Introduction

In metal casting, there are undesirable conditions of cast metal product known as casting defect. Some of the defects can be tolerated or repaired while others need to be eliminated. The defects can be categorized into five categories which is gas porosity, shrinkage, metallurgical, mold material and pouring metal defects. For our cast oil field fittings case study, the type of defect that we focus more is on gas porosity, penetration defects and enlargement defects. First of all, gas porosity happen when air bubbles trapped inside the molten metal and unable to escape before the molten metal cools down and solidifies. This happens because the molten metal which in liquid form are able to hold a great amount of dissolved gas. When the same material happens to solidify, gas bubbles formed. There are certain types of gas that is usually encountered which is nitrogen, oxygen and hydrogen. Gas porosity can be prevented by melting the metal in vacuum, in an environment of low-solubility gases or under a flux that prevent contacts with air. Next is penetration defect that is classified under pouring metal defects. Penetration defect is a condition in which the poured metal penetrates the mould material. This situation can be contributed by the sand particles that are too coarse, lack of mold wash or pouring temperature that are too high. Metal penetration causes a rough surface finish. Another defect that is involved in our case studies is enlargement defect. The end product that happens to have enlargement defect will be out of shape, or not in a desired shape or size based on its molds shape. Enlarged or swollen product happened because of enlargement of mould cavity by molten metal pressure resulting in localized or general enlargement of casting.

Conclusion

In conclusion, it is clear therefore, that the objective is achieved in which we are able to know about cast oil field fittings case. The type of defect that we focus more is on gas porosity, penetration defects and enlargement defects cast oil field fittings case First of all the porosity. This happens because the molten metal which in liquid form are able to hold a great amount of dissolved gas. So, the porosity can be prevented by melting the metal in vacuum, in an environment of low-solubility gases or under a flux that prevent contacts with air. Next is the penetration which is the poured metal penetrates the mould material. That can cause the sand particles that are too coarse, lack of mold wash or pouring temperature that are too high. Another defect, the enlargement defect where the product not in desired shape or size based on its molten shape. This because, of enlargement of mould cavity by molten metal pressure resulting in localized or general enlargement of casting. We can also conclude that the