AAMS2203 Statistics I 1. 2. 3. 4.

Tutorial 1 Introduction to statistics

Briefly describe the three meanings of the word statistics. What is the purpose of statistics? Briefly explain the types of statistics. Which of the following situations most likely involve the use of descriptive statistics, and which involve inductive statistics? a) A baseball club statistician wishes to determine the current batting averages of the team members. b) An instructor employs different teaching methods with each of his two sections of speech. Then, he compares the final examination scores obtained by the students in these two sections in order to determine which method is more successful. c) The doctor studies the relationship between cigarette smoking and heart disease. d) The committee on smog prevention studies the effect of decreasing automobile traffic on smog levels. e) An economist records population growth within a particular area. In three statistics test, X received scores of 84, 27 and 90, while Y received scores of 65, 67 and 81. Which of the following conclusions involve the use of descriptive statistics, and which involve inductive statistics? a) Xs score average 67 while Ys score average 71 b) Y is a better student than X c) X was probably ill on the day he took the second test d) If the instructor discards each students lowest score, Xs average is higher than that of Y e) Ys scores improved from each test to the next f) Y studied hard for each successive test g) Ys score on the three tests are spread over a narrower interval of values than Xs h) In the next test, Y will probably do better than X Briefly explain the terms population and sample. Indicate whether each of the following examples refers to a population or to a sample. a) Ages of all members of a family b) Number of days missed by all employees of a company during the past month c) Marital status of 50 persons selected from a large city d) Number of VCRs owned by all families in Kuala Lumpur e) Weights of 100 packages f) Scores of all students in a statistics class g) Yield of potatoes per acre for 10 pieces of land h) Weekly salaries of all employees of a company i) Cattle owned by 100 farmers in Ipoh j) Number of computers sold during the past week at all computer stores in Kajang k) A group of 25 patients selected to test a new drug l) Total items produced on a machine during one week m) Yearly expenditure on clothes for 50 persons n) Number of houses sold by each of the 10 employees of a real estate agency o) Ages of CEOs of all companies in New York City

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AAMS2203 Statistics I 8. Explain the meaning of the following terms. a) Quantitative variable b) c) Discrete variable d) e) Quantitative data f)

Tutorial 1 Introduction to statistics

Qualitative variable Continuous variable Qualitative data

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Indicate which of the following variables are quantitative and which are qualitative. Classify the quantitative variables as discrete or continuous. a) Number of persons in a family b) Colour of cars c) Marital status of people d) Length of a frogs jump e) Number of students in a class f) Number of homes owned g) Rent paid by tenants h) Types of cars owned by families i) Monthly phone bills j) Colour of eye k) Brand of coffee l) Weekly earnings of employees Explain the difference between cross-section and time-series data. Briefly describe the internal and external sources of data. Briefly describe the primary and secondary data. Classify the following as cross-section or time-series data. a) IBMs gross sales for the period 1985 to 1996 b) Weights of 20 chickens c) Poverty rates in the United States for 1980 to 1996 d) Auto insurance premiums paid by 100 persons e) Average prices of houses in 100 cities f) Salaries of 50 employees g) Students enrolled at Tunku Abdul Rahman College during the years 1980 to 1996 h) Number of employees employed by a company each year from 1985 to 1996 Briefly describe the following terms. a) Simple random sampling c) Systematic sampling e) Quota sampling

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b) d) f)

Stratified random sampling Cluster sampling Multistage sampling

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A sample of 30 doctors from Ipoh is taken in order to estimate the median income of all Ipoh residents. Is the sample representative? Explain your answer. A survey requires the selection of sample of 60 children from a large school. Stratified sampling according to age is used. If 40% of children in the school are aged 13 or under, 45% are 14 to 16 inclusively and 15% are over 16, how many of each age group should be included in the sample?

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AAMS2203 Statistics I 17.

Tutorial 1 Introduction to statistics

The five top Oklahoma state officials are displayed in table below: Governor (G) Liutenant Governor (L) Secretary of State (S) Attorney General (A) Treasurer (T) a) b) List the 10 possible samples (without replacement) of size 3 that can be obtained from the population of five officials. For brevity, use initial provided. If a simple random sampling procedure is used to obtained a sample of three officials, what are chances that it is the first sample on your list in part (a)? The second sample? The tenth sample?

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Is a large sample necessarily a good sample? Why or why not? A classroom consists of 36 students seated in six different rows, with six students in each row. The instructor rolls a die to determine a row, then rolls the die again to select a particular student in a row. This process is repeated until a sample of 6 students is obtained. Does this sampling plan result in a random sample? Simple random sample? Explain.