn

d) State the vdw of 8tn6pheric presw in tems of (i) cm Hg (iii) psscal (ii) m water (iv) atmosphere

Chaptar 3 : Forcesand Prlssule