Scheduling in LTE

Gwanmo Ku Adaptive Signal Processing and Information Theory Research Group

Apr. 27, 2012

Outline
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LTE Overview
Network & Signals Physical Resources in Time & Frequency Radio Protocol Architecture

Control Information for Scheduling Operation

Scheduling in LTE
Scheduling Operation
CQI Reporting for Scheduling Schedulers in LTE

Summary & References

2/11

LTE Overview
Network & Signals : E-UTRAN, OFDMA/SC-FDMA
Physical Resources : Physical Resources, Resource Unit, Scheduling Unit Radio Protocol Architecture : L1/L2/L3, Physical /Transport Channels Control Information for Scheduling Information
Control & Data Regions Control Information for Scheduling

LTE Network
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LTE Network (E-UTRAN)

Internet

* EPC : Evolved Packet Core * E-UTRAN : Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network * UE : User Equipment * eNB : evolved Node B

LTE Signals
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OFDMA & SC-FDMA(DFTS-OFDMA)

Downlink Demands
Higher Data Rate Reliability

Techniques
Broadband, Multi-carriers CP

Multipath Fading

OFDMA with CP

Good Throughput High PAPR PAPR Issue

Uplink
*2048 0

SC-FDMA With CP
+

Low PAPR Fair Throughput

Used Subcarriers QPSK 16QAM 64QAM

- DFT

Subcarrier Mapping

N-IFFT

CP / P-S

Quadrature Modulation

0
* Except for MBMS (4096)

Physical Resources
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Time & Frequency Resources

Frequency (# Sub-carriers) N=2048* Null

Used Sub-carriers

Null 0.5ms 1ms 10ms Parameters (Except for MBMS : 4096/7.5 KHz, 2* ) System BW [MHz] N / Freq. Spacing # Used Subcarriers 72 180 1.4 3 5 10 15 20

Slot Sub-frame

Time (Second)

Frame

2048 / 15 KHz 300 600 900 1200

Resource Unit
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Physical Resource Block (PRB)

The Smallest User Assignment Resource Unit
Frequency (#Subcarriers)

180 KHz (12 Sub-carriers)

PRB

0.5 ms (6 or 7) Parameters (Except for MBMS)

Time (# Symbols)

CP Type Normal CP Extended CP

# Symbols / Slot 7 6

Scheduling Unit
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Sub-frame (2 Slots)
Smallest Scheduling Time Interval : TTI (1ms)
Frequency (#PRBs)

USER Assign

PRB 1

PRB 1

PRB1

PRB1

PRB0

PRB0

DL/UL Conf.
Time

1 ms (Sub-frame : 2 Slots) Parameters (Except for MBMS) System BW [MHz] # PRBs (# Used Subcarriers ) 1.4 6 (72) 3 15 (180) 5 25 (300) 10 50 (600)

15 75 (900)

20 100 (1200)

Radio Protocol Architecture

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Protocol Architecture around PHY

Layer 3 Radio Resource Control (RRC) Logical Channels Layer 2 Medium Access Control (MAC) Transport Channels Control / Measurements

Layer 1

Physical Layer (PHY)

Logical Channels : Type of information Transport Channels : How the information is transferred

Physical/Transport Channels
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Transport Channels Physical Channel

Layer 2
Broadcasting

Medium Access Control (MAC)

Paging MCH Multicasting PCH DL-SCH Data Random Access UL-SCH Data RACH

Transport Channels

BCH

Layer 1

Physical Layer (PHY) DCI

PBCH PMCH PDSCH PDCCH DL Control Scheduling Information PUCCH UL Control PUSCH PRACH

Physical Channels

PHICH

PCFICH

Control Information for Scheduling

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Scheduling Information : PDCCH

PRB

Slot 2i

Slot 2i+1

PCFICH Information of the length of Control Region

PDCCH

PDSCH Sub-frame i

PRB 1
PRB 0 Symbol 0 Symbol 1 Symbol 2 1 Symbol 0 Symbol 1 Symbol 2 1

Control Region

Data Region (Reference : p. 57 3GPP TS 36.211 V8.9.0 (2009-12))

Scheduling Information : DCI in PDCCH

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DCI Formats
DCI Formats
UL Scheduling 0 1 1A 1B DL Scheduling 1C

Purpose
Scheduling + TPC for PUSCH Scheduling for PDSCH, TPC for PUCCH Compact Scheduling for PDSCH, TPC for PUCCH MIMO Compact Scheduling for PDSCH, TPC for PUCCH Very Compact Scheduling for PDSCH

1D
2 2A 3 UL Power Control 3A

Compact Scheduling for PDSCH with Power Offset, TPC for PUCCH
Closed Loop MIMO Compact Scheduling for PDSCH, TPC for PUCCH Open Loop MIMO Compact Scheduling for PDSCH, TPC for PUCCH TPC for PUCCH, PUSCH 2bit Power Adjustment TPC for PUCCH, PUSCH 1bit Power Adjustment

User Identification C-RNTI

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User Identification
With C-RNTI (Cell specific Radio Network Temporary Identifier)

DCI

CRC Attachment

DCI + 16 bit CRC scrambled with RNTI

DCI (DCI + RNTI)mod2

(Reference : p. 56 3GPP TS 36.212 V8.8.0 (2009-12))

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Scheduling in LTE

Basic Scheduling Operations Resource Assignment

CQI Reporting for Schedulers

Schedulers in LTE Example : DL Scheduling

Basic Scheduling Operation

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Purpose
Efficient SCH(Data) Resources Assignments

Consideration
Traffic Volume, QoS (Buffer Status, Priority) Channel Condition

Scheduling Interval
Dynamic Scheduling by MAC : One TTI (1ms : One Sub-frame) Semi-Persistent for VoIP : Multiple TTIs by RRC

Resource Assignment : PRBs & Associated MCS

Resource Assignment
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Per UE # PRBs Assignment

Channel Dependent Resource Allocation
User Assignment based on Channel Quality

CQI / MCS / TBS

eNB 1. DL RS 2. CQI Reporting UE 3. DL Transmission

MCS PRBs

Spectral Efficiency

Transport Block Size

CQI Reporting for Scheduling

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Reporting modes
Frequency Wideband Or Sub-band

In time : Periodic (PUCCH/PUSCH) & Aperiodic (PUSCH)

Periodic or Aperiodic

Time

In Frequency
Wide-band CQI : 4 bit Differential Sub-band CQI : 2 bit (Sub-band CQI Wideband CQI) Differential Spatial CQI : 3bit for MIMO

Schedulers in LTE
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MAC Schedulers

PDCP : Packet Data Convergence Protocol ARQ : Automatic Repeat Request

ROHC : Robust Header Compression HARQ : Hybrid ARQ

DL Scheduling
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DL MAC Scheduler
CQI ACK/NACK User N User 1 N Transport Blocks (Dynamic Size for N Users)

HARQ

CRC

Redundancy for Error Detection

MAC Scheduler

Retransmission Modulation Scheme

Coding + RM

Redundancy for Data Detection

Data Modulation

QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM

Resource Assignment Power Assignment Antenna Mapping

Resource Mapping

Antenna Mapping

Multi-Antenna Processing

2/11

Conclusion & References

Summary
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LTE Overview
LTE Network, Physical Resources Signaling Scheduling Information in PHY

Scheduling in LTE
PRB & MCS Assignment CQI Reporting Process for Schedulers MAC Schedulers in LTE

DL Scheduling Process

References
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LTE Web
www.3gpp.org

LTE L1(PHY) Standards

TS 36201 : LTE PHY Overview TS 36211 : LTE PHY Modulation TS 36212 : LTE Multiplexing and Channel Coding TS 36213 : LTE PHY related Procedures TS 36214 : LTE Measurements

LTE L2/L3(MAC/RRC) Standards

TS 36300 : LTE L2/L3 Overview TS 36321 : LTE MAC TS 36331 : LTE RRC