Nikon

PHOTOMICROGRAPHIC ATTACHMENTS

A F M, E F M

and

PFM

Instructions

NIPPON KOGAKU K.K.

Introduction
We of the Nippon Kogaku K.K. wish to extend a sincere "thank you" for your purchase of the Nikon Photomicrographic Attachment. To take full advantage of its excellency and conveniency, please review this instruction manual thoroughly, in which the correct setting of the instrument on your microscope for photomicrography is mainly explained. The Nikon Photomicrographic Attachment is available in three models, AFM, EFM and PFM. Since almost the same setting procedure is applicable to all the models, we will describe it on the model of AFM in this instruction manual.

Cautions
* Carry
* *

In Handling

out photomicrography at all times in a place not subjected to serious vibration, dust, moisture or the like. When not using the models AFM and EFM for a long period, remove the batteries out of the instrument. For the model AFM, use the shutter box and the control box with the same serial number, because they have been in this combination precisely adjusted to each other. AFM-B EFM-B PFM-B

Contents
SYSTEM OF M ICROFLEX 4 6 8 . . . . . . . . . .. 8 9 10 11 11 12 3,3 14 14 15 15 16 16 16 17 17 18 18 18 19 19 20 21 21 22 22 . 22 23 24 24 25 27 NOMENCLATURE 35mm FI LM PHOTOMICROGRAPHY

Assembl ing the shutter housing and the microscope. Connecting the camera adapter to the camera body Setting the picture frame direction ., Loading the film. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . Attaching the cable release Attaching the connecting cord (only in AFM) Batteries MICROFLEX AFMR (ROLL-FI LM CAMERA) Attaching the C.P.R. cone Loading the film Placing the mask Type of film Setting the film speed (ASA) Film advance MICROFLEX AFMC (SHEET-FI LM OR PHOTO PLATE CAMERA) Attaching the magazine holder Placing the sheet-film (in the dark room) Placing the photographic plate (in the dark room) Inserting the magazine MICROFLEX AFMP (POLAROID Attaching the camera holder Placing the film COMBINATIONS NORMAL LAND CAMERA)

OF FILM AND FILTER DATA

PHOTOGRAPHIC

PHOTOMICROGRAPHY WITH AFM * Automatic Setting A. Setting the film speed (ASA) B. Compensation of exposure C. Compensation of exposure in AFM *Manual Setting PHOTOMICROGRAPHY PHOTOMICROGRAPHY WITH WITH EFM PFM

SYSTEM OF MICROFLEX
35mm Camera box M-35A 35mm Camera box M-35S 35mm Nikon F mou nt camera 35mm Double camera head (With X X projection lens)

Signal9 cord

.s. Q
Motor cord .-

1..4c
')

...._---- ...
Camera adapter B for Leica type screw mount camera Camera adapter F for Nikon F mou camera

~~

II

X X Relay/projection lens

Shutter ho

Focusing magnifier Dust cap

Shutter housing "A"

Ocular finder

Projection finder Magnifying glass

5'-

Eyepiece adapter for standard microscopes (for 25mm outside dia.tube)

'*
4

The first symbol letter of model namessuch as ~.

~
Polaroid 545 land film holder 6x9cm (8 exposuresJ Roll-film holder 2~' x 3~' Sheet-film or photo plate magazine ~zine

3?C x 4K' Polaroid land camera with type 100 or 180 back holder

Ih;;id~r
SA-

I~"~I-_1 1_'~

4"x5" Sheetfilm holder

~
2 masks supplied 6x6cm (12 exposures) 6x4.5cm (16 exposuresJ (Use No. 120filmJ

.j

.I

~. :4"
"",kon

x 5" Back frame

cone with 1.3X Relay/projection lens

Shutter housing "P"

Connecting cord to AFM onlyJ ~ ~ ---------

Neutral density (N.D.J filter Green filter Color barance (C.B.J filter

Eyepiece adapter for stereoscopic microscopes (for 36.5mm outside dia. tube)
AfMB .

represents the type of the shutter housing in combination.

Shutter housing "A"

NOMENCLATURE
Dust cap
Finder connection screw Cable release socket

::~:"~~'~ [
.-rl

X synchronization

contact 1!!!l!!!!~"'~~~ Standard eyepiece adapter

Ocular finder
<for high magnificatio~ photomicrography Lock ring)
I ndex for diopter:\

Eyepiece sleeve clamp screw

--rCJ:~~~

AUTO/MANUAL switch Shutter speed dial __ for MANUi\L

Diopter scale

.'L\
Shutter speed setting knob--IIlr--a (Time button) ~

lIikolJ

I..~
Control bo

Diopter

ringJ Locating pin

Shutter housing "E"

Focusing magnifier
~se together in low magni-> fication photomicrography

+,~~~;;~~t==ASA ~

dial Shutter speed dial Cable release socket

l ndex

X~
Mercury battery housing

Shutter he
Standard adapter eyepiece

Projection finder
<for low magnification> 'photorn icrography

Shutter housing "P"

Magnifying

glass

Cable release socket

i
6

Prism clamp

X S1

Shutter housing" A"

35
Aligni~g Mount--~~~~~~~~~ index Signal lamp The lamp will be "OFF") when the shutter is closed or when the battery volt( age reduces below the rated value.

Camera box M-35S

t~

--plug Receptacle Groove fo r finder locating pin in vertical pictu re) ( format position

---

Battery case lid (side) ASA dial for AUTO

Groovefor finder locating pin

Winding

i.,
button

Rewind crank

slide

35mm/half-size change-over knob

Winding lever

in horizontal. Picture) ( format position Eyepiece adapter connecting ring

O. AOJ dial for AUTO'

Camera adapter B

Camera adapter F

Shutter housing "E"

osure meter window ndex for ASA setting shutter speed setti ng contact Connectin CdS cell housing Power supply switch for exposure meter ON/OFF index for power supply Index for setting cine shu tter speed ~Cine shutter speed selector ring . Higheyepoint eyepiece _ S F change-over lever Screw for projection Leica type screw mount lens Bayonet

chronization

.inq "E"

Ux

Relay/projection

lens

Intermedia ring -'---'

When ,,--; Bayonet Aligning index Connecting Mount attaching screw

Shutter housing "P"

'----Attaching index

r-;;

Loweyepoint eyepiece Shutter speed setting knob

-:l!!!!I!L__

'ex for shutter hronization

speed

Wher ~ -

Shutter

Charge lever

contact

3Smm FILM PHOTOMICROGRAPHY

Assembling microscope
rnDetach shutter

the shutter housing and the

the eyepiece housing.

adapter

from

the

I2lPlace the adapter into the eyepiece sleeve of microscope. In this case, set the adapter in such a position that the top surface of the eyep iece is Ii ttl e lower than the top edge of the adapter.

(Handling the Eyepiece Adapter of Type)

Standard

Connecting

ring

[iilWhen using the Nikon high-eyepoint eyepiece Ex.: HK5X, HKW1OX, HKW15X, etc.
Shutter housing

Higheyepoint eyepiece Intermediate ring

When using high-eyepoint

eyepiece

Shutter housing Loweyepoint eyepiece

[EJWhen using the Nikon low-eyepoint piece Ex.: H5X, WF10X, etc.

eye-

When using low-eyepoint

eyepiece

@llnsert the connecting bottom of the shutter housing into the top of the eyepiece adapter. Fasten it with the lock screw.

~Release the eyepiece sleeve lock screw, and lower the shutter housing until the inside comes in contact with the top of the eyepiece. Refasten it firmly.

Connecting the camera body

camera adapter

to

the

~ Beforehand, screw the Yz X projection lens into the camera adapter type B (Leica type). Then, screw the camera adapter into the camera body. Release the connection of the camera adapter with the projection lens.

~ Bring the black dot on the flange to the front or the side of the camera depending upon whether a vertical or horizontal format has been selected. Turn the projection lens to fasten it in position.

CZlAligning the red arrow on he bayonet flange of the lens with the black dot on the shutter housing, place the adapter onto the shutter housing. In th is position, turn it in the direction of the arrow, until the black dots on the flange and the housing are aligned with each other. Fasten firmly the clamp screw on the back.

Setting the picture frame direction

IeJAttach the viewfinder in such a position that its picture frame inside coincides with that of the camera.

10

Loading

the film

~To open the camera back, pull down the latch on the side of the camera.

IlQIAfter loading the film correctly, advance the film one or two pictures by winding up the lever. The film advances in the same direction as the winding lever is wound up in the dark boxes M-35A and M-35S.

Attaching

the cable release

Screw the cable release straight into the socket on the side of the shutter housing. WICase of A F M The shutter release should be pushed In as far as possible. Do not release the shutter again, wh ile the signal lamp is lighting.

11

IT1lCaseof EFM

IITlCase of PFM

Attaching
AFM)

the connecting

cord (only in

!I1lAttaching: the socket wards.

Fit the end of the cord into and push it in straight for-

12

~Detaching: Pull it out gently and straight turning its plug in the direction of the red arrow.

Batteries
Deposit the batteries following (+) and minus (-) indications. the plus

1m Case of

AFM

4 batteries (6V)

IITlCaseof EFM 1 mercury battery Mercury batteries (1.3V) on the market National M-1 D Mallory PX-13, RM-625R Eveready E625 G.E. No. 625

13

MICROFLEX AFMR

(ROLL-FILM CAMERA)
The M ICROF LEX AFMR (roll-film camera) is used for taking pictures 6x9, 6x6 and 6x4.5cm in size on black-andwhite or color type 120 roll-film.

Attaching

the C.P. R. cone

This is used commonly with a sheet-film camera, Polaroid Land camera and rollfilm camera

rn Place

the C. P. R. cone on top of the shutter houisng, aligning the red arrow on the bayonet flange of the C.P.R. cone to the black dot on the shutter housing. In this position, turn the cone in the direction of the arrow until the black dot indices come into coincidence with each other. Fasten it with the lock screw on the back of the shutter housing.

~Place the roll-film camera on top of the c.P. R. cone so that the white indices meet each other. Fasten it with the lock screw on the back of the cone.

14

Loading the film @JTo open the roll-film out the latch. camera back, draw

~After loading the film correctly, wind up the film leader on the take-up spool until the arrow (starting mark) printed on the leader comes about to the center of the camera.

Placing the mask ~When the picture size is desired to be 6x6cm- or 6x4.5cm, it is necessary to place the respective mask inside the fi Im holder. Facing the surface of the mask with projected brims toward the inner side of the holder, insert the one crosswise edge of the mask into the groove in the film holder and then, bending the mask sl ightly, insert the opposi te edge in the opposite grooves.

15

Type of film [QJSet the film type dial on the outside of the fi Im chamber to the type of the film being loaded.

Setting the film speed rASA) lZlThe ASA speed of the film loaded is to be shown in the window on the top of the film winding knob.

Film advance ~Open the film counter window for the used picture size on the camera back by means of the small knob. Wind up the film winding knob as far as the numeral on the film back paper appears in the red arrow. Be sure to pullout the dark slide before picture taking.

16

MICROFLEX AFMC (SHEET-FILM OR PHOTO PLATE CAM ERA)

The magazine holder accepts the magazine containing a sheet of film (2U"x 3U" or 6x9cm) or a photographic plate of the same size or a film pack The magazine holder has a focusing screen, which is conveniently used when it is difficult to focus through the finder in taking photomicrograph at lower magn ifications

Attaching

the magazine holder

IT] Fit the magazine holder onto the cone top, with its white dot brought opposite to that on the cone. In th is position fasten firmly the lock screw on the back.

17

Placing the sheet-film (in the dark room) ~Open the cover, and place the sheet-film in the magazine with its notch joined together with that of the pressure plate.

Placing the photographic room)

plate (in the dark

Photographic

plate

~ Remove the pressure plate. Place a photographic plate with the emulsion side downward in the magazine.

Inserting

the

magazine

~Pushing from above the spring lever, insert the magazine facing the film surface downward. Be sure to pullout the dark sl ide before picture taking.

18

MICROFLEX AFMP (POLAROID~ LAND CAMERA)

Use Polaroid pack film of 3U" x 4U" (82mmx 107mm) in size. Film packs usable Type 107: positive for black and white Type 108: positive for color Type 105: positive and negative for black and wh ite

Attaching the camera holder

rn Insert the camera holder, with its wh ite

dot brought opposite to that on the cone. In this position fasten firmly the lock screw on the rear side.

19

Placing the film Though the following instructions type 107, same for other types. are for

~Take out the film magazine. Holding the end of the fi I rn. take care of the hand ling. ;;..:~.:::==-~= ; ------_ ..-

~To open the camera back, push the clasp (part of Insert the magaz ine.

0 ).

l4IAfter closing the camera back, pullout the dark sl ide. Now, all has been prepared for making exposure. Besure to pullout the dark slide before picture taking.

/'

20

COMBINATIONS OF FILM AND FILTER

S-Ke . L-Ke C B-14+ C B -14+ C C20M) C C 20M)
Not suitable

APOPHOT

Fujichrome

R-WO

C B-14 C B -14 C B-14+ C B -14+ C ClOM(C C 10M (available.

C C10M+

C C10B

Sakura R-l00

C C 10M + C C 10 B C C 20M (+ C C lOB)

Ektachrome-X

C B -14+

Kodachrome-II

CB-14+CC20M(+CC10B)
for photomicrography.

Kodachrome-X

No adequate filter

CC fi Iters:

Nikon supplies three types CClOM, CC20M and CC10B of gelatine filters 45mm in diameter, each sandwitched between two glass plates. Various types of CC gelatine filters are also supplied in Kodak and Fuji. The above table is given on the basis of Kodak gelatine fi Iters.

NORMAL PHOTOGRAPHIC

DATA

Objective: Achromat lOX, 40X Eyepiece: HKW lOX Condenser: Achromat Voltage: 7.5VO.5V ND 8X filter is to be used with an objective 20X or lower. This data, only to be taken as standard, may be subject to modification under practical conditions such as staining of the specimen, the type of film, development of the film. If an old lamp bulb, with a reduced color temperature, is used, a different color redition will result.

21

PHOTOMICROGRAPHY

WITH AFM

*Automatic

Setting

CDBring the finder image in sharp focus and compose the picture. Push the "Auto" (white colored) side of the change-over switch. Set the film speed (ASA) on the ASA dial. (If a film of a sensitivity not indicated on the dial is used, manipulate the D. ADJ dial for adjustrnent.) @ For a minute adjustment of exposure, use the D. ADJ dial. With the dark slide left in the camera, release the shutter to check for the correct operation of the signal lamp. Draw out the dark slide. Then, making sure of the sharp focusing and desired composing, release the shutter. (j) Being sure that the signal lamp has turned off, advance the film. A. Setting the film speed (ASA)

<

Same in EFM> on the dial correspond figures as below.

200 400

The film speeds (ASA) not indicated values as shown by the blue colored
12 I 10 25 I I 1620 50 I I3240 100

to the intermediate

64 80

I I - I I- 1,125 160

250 320

500 640

I I- 1,-

800

1600

1000 2000 1250 2500

1,-

3200

ASA25\1 ASA32\ ~

ASA 5

-0.
64

When the ASA dial has been set to ASA 50, the film speeds to be adjusted are indicated by the small dots around the D. ADJ dial as shown in Fig. 1.

AS

Fig. 1

22

B. Compensation of exposure -< Same in EFM>

Cautions to be taken in exposure measurement

Filter For stained specimen of strong red tinge, make the exposure slightly over the measured value, and for that of strong blue tinge, make the exposure sl ightly under. When green filter is used, set the D ADJ dial % step under . Distribution of object in the specimen Depending upon the distribution and contrast of the objects within the finder mask for 35mm film, the following compensations are necessary.

Conditions of specimen Compensation Figure to be referred

Objects distributed uniformly As indicated by exposure meter Fig.2

Object area extremely small Make overexposure Fig.3

Large brightness difference among objects Make underexposure Fig 4

Picture areas covered by the masks in the finder

for 35mm for 3Y." x for 6x9cm film

4Y."

~. Polaroid

roll film

for 4"x5" film

Double

line cross-hair for 16mm film for 6x6cm

r single

Led in

Iine cross-hair is proVid-J the projection finder

y. x
1.3X 1.3X

roll film roll film

for 6x4_5cm

Fig_ 5

23

C. Compensation of exposure in AFM

The exposure compensation when using AFM is performed by means of both the ASA dial and D. ADJ dial, as described previously For example: Using AFMB in 35mm photography Film speed: ASA 32 Compensation for specimen Ys step over-exposure desired Compensation for green filter: % step under-exposure desired In this example, the settings on the dials will be as shown below: .

1600

200-

Under

At

~ X

ASA 25

, , ,
Fig. 6
Over Under

Fig. 7

3i

step

ASA 32 is:

. setting

~ step

% step

Compensation for specimen at

Compensation for filter

That

ASA dial setting

~ X to ASA 25 (Fig. 6) to

D. ADJ dial setting

% step under (Fig. 71

* Manual

Setting

CD Bring the finder image in sharp focus and compose the picture. Push the "Manual" (red-colored) side of the change-over switch Set the desired shutter speed on the shutter speed dial.
With the dark slide left in the camera, release the shutter to check for the correct operation of the signal lamp. Draw out the dark slide. Then, making sure of sharp focusing and desired composing, release the shutter. (When "T' shutter is used, push the "Time Button" at the time the desired exposure time has been given.) Being sure that the signal lamp has been turned off, advance the film.
@

24

PHOTOMICROGRAPHY
CDBeforehand, Switch ON Set the film @Set the S-F InS-setting:

WITH EFM

bring the finder image in sharp focus and compose the picture. the power source. speed on the ASA dial to the operating magnification. change-over lever to S. Shutter operation is coupled to the speeds ~o - 1 sec., Band T (at each stop). In F-setting: Exposure measurement up to 8, 16 and 32, in addition to the shutter speeds in S-setting, is possible. However, no shutter operation is coupled.

How to Set:

* For

setting to S Pullout slightly the knob on the S-F change-over lever, and turn it to the position where S comes to the index. Then, turn the T-dial to the left or to the right so that the dial, as is turned, clicks at each scale marking. (Fig. 8 and 9)

* For

setting to F Draw out slightly the knob on the S-F change-over lever and turn it until the F comes to the index. Even when an exposure time has been determined by F-setting, it is necessary to return to the S-setting and release the shutter at B or T. If the shutter be released in F-setting, it will operate at the speed prev iously set in S-setti ng, with the result that the shutter will not be released at the speed determined.
Fig. 9

With the S-F change-over lever, turn the exposure time dial so that the pointer needle on the exposure meter comes to the sma!1 circle at the center.

Switched OFF

underexposure

Correct exposure

Overexposure

Draw out the dark sl ide. Making sure of the sharp focusing and desired composing,
release the shutter.

25

Coupling Range of Exposure Meter

ASA ~ 103264125250500-

Magnification 1/2X for 35mm film with EFMB, EFMF and EFMD
time

32

16

?i 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Xs 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

;<0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Wo

3-f2s 7{so 0 0 0 0 0
0

25 50 100 200 400 800

0 0

0 0 0

0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

1000-1600 2000-3200

0 0

ASA ~ 1016250500-

Magnification 1.3X with EFMR, EFMC and EFMP

time

32

16

Us 0

;<0
0

Wo

3-f2s 0 0 0 0
0

~o

12 200 400 800

0 0

0 0 0

0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0
0

0 0 0 0
0

0 0 0 0 0
0

0 0 0 0 0
0

0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0
0 0

0 0 0 0
0 0

0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0
0

1000-1600 2000-3200

ASA ~ 10204080160320640-

Magnification l.4X with EFM l6-C

time

32

16

?i
0

Us 0 0

3<0 0
0 0 0

%',

3-f2s
0

J.j;So

16 32 64 125 250 500 800

0 0

0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0

0 0
0

0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0

0
0 0

0 0 0

0 0

0:

shows the coupling

range

26

PHOTOMICROGRAPHY

WITH PFM

<D Beforehand, bring the finder image in sharp focus and compose the picture. Draw out the dark sl ide from the camera box. With Nikon F, Nikomat or another Leica-type camera, fully open the shutter the camera. After setting the shutter to the speed desired, charge the shutter. @ Set the prism clamp. Making sure of the sharp focusing and desired composing. Release the shutter. CVAdvance the film end proceed to the next exposure.

in

We reserve the right to make such alterations in design as we may consider necessary in the light of experience. For this reason, particulars and illustrations in this handbook may not conform in every detail to models in current production.

27

Printed

in Japan

(75.

1.

B)

A-I