The Blessed Birth

LIFE OF HAZRAT MOHAMMAD (SAW)

9th Rabi-ul-Awwal 53 years before Hijri conforming to Monday, the 20th April 571 CE. It was but controversially reported that significant precursors accompanied his birth: fourteen galleries of Kisras palace cracked and rolled down, the Magians sacred fire died down and some churches on Lake Sawa sank down and collapsed. [Reported by Al-Baihaqi, but Al- Ghazali didn't approve it - Fiqh-us-Seerah p.46] Abdul Muttalib the Grandfather picks the name of newly born as Mohammad (saw). Up to five years he stays with the tribe of Banu Saad.
o It was the general custom of the Arabs living in towns to send their children away to bedouin wet nurses so that they might grow up in the free and healthy surroundings of the desert whereby they would develop a robust frame and acquire the pure speech and manners of the bedouins, who were noted both for chastity of their language and for being free from those vices which usually develop in sedentary societies. The Prophet [pbuh] was later entrusted to Haleemah bint Abi Dhuaib from Bani Sad bin Bakr. Her husband was Al-Harith bin Abdul Uzza called Abi Kabshah, from the same tribe.

Life before the Advent of Prophethood

At the age of six, on a journey from Medinah Hazrat Aamnah, (the Mother) passes away. Buried at ABWA At the age of 8, the grandfather (Abdul Muttalib) dies. Two of the uncles Hazrat Zubair and Hazrat Abu Talib become his guardian. At the teenage, he earns his living by chaperoning herd of goats. First Travelling to Syria at the age of 12 or 13, where met BAHIRA (a Christian priest) who recognized him In youth he chooses trade as an occupation to earn living. At the age of 15, he fights the battle of Fujjar and then joins a pact, known as The League of Alfuzool. [Fuzail bin Waaa, Fuzail bin Hars, Muffazzal] At the age of 25 marries Hazrat Khadeeja (raa). [Tahira] Allah (swt) bestows him with two sons and four daughters Hazrat Qaasim, Hazrat Zainab (raa), Hazrat Ruqayya (raa), Hazrat Umkalthoum (raa), Hazrat Fatima (raa), Hazrat Abdullah (Alias, Tayyab & Tahir). His third son Ibrahim was from his maid Hazrat Maria Qibtia (raa). All his sons die during infancy. Three of his daughters passed away during his life time. Hazrat Fatima (raa) died, six months after his transition. At the age of 35 during the reconstruction of Kaaba, installation incident of the black stone proves his intellect and maturity. At the age of 36 in the isolation of Cave of Hira, he starts to ponder over the issues like, Creator of the universe, purpose of the universe, about humans, purpose of human beings and the rationale of Good and Evil. At the age of 40 manifestation of prophethood. Before the advent of prophethood, he leads a very pure life; free from all sins and polytheism. He stood out among all the others with respect to his morals, virtues, and manners. People had a full faith in his trustworthiness, truthfulness, intellect and deep insight. He (saw) was honored with titles like AsSaadiq and AlAmeen.

European Historian: William More, Draiper, Margiolos

Life after Prophethood

To have a deep insight of the various phases of his struggle during prophethood, we have to know the meaning of the Ayah:

It is He (swt) Who has sent His Messenger (Muhammad [saw]) with guidance and the Deen of truth (Just system) to dominate it over all (other) systems. (As-Saff: 9) This Ayah clarifies that mission of advent of Prophet (saw) was to establish Deen of Allah (swt) i.e. just system. Total life after prophethood: 23 years 13 years of Makkah and 10 years of Medinah

The Makki Period

1st to 3rd year Invitation to Islam through personal contacts only.

Early converts are Khadijah, the Prophets spouse, the mother of believers, was the first to enter the fold of Islam followed by his freed slave Zaid bin Harithah, his cousin, Ali bin Abi Talib, who had been living with him since his early childhood, and next came his intimate friend Abu Bakr As- Siddiq (Abu Bakr the truth verifier).

Invitation to Islam to the families of Bani Haashem Two visible groups, the youth and the slaves emerge as acceptors of the invitation. Verbal opposition and psychological resistance. In this period, repeated guidance in Quraan for him is:

And be patient (O Muhammad [saw]) with what they say. (Al-Muzzammil: 10) 4th to 6th year Invitation to Islam openly Instituting Dar-e-Irqam, as a centre of training Violent resistance from Quraish. In this situation Quraan gives the instruction:

Repel (the evil) with one which is better. (Fussilat: 34)

Keep your hands tied i.e., not to rise hands even in self defence. (AnNisa: 78) The conversion of Hazrat Hamza (raa) and Hazrat Umar (raa) to Islam. Umers sister Fatimah, Her Husband Saeed Bin Zaid Migration to Habsha. [11 Men, 4 Women] Proposal of Quraish for Abu Talib to exchange Prophet (saw) with a young and strong man Amarah bin Waleed. Offer from Quraish for wealth, kingship and marriage. Warning of War from Quraish.

7th to 9th year General social boycott of Bani Hashem. 2

Confinement in the valley of Bani Hashem.

10th year Freedom from the valley of Bani Hashem The offer of give and take from Quraish Death of Abu Talib and Hazrat Khadeejah (raa). He called, that particular year as The year of grief Abu Lahab an arch enemy becomes the chief of his family Bani-Hashim. The utter hopelessness in Makkah, motivates him to journey towards Taaif. Stayed in a garden of ATBA bin Rabi through slave ADDAS Return from Taaif; enters Makkah under the umbrella protection of Motam bin Adi. Journey of Mairaj i.e., journey from Masjid-e-Haraam to Masjid-e-Aqsa and ascension to Heavens. 11th year Six people from Medinah accept Islam. 12th year 12 people of Medinah accept Islam st 1 Oath of Allegiance at Aqba Departure of Hazrat Musab bin Umair to Medina 13th Year Seventy two men and 3 women of Medinah convert to Islam nd II oath of Allegiance at Aqba Migration to Madinah During Hijrah, Muslims receive the approval to take up arms.

Permission to fight is given to those (i.e. believers against disbelievers), who are fighting them (believers). (Al-Hajj: 39) Later on Muslims are ordained to fight.

The Madni Period

Fighting is ordained for you (Muslims) though you dislike it. (Al-Baqarah: 216)

1 to 2 Hijri Preparation for fighting against Quraish i) Steps to interiorly consolidate Madinah Masjid Nabwi established as a center Establishment of Brotherhood amongst Muslims of Madinah & Immigrants from Makkah. Jewish tribes inhabiting in and around Madinah are knotted into a pact known as Accord of Madinah. ii) Organizing retaliatory measures against Quraish outside Madinah Political isolation of Quraish by bringing different tribes between Makkah and Madinah into a fold of pact. Economic blockage by sending eight expeditions for the surveillance of trade and commerce routes of Quraish. Assassination of a Mushrik in the valley of Nakhla by Muslims 3

 Muslims Battle

try to intercept the trade caravan of Abu Sufyaan of Badr, Ramadan, 2 Hijri (an astounding victory) Breach of Accord of Medinah by the Jewish tribe of Banu Qaynqaa. They are exiled from Madinah.

3 to 4 Hijri A campaign lead by Zaid bin Harithah (raa) Battle of As-Sawiq rd Battle of Ohad Shawwal of 3 Hijri (Due to non compliance of Discipline, a temporary defeat). Breach of Accord of Medinah by another Jewish tribe of Banu Nuzair. They are also banished from Madinah. 5th Hijri Battle of the confederates (Insulting defeat of Kuffaar) Jewish tribe Banu Qurayza penalized for their breach of Accord of Medinah. 6th Hijri Treaty of Hudaybya (a clear victory for Muslims) 7th Hijri Victory of Khyber Performing of the Compensatory Umrah. Launch of intense preaching activities in Arab tribes. Letters sent out to various heads of state The ruler of Ghussan kills the emissary of Holy Prophet (saw). 8th Hijri The battle of Mauta with people of Gussan st Victory of Makkah. Completion of 1 phase of the mission i.e., domination of Deen of Allah within Arabian Peninsula. Battle of Hunain with people of Taaif. 9th Hijri Launching of the second phase of the mission i.e., export of Islamic revolution outside the Arabin peninsula. Battle of Tabuk the most difficult event 10th Hijri Hajjatul Wida 11th Hijri th th The Transition on 12 Rabi-ul-Awwal confirming to 8 June 632 C.E. In the whole human history, he (saw) is the only one who setup the example of forging the most perfect, comprehensive and all encompassing revolution in a single life span, thus established a true and just system for the mankind. H. G. Wells writes in his book Concise History of the World: Although the sermons of human freedom, fraternity and equality were said before, we find a lot of these sermons in Jesus of Nazareth, but it must be admitted that it was Mohammad (saw) who for the first time in history established a society based on these principles.

The greatest achievement of Prophets (saw)

Phases of the revolution brought about by the blessed Prophet (saw)

Only source of comprehending the phases of revolution is to have insight of the life of Prophet (saw) 1. Call: To preach and publish the tenet of revolution. 2. Organization: To organize those who accept the call. 3. Training: To train the members of organization according to the nature of revolution. 4. Passive resistance: Not to retaliate against any kind of persecution and violence and to
stand firm on revolutionary tenet.

5. Active measures: To challenge the false and unjust system as soon as appropriate strength
and resources are available.

6. Armed conflict: To boldly stand in front of the reactions of the false system as a result of
active measures.