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MOSLEH! :SUNRISE
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Vol.

.August, 1937

No. 1

A Quarterly

Magazine

Annual Subscription; $1.00 (England 5 / - India R s. 3/~) Single Copy 25c Founded by DR. M. M. SADIQ. Published by SUFI M. R. BENGALEE 56 E. Congress St., Suite 1307. Chicago, IlL, U. S. Amer.

IIIIIIIlq ~ I,

The Ahmadiyya Movement

The Ahmadlyya Movement w~is founded by Hazrat A h m a d , the Promised Messiah and Mahdi and the expected Messenger o f all nations. In the spirit a n d p o w e r of all the earlier prophets, he came to serve and re-interpret the final and eternal teaching laid down by God in the Holy Quran. The Movement therefore represents the T r u e a n d Real I s l a m and seeks to uplift hflmanity and to establish peace throughout the world. Hazrat Ahmad died in 1908, and the present Head of the Mo'vement is his secondsuccessor, Hazrat M i r z a B a s h i r u d - D i n M a l m m d Ahmad under whose directions the Movement has established Missions i n many parts o f the world, the . following being the addresses o f some of them:
THE LONDON- \ . (.2- NI~.~Z. Esq.. MOF, Q U E . Aotani'cho.-2. Clmme 601. 63 Melrose Road. :N a d a Ku. IQdm (Japan~. Sohthfiekls. .MOHAMMAD SHAII F London. S; \V. 18. MALIK. England.. 'iaMilazzo No, 3. THE AFIMADIVYA Piano. 5, lntk','mo 2 2 . . MOVEMENT IN ISLAM Rome { I t a l y ) . Sufi 3I. R. B e n g a l e e M. : \ ; . 3i:\I.1K AZIZ AIlMAI) 56 Congress ~t.. K H A N. Suite 1307~a Peiodje. Oedik .... * ': ( h m a g o . ]lhnols. Gang I. No. 2 / . 7 U. S.. A m e r i c a . . . . . " . :. I atavm (.. Java}. T H E A H M A 1)1VVA Dr. 31OH : \ M ~ I A D I ) I N . M()VEMENT.= " 1,0mina S t r e e t . 49. : P. 0. Box727. " " l',elgratle.: : LagOs I S . Nigi'ria) [.:. M . R A M Z A N ,.\I3. IL" A. B, \ \ k Africa. .C/o l)r. :.Mohamm~tdfl'aha. . 17Venezuela 791. THE AH MADIY:VA Buenos ~..kire.q ~ A r g e n t i n e ) . 3IC_)VEMF2NT._. " 3[. ~IC}H.X31MAD I B I . \ H I M P. O. B o x 554/ Nairobi, -Nasir.. " : "" . K e n y a Colonv. " . C / 6 H.A.Re,.:..Xx4az.B. \..:I.ILB.. (B. E. A f r i c a ) . 7. : \ k a e fa`~UtCa. THE AHMAI)IYY:\ MOVEMENT. - . . . . :: l',/ulal~est -{ Hun.~ary). Mount Karmal,: " . ': ' : :T H F'. A I - I M A I ) I Y ~ - A . H a i f a { Palestine}. MOVEMENT. H. A. K . . \ Y A Z ~ ( H . \ N . fh,ld C,ast.!X\~est . \ f r i c a . I",.A., LI~.B.. . ... I'~ 0 . . l h , . ~ 3 9 . - : ,."{lunadi:,:ya lslmn .I)elegate. S a l t :l'0nd~ No :.. A k a c f a U t c a , . T I l E AHM.:X~)IYY.,Ik Budapest I H u n g a r y } . MOVF.MENT. " : N. A. ( ; H . \ F O ( I I . S ( ) f I F I . : Rose Hill, ' Esq.. " "" MaUritius.. " _. C / o H. 3I. H. Esinail. i " THE .:\HMADIYYA P. f). B-X 551. " M6)VEMEN.T. Cti;ina Btiildip.~s. BoX No. 305. G . P, O.. l-Tongkong ~('hina'~. Perth. \ V . Australi a. .
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CHICAGO, ILL., U. S. A. No. 1

C o nt

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Four V e r s e s f r o m t h e H o l y Q u i ' a n . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

.............. .... .......

3 4 5

The S a y i n g s o f t h e M a s t e r P r o p h e t M u h a m n m d . . . . . . E x c e r p t s f r o m t h e ~.Vrititlgs o f H a z r a t To Our Readers. "

Mirza Ghulanl"Alunad... ................... . . . . . . . . ..... ...... ........

7 8
II 12

Relation of M a n

to G o d . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Sir M . Z a f a r u i l a h K h a n . K . C . S . I . a n d H i s M e s s a g e to t h e % V o r l d . . The Palestine Problem ...... ........ ...... ....................

By Sufi M. R, Bengalee
Activities o f t h e A l u n a d i y y a M o s l e m M o s q u e in C h i c a g o : . : . . : . . . : ; 17

By T. T.itus Smith (Noorul Islam)

Ilam's C o n t r i b u t i o n to S c i e n c e a n d C i v i l i z a t i o n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

By Mauh,i Abdul Kareem

How Islam Cures
o

E c o n o m i c : Ills . . . . . . . .

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25

B~ James A. Williams (Muhammad Abroad)

Moslem A r c h i t e c t u r e . . . . . . 2 . . i . ~. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... : ............ 29

By 21Iiss Nina Stauffer

Status o f W o m a n in I s l a m . . . . . . . . . . .

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: 31
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,...= ..................

By Omar Cleveland

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T h e A h m a d i y y a Mosque~ London,. E n g l a n d

j .

In the N a m e of A l l a h the. Most Beneficent and the M o s t C o m p a s s i o n a t e

WE PRAISE HIM AND INVOKE HIS BLESSING T H E E X A L T E D ONE. ON HIS

. .

PROPHET

With-the Grace and Mercy ol God H e A l o n e IS the Helper.

i Verih, my prayer, my sacrifice, m y l i f e , my death, are "for Allah, the lord of .'~1~-the W o r l d s .

I, Mirza Bashiruddin Maimmd Ahmad, Khalifatul Masih I f , H e a d of the A h m a d i y y a M o v e m e n t which has its H e a d q u a r t e r s at O a d i a n , P u n j a b India. lay " the foundation stone of th,is Mosque today, i h e 2 0 t h Rab A ~ i u lwwal i 3 4 3 Hijra, (Continued on page 32)

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"

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Four Verses from the Holy Qumn

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Transliteration

". . . .

1. "~Va-honwa-llaho . La-ilaha illa-ho. . Lahul-hamdu fil-oola aakhirati wa lahu~lhukmu wa ilaihi turjaa-oon. ( X Y V I I I - 7 0 )

2.

Wal-

Ya-ayyuhalladheena aamanu-r-ka~o'o was-judoo-waa-budoo Rabbaktun Waf-aloo-l-khaira la-allakum tuflihoon. ( X X I [ - 6 7 ) : " . .: Fadh-kuroonee

3.
Jr

(11-152)

adll-kur0okuni

wash-kuro0 .lee

wa-laa takfuroou.

-~r a ayyuhalladdeena aamanoo+ta-yeen0o bis-sabri was-salah, hmalaha ma~assabireen. ( 11:-I 5 3 )

Translation

! . . A.nd He is Allah (-God) ;there is n o G o d save Him. Mnto Hini isall praise due in the first (life) and in t h e last and. m~t0 H i m d o t h . judgment belong and unto Him y e sliall b e b r o u g h t b a c k .
2..O

e . Who believe. b.ow down and .prostrate before G o d ' a t i d worship )'our Lord, and do good tha~t ye may succeed. Therefore. remember Me (God) and I shall remember yo u an d be no t ungrateful. O Ye..who believe, seek assistance with patience and prayer. Verily, Allah is with the Patient.

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The:Sayings of.the Master Prophet Muhammad

It is related ~hat the Holy Prophet. said. " The behevers " are like one person. \Vhen one of his eyes is hurt; then his .whole body feels pain, and when there is a complaint in his .head, Iris whole:body aches." (Muslim) Abu Haraira relates that the Holy Prophet said, "Once . upon a time, a traveller, overcome 13 thirst, descended into 3, a well to drink water. \Vhen he came up, after he had finished drinking, he met a dog at the edge of the ,;veil panting and licking the mud out of excessive thirst.. The traveller took pity u p o n tlae poor creature a n d retraced his steps down into the ,,veil. He filled one of Iris shoes with waterand, holding the vessel in liis mouth, ascended the Well, with the help of his hands. T h e n he brought the water tO the dog, anti thus satisfied its thirst. God became pleased with the traveller, at-this benevolent act, and forgave his sins." The companions of the Holy Prophet asked, "O, : Prophet of Allah, are .we rewarded for Showing sympatlay, i toward lower animals?" The H o l y Prophet replied, "\Ve are rewarded for doing g o o d to every living creature." (Bukhari)

Imran Ibn. H a t t a n reports, Once I came to Abu Zar and found him a l o n e in the mosque, garbed .in his black sheet I asked him, O, Abu Zar, wily are you all alone inthis way?" He replied, "I-heard the .~loly Prophet said. 'It is better to be alone than to keep evil company; and to. keep good company is better than to be alone. To tell others to-i:i do good is better than silence and to hold your tongue is better than to u s e it i n Prompting others to do evil.' " . Ibni Abbas relates that the Holy Prophet said, "Do not quarrel w i t h your brotlier nor deride him a n d never make : a promise which you cannot fulfill:" (Tirmudhi) i

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"Excerpts from theWritings

" Hazrat The Mirza. Ghulam Ahmad And
I

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Promised Messiah (1836-1908)

Mahdi

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" " 0 , ye, blessed people, adopt with all .',,our strengtli the teachings w h i c h have .beefi r e v e a l e d uuto me for your ati6n. Believe. ve that God is One, wi.thout a partner. sah, Set not equal unt-o Him, neither in heaven nor i n t h e earth. (;.d d o e s not forhid w m f r o m - m a k i n g use o f the. earthly means, but t h e m a n ~vlio--forsakes.God and depends uponthem solely, is a polytheisL It.: has been t h e eternal, cornmandment of God t h a t sah, a t i o n cannot be attained withOUt the a t t a i n n l e n t of the purity of:hearts. Be ye therefore pure in heart, and keep a w a y f r o m - e n v y , jealousy, a n d anger. T h e evil-self of: man contains in it, a variety of filths but the w o r s t of t h e m all is .pride. -'Without pride, there wot.tld: be n O u n b e l i e v e r . Be y e , therefore, lowly and humble in heart~ S h o w syml)athy to all m a n k i n d . -Ye preach-unto p e o p l e in O r d e r to lead t h e m . u n t o paradise; how c a n y o u r preachings be true;.if in this short e a r t h l y life. ye wish t h e m ill. Ye, k e e p th e c o m i n a n d m e n t s l o f G o d with heartfelt fear of Him; bcause, ye will b e . c a l l e d t o answer for them: Pray m u c h in 3"our five daily devotions so that G o d m a y d r a w you t o w a r d H i m an d purify y o u r hearts. 31an is weak a n d cannot get rid o f sins save t h r o u g h the power o f God. : S o l o n g as nmn does not receive D i v i n e power, h e fails to slaun e v i l . " : ( T a z k i r a t u s - S h a h a - D a t a i n ) H o w o m n i p o t e n t and alI-supp0rtingliS G o d - w h o m I have f o u n d , and how m i g h t y a r e the p o w e r s of God w h o m l h a v e seen. T h e truth, is, n o t h i n g is.inapossible,with H i m except-tlaat which is c o n t r a r y to His Book- and pronfise. Therefore, when .thou prayest, pray not like ant naturalists w h o . b e l i e v e in a fanta.stic.-law wliich is not confirmed b y the seal of G0d's Book. the rejected ones of G o d and their prayers will cepted. T h e y are hlind and not seeing, dead and They set against God the laws w h i c h their o w n the ignorof n a t u r e T h e y are not b e a c not living. fancy has

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framed and imt limit to the infinite Divine-powers and think Him to be weak. Hence~ they will be dealt with, according to their lack of faith. But~ when thou standest up for prayers, thou must have cei'tainty: of faith t h a t : t h y G6d has power o v e r a l l things. Then thy prayers will b e al{"swered and tllou wilt Witness the wonders of Divin'e. powers as' I llavewjtnessed. " My testimon):,in this m a t t e r is based upon experience a n d not I uponstori'es. H o w can a man's p r a y e r s b e answei'ed wlm does not believe that God is all-powerful and llow can he be inspired to pray at t h e t i m e of his g r e a t difficulties the s o l u t i o n o f whieJl, he thinks,-is ,against the l a w o f nature? But thou, blessed nlan, b e n o t so~wanting ~in faith. Thv God is the One W h o has suspended countless stars witllout pillars, and W h o has created the heaven and the eartl~ out:of nothing. ~Dost t h o u distrust t!mt t h y God will fail to accomplish thy object? Nax;, thy m i s t r u s t will disappoint thee. Our God is full of'unbounded-and wonderful powers which can lie witnessed by those only who hecome. His in truth and in faith. He filanifests not His'w0nderful powerg Unto those who do not firmly helieve in~ HiS onmipotence and who are not truly faithftd to Hini. " " " . " (Kishti-e.No0h) This.seed (of Ahmadiy~'at, or true Islam) wliich:llas been Sown in the e a r t h shall grow little by little,, until, one day, according to' the h01y ~vords o f God, it beconaes it mighty tree and all those.who are h u n g r y and thirsty for: t r u t h s h a l l t a k e r e s t u n d e r its shade. :l'he love of unreality. will be wiped OUt o f the: hearts of men as though it is dead. i - And the spii'it of truth will be infused into . every b r e a s t . o n that day, all the prophecies of the scriptures will be ful-li filled in which it is written t h a t like t h e o c e a n the:earth will be filled with truth. But as: is the Divine Custom,-all this will happen, slowly. It is not necessary for this gT..~tdual progress that t h e p r o m i s e d Messiah be alive. It is ehotlgh that God will. be living. Such is the eternal law of God wliich c a n n o t be changed. Ignorant wil! h e the man~ who will raise the objection at the.time of tl~e-promised Messi~/h'sdeath, saying, " W h a t has he done?" The seed which the promised Messiah has sown shall ultimately grow, not

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all at o n c e b u t b y a g r a d u a l p r o c e s s , a n d - s h a l l d r a w t h e hearts o f m e n t o w a r d it. so m u c h so t h a t i t - s h a l l s p r e a d all o v e r the w o r l d like a circle. God possesses the k n o w l e d g e of t h e t i m e a n d the. h o u r w h e n t h a t m i g h t y a n d c o m p l e t e transformation will-be wrougllt. - E v e n a s y o u see that the A n t i - C h r i S t d i d n o t ; s p r e a d i t s ex;ils o n t h e f a c e o f t h e e a r t h all a t once, b u t it t 6 o k a 1 0 n g p e r i o d o f t i m e f o r i t s s e e d t o grow. S i m i l a r l y . t h e w o r l d will t u r n : t o w a r d t h e t r u t h s l . w l y a n d s t e a d i l y . Y o u m u s t n o t e n t e r t a i n t h e i d e a like the l o v e r s o f t h e m a g i c t r i c k s :that t h e w o r l d will b e ~ t u r n e d upside d o w n i n : a m o m e n t . O n the. c o n t r a r y , t h e s e e d o f this t r u t h shall g r o w as t h e ph'ints a n d t h e t r e e s .

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AS 3~:e.went home td" India on a prolonged vacation, t h e Moslem Sunrise had t0 be temporarily discontinued. All praise belongs to .God, we are able .to resume thi.~ dear Work; the pre.~ent issue, :being thefirst i " numher after o u r r e t n r n t 0 t h e United States.0f Ametqca. - We lift Our bands to Allah in hunlble prayers that He may, out .of,.,., His infinitemercy and grace, belp .us carry on this work with lasting anti !ncreasing success. MaY we do it solely for His s a k e . . H e alone is our source of strength, and upon Hiul alone, do we depend.
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iXIa3r we earnestly-appeal to our readei's to help us-ill this noble undertaking. Tile3, call render us nlaterial assistance by making generous donations for the Moslem-Sunrise and by increasing its circulation. Last, though not the least, tliey"must help us (Vifl:l their prayers. M a y . . . . God bless them abundantly .for any efforts the3, might, put forth in this tlirection. " .
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It should be noted tbat. considering the nature, of tlie work tO ~'hich we are engaged, we cannot give any fixed dates for. the publleati0n of the Moslem ,qunrise. We shall, however, brhlg out four issues every.year; by file belp and if it be the willof Allah. "

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Relation of"Man to God.

By
H a z r a t Mirza Bashir-ud-din " " Mahmud Ahmad, Khalia-tubMasih II, Head O f The Ahmadiyya Movement In Islam
We nmst remenll)er that it is one thing merely to believe in a thing and quite another to stand in alspecial relationship towards itl- For instance, all educated persons believe in the existence/of the NOrth aiad South Poles, but with the exception:. of a few who are engaged in Polar researizh, nObody is specially interested in them, and a mention of the Poles does-not excite any particular feeling in the minds Of the general lmblic. On the contrary the smallest thing connected with a person or thing one is interested in is apt to excite One,s feelings. It is, therefore, a relevant question to ask what sort of relationship between God and man does a religioninsist on?_ The answer to this question and the nature of such relationship Wouldcon~ stitute a test of the truth or error, and the success or failure of a religion. If a religion insists upon something which is re-. pugnant to the Majesty of God, one would have to conclude. that it has-no real f a i t h in the attributes of God; or i-f it demands something which-though not objectionable has never been complied with.1)y its followers one would have to in fer that that religion has failed to fulfill its object.. A Consideration of the attributes of.God Which_are accepted by ahnost all religions would show. that our real relationship is with God alone, for He is the author o f our being, .He has created all thin gs necessary for our comfort, progress and success, and our future life depends upon His grace. Our parents, children, brOthers, wives, husbands, friends; countrymen,.governments, countries, properties, rank, honour and our very lives do not stand towards us in' any closer/-elationship than God, for' all these are a part of His gifts and He alone is the Donor. In truth once we realize the nature of the attributes t h a t have been described above, we cannot accept a religion as true which does not require that man should love God above a l l other things and should respect and obey Him above all earthly-potentates, and should be ready to sacrifice all thingst0 the Wiil of God and Should not tolerate the l)ostponement of God's corn-

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mands for the sake oLother objects. It must. require man to love God with a lbve~greater than that bestowed .on earthly objects of affection, and to think of H i m anti remember Him more than any other beloved o n e . He must not be regarded merely as a part o f t h e Universe like a river or a mountain in a distant land, b u t m u s t be realized r o b e the fountain-head of all life, the centre of all hope, the cynosure of all eyes. This is exactly what Islam teaches. The Holy Q u r a n s a y s : i. e., "Say, 0 Prophet: I f yozt.r pares, tS, and yo,tr children, and yonlr brethren..and your_wives, .and your husbands. and yottr kinsfolk, and yoztr property which yozt haz,e acqztired with laboztr, and your trade t h e dttlhtess of.which you fear., and your hontes which you love. are dearer to yozt than Allah and H i s Messenger:-and your strivinr.q in the path of Allah to gain H i s pleasure, yott have no faith in Allah.-Then wait till Alla!, issues a d e cree concerning yott. a,d.Allah does nOt guide the transgressors., ( I x , 23). A person cannot claim to be a Moslem unless he stands toward God in the relationship described in this verse. He ought to be prepared to sacrifice every object and feeling for'-the pleasure of God, and ought to prefer the love of God to all other things. At another place the H o l y Quran describes a sure indication 0 f t h e love of God. in the words i. e., "True believers are those who remember God, standing and sitting and when. lying down~ on their sides/" . " .They are so possessed by the. love of God'that.every moment they desire to be near t o God, a n d they are utterly lost in His contemplation arid remembrance, much more than-a lover who.. is lost in the contemplation of his beloved. The remembrance of Hisbounties and His excellences, and the desire t o be near Him and the longing to become One with Hiin recur to them every moment, and whether working or resting: standing or sitting, walking, or- sleeping they. constantly tl~ink o f Him. Again the Holy Quransays : 1. e., Those alo te are. behevers whose hearts become : flooded w i t h the f e a r of God whenever God's name is mentioned; and when the HZord o f G o d :isi'ecited to them their, hearts are filled with faith, and they pttt their: whole trnst in God. "" ( V I I I w 2 . ) --

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That is to say, they believe that 11o undertaking can be brought to a successful issue without His aid, and that all success depends upon His Grace. At this stage I desire to correct a misunderstanding which is prevelant concerning the teachings of Islam, n a m e l y , that Islam teaches a complete d i s r e g a r d of material means and insists merely upon trust i n G o d . No doubt such ideas are entertained by some people, but this is n o t t h e teaching of Islam. The H o l y O u r a n is full,of verses which s a y t h a t God has created all things in the world for the use a n d b e n e f i t of man. H o w can it then, be said that H e means us to disregard allmaterial resources. At one place H e says :

"Enter the houses by their doors, i. e.. In. every mzdertaking adopt the means appointed by Me therefor." (.11, ~ .
188..) Material objects are also the creation of God and a proper use of them in all undertakings is ahsolutely necessary. Again He says: "'Collect all material necessary fol" success." ( I V , 71.) and at another place " , i. e., " W h e n you, go on a journey provide for it.'" (11, 196.) ~ , _ . _ It is related in a t r a d i u o n that a man came to the Holy Prophet (on whom be peace and the blessings of God) and tt/e. latter inquired f r o m him where he had.left his camel. The man. replied that he had left it under the care of God, trusting Him. The Prophet (on w h o m be peace and the blessings-of God) said, " T h i s is not trust in God. T r u s t in God m e a n s that you should first secure/the knee o f the camel and then trust in God," meaning that t~ust in God is not a s y n o n y m for the disregard of natural precautions, b u t signifies a belief that God is a livingGod, and t h a t H e still controls the worid and the consequences of all actions are regulated by His command. He g u a r d s those-who believe in H i m a t a time when t.hey are noteven a w a r e of the danger, and w a t c h e ~ o v e r their affairs when they are absent. T r u s t in God, tht~refore, is the belief that God helps His servants in their distiess and helplessness and tfiat. without His. aid .or in opposition to His Will, material resources can effect nothing. In other words, it is a Condition of mind, and not a physical act o r omission. TO continue, the Holy O u r a n says:
(Continued on the bottom of. the next page

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Sir M. Zafarullah Khan, K, C. S.I, and His. Message to the World

W e take this occasion to e x t e n d o u r sincerest c o n g r a t u l a ions to Sir M. Z a f a r u l l a h Khan, f o r t h e t i t l e of K: C. S. I., conferred u p o n him by K i n g George VI, of E n g l a n d , on the occasion of His Majesty' s coronation. W e offer him furttier felicitations f o r the h o n o r of D o c t o r Of Law, recentlv accorded h i m by the U n i v e r s i t y of O x f o r d . It is o u r earnest p r a y e r that Allah m a y g r a n t h i m still g r e a t e r oi)portunities for t h e service of h u m a n i t y a n d open for him a ~ ista o f endless p r o g r e s s b o t h m a t e r i a l as well as spirit -
llal.

It is apropos to quote below, the c o n c l u d i n g p a r t of S i r M. Zafarullah K h a n ' s speech-which contains a message o f worldwide interest. H e delivered.this speech a s a representative of India, in London, on M a y 2i, 1937, over the British Broadcasting S y s t e m : "India has nmch to give tO the Empire as well as to the rest of the world and With fuller knowledge and better mutual understanding India may become the means of spiritual reconciliation between the East andthe West. \Virile the nations of the \Vest liave been engaged Upon the development and exploitation of the Wonderful forces of nature upon the physi-. cal side, a Very great Spiritnal movement has sprung tip in the East. destined to bring mankind together on the spiritual side. On the physical plane we can clearly perceive that as the result Of an astonishing development in the means of commnnication and transportation and other facili-ties the various sections of mankind are fast tending to become, as it were,
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i. e., "'The pleasuJ'e, or the will of God is to be put above all thh~gs." ( I X . 71.,)
Man s h o u l d not, therefore, b a s e h i s relationship with God, on the hope o f any r e w a r d i n this life or in the l i f e t o c o m e ; his sole object should be to a c h i e v e the pleasure o1" will o f God, f o r God being his Belove~l, i t w o u l d be a n insult to-His love to prefer any object or t h i n g to t h e pleasure of God. T h i s : b r i e f discussion will indicate t h e relationship w h i c h according to Islam m u s t exist between God a n d m a n , a n d I think t h a t every person w h o really believes in G o d will a g r e e with me t h a t o u r relationship with G o d o u g h t to be exactly o f the n a t u r e described ahove."

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The Palestine Problem

By Sufi M. R. Bengalee
P a l e s t i n e is a h o l y land, full Of p l a c e s s a c r e d to b o t h the J e w s a n d A r a b s . F o r a long time, p r i o r to the B r i t i s h occupa~ tion o f the c o u n t r y , t h e y h a v e lived t o g e t h e r in comparative peace a n d tranquility. Since the e s t a b l i s h m e n t o f the British Mandate,.it. has been a scene .of fierce a n d Continual-strife bet w e e n t h e t w o peoples: T h e c a u s e o f this deplorable s t a t e o f a f f a i r s is to be.sought-in the duplicate p r o i n i s e s m a d e b y the B r i t i s h G o v e r n m e n t to the A r a b s a n d the J e w s . T u r k e y , which Was a m o n g t h e enemies o f : t h e Allies, during the W o r l d W a r , ink, aded the t w o points o f s t r a t e g i c iinportance, E g y p t , and S u e z Canal. T h e B r i t i s h GoVernment found it o f vital n e c e s s i t y to win the A r a b s o v e r to their side. The)succeeded in t h i s - s h r e w d scheme b y i n d u c i n g S h a r i f H u s s i a n o f Mecca, w h o w a s a t that. time, the leader o f m o s t o f the Arab tribes, to h e a d a revolt a g a i n s t T u r k e y . In turn, the British G o v e r n m e n t p r o m i s e d on O c t o b e r 24, 1915, t h r o u g h Sir H e n r y

nlembers of. one family and mankind must, therefore, prepare to live as one family: oil the physical as well as ol1 the spiritt/al plane. The recognition of the true brotherhood of nmn in practice .and the acceptance of the Fatherhood of-God as a reality tlmt permeates our very existence are only two illustrations of the profound influence which this movemeut exercises upon its foUowers. Another illustration is the constant anti reverent use i of prayer as a means of actual communion between man and his MaKer. These are old conceptions and truths, but it would not be. incorrect to say that whereas in the West they are being relegated to the position of swnbols and ceremonialisnm they are being revived in-India as realities w[lich ! are bound most powerfully to influence human ii';'es and to give shape to the destinies of the human race. There is a Divine' design for peace and Unity Underlying the universe and I believe that the British Common- ~ wealth of Nations is an instrumeut which, if rightly: used, inay become one of the means of fulfilling that purpose.. That it shall be fulfilled cannot, in the eyes of those who can perceive that purpose, be open .to the slightest douht ; it is for tis to choose whetherit shall b e fulfilled through us or in spite of us. All that tends to obstruct this purpose, to.raise fresh barriers between mankind or to preserve old ones sl!all be swept away: all that tends to promote this purpose and to bring it to fulfillment shalI:i be blessed and fostered."

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MacMahon, the British High Commissioner in Egypt, that "The British Government will support the independence o f the Arab Countries from Turkey." According to. that agreement the boundaries of the independent Arab states, including Palestine, were fixed. Palestine was undoubtedly one of the Arab countries because ninetythree per cent o f the population were Arabs. " Inspired by t h e brigh t hope o f gaining independence according to the solemn pledge made to them by the.British Gove r n m e n t , - - a p l e d g e. in which they placed implicit faith, the Arabs fought 'aliantly on the British side, with their characteristic dash and daring and rendered :them ( T h e British) material assistance in defeating the Turks, The Arabs kept.their promise. This fad: was acknowledged by no less an authority t h a n t h e 7~Var-time British Prime Minister Mr. Lloyd George, who said on September 19, 1919, "The Arabs redeemedtheir pledges given to Great Britain and Great BFitain Will redeem the pledges given to them." As the w a r went on, the British were direly in need of money. The Zionists, who' entertained t h e h i g h ambition for the occupation 0f Palestine, w e r e ready to render them the needed financial support. So, a s m a r t deal was made. The Zionists provided the British with flmds and the British promised them. in their turn t o help them in their age-long aspirations r e g a r d i n g t h e establishment of their National Home in Palestine.. Thus originated the famous BalfoUr Declaration of November 2, 1917. ~ " H i s Majesty's Government views with favour the establishment in Palestine of a National Home for the Jewish people and will use their best endeavours to facilitate the achievement of that object, Jrbeing. clearly understood-that nothing shall be done which may prejudice the civil and religious-rights of existing non-Jewish communities in Palestine, or the rights and political status enjoye d by rite Jews in any country." H e n c e the British Government created an awkward situation. Both the Arabs and the: J e w s were to occupy Palestine at the same time. This, in fact, spelled ruin for the Arabs. T h e y felt they had been betrayed and 'sold out' to the Jews. Their dream o freedom w a s shattered. Instead, t h e y found they were liberated from the yoke o f T u r k e y only to be placed under the domination o t h e Jews.

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The,Balfour Declaration was followed hy Constant and irresistable Jewish immigration into Palestine. The result is-that during the past s~venteen years, this Jewish i n f l u x h a s , increased Jewish popiilation fr0m.fifty thousand to four hundredthousand, which foi-m about one-third o f the total population.. It was sun-clear to the Arabs-that they were to be ultimately thrown out of their countrY. ~ The Arab cont,ention of the priority rights is incontestable: Great Britain definitely acknowledged .and guaranteed the Arab independence of Palestine on October 24, 1915~ through the Hussian-McMahon Covenant. Hence thev had no right to m q k e a furthq.,y deal w i t h the Jews in flagrant contradiction to their liLighted troth. "All the subsequent British action," savs'hn English writer, " t h e foundation of the Na:. tional Home the Balfour Declaration and their insertion in the Mandate, all isnull and i!legi'timate." Tablet, July 17, 1937. is h e l d in pro-Jewisli quarters t h a t because in some ~-eIt mote past, Palestine was the country o f the distant forefathers of the Jewish peoplei they Should be permitted t-o immigrate into the land and lmild a National H o m e . - I n this connection,. nmv we also point o~lt that Palestine has been the.home of the Arabs for the past fourteen centuries. It is equivalent to say that the Red Indians are justified in throwing t h e present Americans out o f t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s or in dominating them. Remember, the present conflict is not between, the Arabs and the Jews of Palestine, but between the Arabs and the foreign Jews, coming from various parts of Europe and. America. The intlustrial anti economic achievement of the J e w s in Palestine is often offered as a n a r g u m e n t in defense of this utterly unjtistifiable J e w i s h immigration into t h a t u n h a p p y land. T h e proponents of this theory;forget that thiS progress is'nmde by the Je~,'s at the expense o f the A r a b s Besides, the whole story i s fictitious, that the.Arabs have been benefitted by t h e Jewish achievements. A writer, Albert Viton, writes in his article published in "The Nation," June 3, 1937: "The federation of Jewish Labour makes keeping work from Arabs one of its chief dims. I recenth, asked a prominent Histadruth leader, in whose "office hung the pictuce ~ff Karl Marx. how he reconciled such a policy with the class struggle. 'The struggle for pure Jewish Labour .is the class struggle,' lie cried." Even Beta Guryon told the Palestine Jewish Congress. "Just as it is tmtlfinkable for a Jew to open a house of pr0sti-

i i i i

i i

i !

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tution in one of the Jewish villages, so unthinkable must it be for a Jew to employ Arabs." A g a i n Dr. H a r o l d Hickey writes in the December N u m b e r c)f the Catholic W o r l d : "It is the fixed rule that in all Jewish colonies and settlements, only Jew[slr Labour shall be employed.. As a case in point, my informant told me of the sale-of a fatal by a Syrian Arab who employed two hundred of.bin own race to till the sml..'x~hen the f~irm was taken over-by the Jewish interests, two hundred fellaheen (.cultivators) were thrown out of employnmnt. . " " It i s a n interesting and noteworthy fact, as Dr. H. Hickey p o i n t s o u t that all the-British Commissions have a d m i t t e d the jugtice of the A r a b cause but their findings and recommenda tions have been repeatedly ignored. All this will explain the violent A r a b - J e w i s h conflict, and ever-recurring bloodshed in Palestine since the b e g i n n i n g of the British Mandate. In order to solve this t a n g l e d p r o b l e m , the British Government appointed the Royal Commission, with L o r d P e e l as the Chairman. T h e world awaited the solution 6 f the Commission, with intense anxiety. T h e report o f the Commission was published on July 7, t937. According t o t h e scheme outlined in the Report, P a l e s t i n e is to be split into three parts, a sovereign A r a b state. ~i sovereign Jewish s t a t e and a territory under a .permanent Mandate to Great Britain. The Aral~s and the Jews vigorously oppose the recommendations of the Royal Commission. Both of the conmmnities concerned, are a d a m a n t in rejecting the partition plan. ~F u r t h e r more, it has elicited severe criticism all over the world, I n other words, the proposed solution d o e s not solve the problem. On the contrary, it aggrevates w h a t already is a y e w bad situation. T h e J e w s are dissatisfied because the state alloted to them is too small, in their opinion, to fulfill their dream. T h e A r a b s a r e not willing to s u r r e n d e r even al ell of ground from their own country. T h e y consider.the scheme of creating, in Palestine, a sovereign Jewish state i n t o which the foreign lews shall freely immigrate, as an act of aggression a n d infringment upon t h e i r territory. T h e - A r a b s feel all the m o r e - w r o n g e d because While the Jews have been accorded the rich and fertile part of the country, the portion assigned t o the Arabs comprises the most a r i d and rocky- regions. The following remarks, made by an English writer, are
" " " * "T : ---

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highly i l l u m i n a t i n g : "Where I-would join issue'with the Connnission is over theboundary, which appears to be drawn tO favor the Jew at the expense of the Arab. If th~ mai~s attached to the Report be examined, it will beseen that the greater and richer part of cultivated and cultivable land has been assigned to Jewry. One result of this maladjusmlent Will be that the;Arabwill always, whatever financial compensation he may be awarded. consider that the Jew Ires robbed him of the most preciouspart of his inheritance, and the political agitator will be given the best of slogans with which, to stir up or renew enmity, to the detriment of the prospects of peace. Another result is that no less than ~225.000 Arabs. at present domioiled in the area-assigned to the: Jews will have to be removed .to other parts of Palestine. For this; says the Report, "An instructive precedent is ;afforded as it happens, by the exchange effected between the Gi'eek and "Turkish populations on the morrow of the Greco-Turkish war of 1922." when 1,300,000. Greeks and 400,000 Turks. were transferred from the lands of their former enemies to their respective- countries. "Unfortunately," continues the Report. '~for our purpose~ the analogy. breaks down at one essential point. In Northern Greece a surplus of cultivable land wag available or coukl rapidly b e made available for the settlement of the Greeks evacuated from Turkey. In Palestine there is at present no such surplus." " But the analogy, breaks down also on other essential points. In the first place, there is no exchange in questiot.L for the Arabs to be displaced amount to a quarter of t h e Arab population of Palestine, wlaereas the. Jews in a similar predicament number only 1,250 persons, again, whereas. the Greeks and the Turks were. transferred from. alien lands to their own countries, the Arab is to be e'l"ected [rom the home he has made in his native.land.'" (The~Saturday Review. J u l y 17, 1937.) In o u r opinion, if justice is t o b e exercised, the solution of the p r o b l e m lies in the a d o p t i o n o f the f o l l o w i n g s u g g e s t i o n s : F i r s t : I n v i e w o f the f a c t t h a t the J e w s h a v e a l r e a d y es-i tablished their N a t i o n a l H o m e iia Palestine, f u r t h e r Jewish itnmigration m u s t at once be stopped. T h e rising tide o f the J e w i s h influx h a s e n o r m o u s l y increased J e w i s h population and t h r e a t e n s to turn, ultimately, A r a b m a j o r i t y into minority. S e c o n d l y : R e s t r i c t i o n s mUSt be p u t t o the mountifig volutne o f a l i e n a t i n g A r a b lan.d to the J e w s so t h a t t h e y m a y not ~ eventually b e dispossessed o f t h e i i - l a n d . T h i r d l y : .The p r o m i s e d N a t i o n a l I n d e p e n d e n c e o f the A r a b s m u s t be declared w i t h - m i n o r i t y r i g h t s a c c o r d e d to the existing Jews. -. . . . The Manchester Guardian presents the Arab case as follows: "The Arabs declare that the commission's conclusion that the Mandate has broken down substantiates the Grand Mufti's evidence and, therefore, should have .as its sequel the acceptance of the latter's claim
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Activities of the Ahmadiyya MoSlem Mosque in. Chicago

By T. Titus smith (Noorul Islam)
Before giving a brief descripti0n of the activities of The Ahmadiyya Mostem Mosque in Chicago, I deem i t o f interest to point out that the nleml~ers of the Mosque consist of a group of people who embraced the faith of Islam during recent years. That means the comnmnity had to abandon some of their old custoins, habits and usuages a n d a d o p t new ones. This indeed is easier written than done. It is highly gratifying, however, to note that these zealous followers of the pt-omised Messiah have done remarkably well in assimilating the teachings of Islam and putting them into practice. On December 10, 1936, our nfissionary Sufi M. R. Bengalee returned t o C h i c a g o a f t e r making an extended trip around the world and. enjoying a prolonged vacation at home i n India. This time he came accompanied by his wife and youngest daughter, a .child~about nine years old. The Moslems of Chicago inet the party at the station and greeted them with joyful cries of Assalamo Alaikum (peace be unto you), AbHamdulillah (praise be to God), and AUaho Akbar (God is most great). In- his reserved and quiet manner, the missionary received these greetings with a countenance .that beamed with happiness and gratitude. Then the group wentdirectly to the mosque and assembled for prayer. It was an occasion of thanksgiving to.God, f o r ,
for National Independence for the Arabs with minority rights granted to the Jews. They cite in support the commission's favbui-able review of the Arab treatment of Jews in past and declare there is no irreconcileable hostility between the t w o and that given~independence, co-operation with all Jews now in Palestinewould follow. Imperial interest in controlling the Mediterranean is suspected as the motive of the present partition, which the Arabs declare will jeopardise the economic interests-of Syria and Iraq~ It is claimed that if the Arabs had been granted National Independence in Palestine all imperial interests would have been gladly guaranteed under treaty." ((Manchester Guardian, July 16, 1937)

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the Moslems were grateful indeed to see their Imanftake his rightful place once more. It was a happy coincidence that our missionary came in our midst during the latter part of the month Of Ramadhan, on the eve of the ceremony called I'dul Fitr, which was cele~ brated with great enthusiasm, In the morning, after the I'd prayer was offered, the Imam gave an instructive sermon. On the night of the same day, a meeting was held in the mosque. The guests were entertained with the delicious Indian Halwa and American cakes, prepared by the moslem ladies. This was followed by an entertainment of spiritual food which consisted of a lecture delivered by the missionarv: on the philosophy of ~Islamic fast. H e vividly brought' l~ome,to his .interested audience., how. Islamic. fast, in addition to the physical benefit which m a n derives from it; helps him to attain righteousness and self-mastery, gives him the lessons of sacrifice and of Unselfish service of humanity and trains him to draw closer and closer to God by devoting a i goodly part of his time to prayersand other spiritual exercises, The arrival of Mr. BengaleCs wife and d a u g h t e r aroused keen enthusiasm in the female circle. Mrs. Bengalee!is an in- . teresting person. She is a native of India and.lived for ten years in East Africa with her father who was-a medical officer there. Now she has come to ~X~merica, with her husband, to make this countryher third home. On February 16; 1937, The Society of the Ahmadi3tya moslem Ladies (Lajnai-tma-Illah) held a meeting in honor of Mrs. Bengalee. The proceedings began with a recitation of a chapter from the Holy Quran by a moslem lady, Then tile president of the ladies' Society presented an address of welcome ! to this beloved Sister from the F a r E~isf, who has endeared i herself to them all, by her extremely modest:and gentle man- "i hers. This was followed by many other addresses of welcome i by the different sisters who" assembled to give expression to i theii-feelings of joy and affection. One o f the Sisters said, .i "~Jrs. Bengalee, thisSociety extends to you its heartiest greetings of good :fellowship. We shalll by the Grace of Allah, use t our best endeavours to make your stay in America both pleas- ~ ant and happy." To these sentiments of friendship, Mrs. Sufi M. R. Bengalee made a most fitting response. After expressing her feelings of deep gratitude to the Ladies ' -Society, for their

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kindnesses and courtesies, she said .in part: "Dear SistersMan has forsaken God. He has goneaway from His path. Darkness-has spread all over the surface of the earth. There is no peace, instead, we seenothing but troubles. In the fulness of time, God sent the promised Messiah and set up the Ahmadiyya Movement in Islam in order to bring man back to the path of Allah and give hiin the much-needed peace and salvation. We have a great opportunity to serve God and man by serving true Islam wlfich the promised Messiah has brought back, .Let us then, dedicate our lives tothe service 0f Islam. This isltlae best way to make our life blessed; this is the best way to have peace and happiness for ourselves andmthis is the best way to give peace and happiness to our feUowmen. Let us be sincere; finn and unshaken in the service: of Islam so that Allah may send angels from heaven to help us in our noble work. -1il conclusion, nmy I humbly request you to-pray for us that Allah may grant Us success in sl~reading the light which we have brought from Qadian." T h e successful celebration o f IMul Azha-:forms a n o t h e r important happening of the Mosque, d u r i n g the period under review. T h e . e v e n t s o f the d a y can- be t r a ~ e d with early rriorning. services, d u r i n g whieh Sttfi M . R . B a n g a l e e led in p r a y e r and delivered a sermon dwelling u p o n t h e story o I the supreme sacrifice made by A b r a h a m , Ishmael and H a g a a r ( H a j i r a ) . The : s p e a k e r u r g e d the moslems to follow the. e x a m p l e o f .their spiritual a n c e s t o r s . L a t e r visitors were received and to the newcomers, the faith o f Islam was explainedl F o l l o w i n g this, was the offering of the goat. In the evening, a n o t h e r lecture w a s given b y .the misSionary, based on the interpretati.on o f the story of A b r a h a m and his son and t h e significance Of ~the pilgrimage. This was well received in as m u c h as some of the T u r k i s h moslems declared that this was the first time they had ever h e a r d of the true i n t e r p r e t a t i o n o f the sacrifice offered on the occasion of pilgrimage. - M u c h f e a s t i n g and entertainment then followed. T h e Turks. the Arabs, t h e Indians, and the A m e r i c a n s - - g a t h e r e d together u n d e r the same oof. It w a s a variegated group, but bound by one common purpose. A most i n t e r e s t i n g t h i n g that happened in our mosque during the recent months was i n connection with the:birth of a (laughter tO o u r Missionary friends, Mr. and Mrs. Sufi M. R. Bengalee. On the seventh d a y o f b i r t h o f t h e child, the Aqniqua ceremon3 was p e r f o r m e d which means a goat w a s 0ffered as sacrifice for t h e baby. T h e moslem ladies prepared

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a d e l i c i o u s - d i n n e r o u t o f the m e a t a n d a f e a s t w a s given, atn i g h t , to t h e a s s e m b l e d g u e s t s . - A f t e r t h e e n t e r t a i n m e n t was over, t h e m i s s i o n a r y f a t h e r . g a v e a speech d w e l l i n g u p o n the s a n c t i t y o f m a r r i a g e a n d t h e c h i l d ' s i m p o r t a n c e i n Islam. T h i s w a s a speech r a t h e r novel to the a u d i e n c e w h i c h listened to it w i t h f a s c i n a t e d i n t e r e s t . C o n t i n u i n g , t h e s p e a k e r s a i d : '~Islam does not throw the child headlong into a stream of endless confusion. Islam govenls his entire course of life with its wise a n d welldirected philosophy. " The husband and wife are enjoined ulmn to offer a pr,ayer at the. time of conceiving childcen, in tim foll0wing words : "O Lord, protect us and protect our children from Satan. i.e.. from evil thoughts'and evil Promptings and e;il companions." The wisdom m~d value of this prayer can hardly be exaggerated. It puts the man .arid woman in a-devotional frame of mind and fills them with thoughts of purity and Godliness. Childreu horn as a result Of such : prayers, are hound to inherit imre thoughts. T l i e H01y Prophetl Muhammad (may tile peace and blessings of God be upon Him) says, "Children whose parents offer this prayer at the time of coming together, are saved from the touch of Satan;" meaning flaereby that they are guat'ded against all evil influences. A child breathes the purity of Islam into his lieart as Soon as he makes his advent into the world. XVhen iae is but a few moments old. Azan, or t h e Mosle'm call to pra~,er-which contains the gist of the lofty teachings of Islam, is Whispered into both his ears. Thisritual is full of deep philosophy. " In the first place; it calls the attention of the parents that their duty: of instructing the child begins from tile moment of his birh. Those par-. : ents who fully grasptlie significance ~)f tiffs injunction will exercise every precaution tO train thechild wi~h habits of virtue and righteousness from his very inf:incy. Secondly, though this prayer is not obiecti.vely under- i stood by tile child, but the spiritual vibration infused at that time i s indelibly registered in ltis whole heing, because not a single impression made upon his mind is entirely lost. I t i s an injunction of the Holy Prophet Muhamnlad (may the,,peace and blessings of God be upon Him) tlmt when a child reaches its seventh birthday, he must be taught to offer his prayers. When.he is bel~ween ten ~i and fifteen years of age,-parents are counselled t o be rather Strict in their discipline/of him concerning the 0hservance Of prayers. Because after he nasses his fifteenfll ),ear the chdd a~ a rule goes ont of Parents coutr01 and they can hardly exerctse any influence upon h m. In short, from/his very infancy, the moslem child is hrought up in a purely religious and spiritual atmosphere and at an early age he discovers ii i a complete unification w i t h God. which lasts with h i m a s long as he fives in tlffsworld. V'.qth Iris increasing years, the Moslem child is taught, step b y step, the manifold duties pertaining to all departnlents of llfe. Thus equipped with a perfect religion and a mighty philosophy, the child begins" Iris career fearlessl) and whatever field .'he may enter he will be more successful, because he has a solid background upon which to build life." ~
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Islam's.Contribution to.Science and Civil. ation

By
Maulvi Abdul Kareem B, A. M. L. C, Retired Inspector o Schools, Bengal, India
It is a historical fact that, c a n n o t be c o n t r o v e r t e d t h a t before the a d v e n t of Islam, Cultivation of science was c o n , d e m n e d as h e r e s y . T h e reason for this is not far to seek. T h e bulk of m a n k i n d could not at t h a t t i m e t h i n k in :the a b s t r a c t , "rod t h e y looked upon t h e e l e m e n t s o f N a t u r e , t h e Subject matte of science, as sacred objects, p o s s e s s i n g s u p e r n a t u r a l powers. T h e y inade idols, symbolizing different elements, and w o r s h i p p e d t h e m as gods a n d goddesses, e i t h e r for protection f r o m evil o r f o r attainment of certain objects. T h u s were the sun, the m o o n , the stars, air, w a t e r , animals, a n d even trees a n d s t o u e s , deified a n d adored. It was n o t h i n g unn a t u r a l in such circmnstances-that a n y deviation f r o m the prevailing belief i n t h e i r s a n c t i t y sliould h a v e b e e n b r a n d e d as a sacrilege, a n d a n y a t t e m p t at a critical e x a m i n a t i o n of their potentiality, f o r g o o d or evil, s t i g m a t i s e d as profanity. T h u s a l l t h a t was useful in t h e h e a v e n s and the e a r t h remained a l t o g e t h e r u n e x p l o r e d , a n d for t-housands of y e a r s man d i d n o t realize the sublime, utility of the forces of Nature. It was r e s e r v e d for the u n t u t o r e d Son of the DeSert to open m a n ' s eyes to the w o n d e r f u l N a t u r e b y b r i n g i n g d o w n her e l e m e n t s f r o m t h e h i g h pedestal of divinity, on w h i c h they had been placed, t 9 the position of s e r v a n t s of m a n k i n d .
. . . . .

In this article, I have described only some outstanding events of our " Al0sque in Chicago. Meetings are. however, held in file mosque four times a week. In addition to the observance of the Jumma prayer on Frida3,s, the Moslems assembleto offer prayerg in congregations three times a week, to hold classes for the learning of Islaln and to preach the Holy Faith. These meetings are often attended by non-Moslenls and almost all Moslenls give talks on Islam on different occasions. Similar activities can be recorded of the various Missions in different cities such as Kansas City, Iiadianapolis, Detroit, Cleveland and Pittsburgh. All praise belongs to Allah. -

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"And He has made subservient to you The the n i g h t and the day and the s u n and the Subservience moon and the stars a r e made subservient of Natural by H i s c o m m a n d m e n t ; most surely-thece Elements t o are signs in this for a people tO ponder... '" Man Ai Quran . . . . . . . . . . . . T h u s were the gods of the pre-Islamic people reduced by one stroke to man's servants. For the first time in the' history of the world the H o l y Quran declared in unmistakable language that. the main purpose for Which all objects, from the mightiest sun to tlae most insigfiificant atom, were created, is to minister tO m a n ' s n e e d s Everything in the universe being intended for his use, man has been conama-nded to investigate their intrinsic properties,---in o t h e r words, to cultivate every branch o f science. T h u s d i d the Ouran, by declaring man the best o f creation and everything in it sulk, servient to. him, give a tremehd0us .impetus to the development of scientific resear~zh. In fact tlie foundation of modern science was thus laid by acquainting man with the :real nature of the forces and laws of Nature and by teaching him how to h a r n e s s t h e m for human service. Tlie initiation of the conquest of Nature and the utilization Of its forces for the good of hmnanity is, indeed, one of t h e greatest blessings i Islam has conferred upon mankind. The Ouran Clearly indicated the way in which to reduce Nature to hunmn service b y contemplation and observation of four kinds, viz., Tafaqquh, Tadabbu~, Tafakkur and 7"aaqqul... By the first a correct idea of things and their different features c a n b e got, by t h e second t h e knowledge of how to utilize them properly can be acquiredi the third teaches the ways b y w h i c h things have come into existence ! and how their properties may be discovered, while the fourth gives the knowledge whicll enables man to make the right use of different tliings in everyday life. It. was the medita, ~ tions indicated b y Tafaakkur and Taaqqul that actuated dif- ~ ferent kinds of scientific-research a m o n g . t h e e a r l y Moslems. i This is how the Quran:placed in the hands of nlan tlie key _] with which the treasure-house of Nature could be oiiened, and Divine Revelation-came to show him the Way to his ma- i terial progress. Everytlfing in the universe having been in- i tended for the use of-man it ?,vas-a virtuous act for him to make researches into the reahns of Nature in order to dis-

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o,ver the utility of its various components. Thus the first 'principle of progress, the utilization of the forces of Nature for the needs of man, became an artii:le of faith with the MoSlems, and impelled them to engage in scientific research. Nature's The -Propliet of Islam went- So far a s to Exploration" Is m a k e explorations in the realms o f Nature God's the real glorification of God, and to place Glorification t h e acquisition of l~nowledge on an equal footifig with His worship. Man was required to glorify God not by mere expression of lip-gratitude, but 1] discovering and utilizing the properties and potentialities 3 of the things He has cr~/ated for.supplying the needs of His creatures: Realization o.f the scattered bounties of God was to be the realization of God himself. A Moslem was to spiritualize, as it were,.his whole niatei'ial surroundings by seeing and feeling the evidence of God:s power and .love ~n every blade of grass and in e v e r y bre,'ith of a i r . 'Verily in the creation of heavens a n d earfla, and the alteration of night and day, there are. signs for men of understanding, who remember Allah standing, sitting and while lying on their sides, and ponder over the creation of heavens and earth" (all say) ,'our Lord Thou hast not created (all) this in vain. Glory b e t o T h e e . " A1-Quran, Chapter III. But t h e Prophet o f Islam laid t h e greatest stress on the acquisition of knowledge and made it essentially incumbent upon all his followers, irespective o f sex, rank, colour a n d country .... "'Seeking of knowledge is imperative for all Moslems, male and female." ' H e who has been gifted w i t h knowledge," says t h e Quran, has been gifted w i t h a n abounding blessing." Convinced that a n i g n o r a n t person cannot adequately realize the great S hess and goodness of God, the Prophet of Islam made acq(fisition of knowledge an essential of faith and did not a p prove of his followers being entirely absorbed in the meditation o f God, an hour's contemplation and study: of His creation being better than a year's adoration." Moslems were particularly enjoined to be in constant search of knowledge "from-the cradle to the grave;" a n d t h e y were told that "the ink of the-scholar was holier than the blood of the martyr." Islam Made Education Compulsory For All

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Thus i n t h a t darl~ age, when the w o r l d was enveloped in ignorance and illiteracy, Islam created an insatiable thirst f o r knowledge and caused a tremendous upheaval of. science in reahns hitheto altogether unexplored. Such an extraordinary outburst of intellectual activity was unparalleled i n h u m a n history. Some undreamt of discoveries and inventions were made and these inunensely contributed to the progress Of civilization. and the welfare of mankind. There was hardly any science of which the Moslems did not make themselves masters. They created inodern Chemistry, made most important 'discoveries :': in Astronomy, added nmch to the knowledge of Mathematics. " and Medicine and made ~/ery valuable researches in Botany' Geology, Zoology and other., b r a n c h e s o f Natural Philosophy. " The foundation of what is termed Physical Science was thus laid, and the. gates o f investigation into the marvels of creation were flung wide.open. ~ " " The Moslems, by unraveling the mysteries of Nature and wideningthe Scope of knowledge, introduced such blessings of comfort and happiness as were unknown in the World. It was the intellectual liberty and the Spirit of scientific research inaugurated by then( that brought abou~ the: European Renaissance and introduced into the modern world t h e arts and scienceswhich ennobled the heart, elevated the mind an6_con= tributed to human happiness. The height of scientific progress forecast by the Ouran has not yet been fully attained. The world" is full of materials that await man's exertion and ingenuity for t h e i r development and utilization.~ There are millions 0f things in the reahn of t h e seas and in the bowels of the earth and the ocean that-have been created for man's use. All these have to be harnessed in: order to meet the increased requirements of human society, ii The Quran repeatedly speaks of the~subservience of the physical w o r l d a n d phenomena to man; whose duty it is to explore them for use . . . . " .: Before the advent of Islam, the West, which now~a-days i claims all credit forprogress in science and civilization, was steeped in ig~aorance and darkness. It was the intellectual lib- ~:: erty and scientific research inaugurated by the Moslems which .i! brought about the Renaissance to w h i c h E u r o p e owed its re- ! generation. Medieval Europe was a hot-bed o religious fanaticism and social conservatism; and-the intellectual stagnation which prevailed there is altogether beyond conception in modern times.
I

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How Islam Cures EconomicIlls

By
James A. W i l l i a m s ( M u h a m m a d A h m a d )

The world is indeed sorely perplexed over the acute condition of its economic ills, a n d is turning from o n e fleeting panacea to anotller, in the hope of at last strikin~ upon an idea, from which it will not again have t o d i g r ~ s . Great nations of t h e w o r l d are, all, trying to cope with t h e situation as be~t they can. I t must he admitted that men-devised schemes, i n r e g a r d to society and economic status o f ~mr nations, have led our people further /rod f u r t h e r into wilderness. It is high time for mankind to find a plan that will lead our present generation out of the morass of eco..n~mlic evils a n d place it upon a sound financial footing. -Thirteen hundred .and fifty years ago; God revealed unto .the Holy Proi~het.~'{uhanamad (n!a3 the peace and blessings o f A l l a h be upon. Him) an economic system, which was and,iS an open sesame to all-of our present economic ills, and which establishes a w a y for all time, t o live and prosper w i t h o u t fear or want. Islam imposes upon the Moslem Government the sacred duty of promoting moral and material welfare of the people. As a mother and father are responsible for their children, so is the Islamic government enjoined t o s e e that all its subjects are provided with the bare necessities of life-; in short, food, clothes, shelter and all other siinilar things -as contribute to t h e common welfare of the people. In this wise, the H o l y P r o p h e t (on who be peace) says: , E v e r y one of you-is like a Shepherd and is responsible for the persons and things that are placed under lfis charge. T h e Sovereign is.responsible and answerable for h i s subjects,, and every man is responsible and answerable for the " members of his family, a n d e v e r y woman is responsible and answerable for her home and children, and every servant is responsible and answerable for the property. Of: his master that is in his chargei"- (The True I s l a m P. 321). In order to fulfill t h i s d u t y of promoting moral and material welfare and.interests of the people, a census Used

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to be taken in Islamic countries by the g o v e r n m e n t and every individual was registered with it. Such m e a s u r e was taken, not to fill .the government coffers, but to keep it well informed about the true condition of the people so tlmt it m i g h t successfully discharge its duty. T h e collection of provisions .which may be needed, by the people, i n times~.of scarcity, fornis an i m p o r t a n t dutv of t h e - I s l a m i c g o v e r n m e n t . D a r i n g the early, period of Islam, the Caliphs (Khalifas) took great care to see that this duty was not neglected, It was dispensed by means iff raion tickets which in. turn, e n a b l e d people to purchase n e e d ful articles and food stuffs from the gox;ernment store, i However, in providing for the indigent, Islam does not condone idleness and does e v e r y t h i n g in its power to.set people to prodttctive labor of one f o r m or another. It is the d u t y o f the stare to see. that each i n d i v i d u a l is ' skilled in some art or craft, that he m a y 1)e-enabled to earn Iris living. It is i n c u m b e n t ' that everyone learn a trade." T h e r e is no e x e m p t i o n from work, a s l o n g as one is physi- i cally able. A g a i n it is the d u t y Of the~state to help people Who are skilled in some art or cr~tft, but have nol: t h e wllerewitlml. to start to w o r k . T h e Holy Quran directs t h a t such pet~ple. ! be given financial assistance from the Islamic t r e a s u r y . . \Vith r e g a r d to the worker, Islam believes and pro 7 rides the.just and ade.quate p a y m e n t of wages. His wages - i must be livable wages and m u s t n o t be paid to the worker . g r u d g i n g l y , for qms n o t the w o r k e r himself contributed t o the profits of his employer, and should he not enjoy tl~ese i profits, t o o ? Therefore, as the universe was created for all men, in wliich they have an equal right to p a r t i c i p a t e and enjoy, Islam lays d o w n t h e p r i n c i p l e t h a t o t h e r s of s u p e r i o r intellect and m o r e fortunate cii-cumstances, must help and share with their less fortunate co-workers. , In spite of this, Islam recognizes that those w h o work i harder ,than othet:s and show, exceptional, abilitbr are not to .:: be deprived o f - t h e i r just rewards. Islam encourages the ~ spirit of competition within reasonable bounds and in ord e r t o foster this spirit Of emulation, permits people to re- i tain that Which they lmve honestly earned. I n Short: " T h e share of those w h o h a v e . i n a n y way i c o n t r i b u t e d t o w a r d the production of wealth which is ap~ ~

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propriated by the rich is secured to the former. The door of progress i s kept open for all mankind and admission is not restricted to the naembers o f a particular family or class ; t l l e members of tlie l o w e s t classes are-afforded equal opportunities along with the rest of the people, of attaining to the highest positions and dignities, and wealth and power do not become t h e hereditary monopolies of any particular class . . . . . " (Ahnladiyyat or True Islam, P. 336). And further,. "Islam teaches that all things in the universe are the common property o f a l l m a n k i n d , and that, lherefore, t h e r e can be~no c o m p l e t e individual ownership of anything. A is the owner of Iris property, not in t h e sense that anyhody else h a s a n y right iii it but i n the sense that A'S share ill it is larger than that o f anyhody else, for hc has acquired it X~,ith-his labor. Islam describes the share of the poor in the wealth of the rich as a r i g h t . . . " (The True Islam, ) In order, howeverl to prevent people from spending the whole of their wealth on personal gratification, Islam has put a n end to-all kinds of excess and indulgence. Islam prohibits etrava.~ance in food. dress, houses, in short in every Concern o r department of life. a n d a moslem, theretore, who f o l l o w s t h e iniunctions of Islam. cannot possibly spend so much. On his own personal gratifications as to injuriously affect the rights of Other s in his. property or wealth. This brings us to the question - - h y what means, Is-. lain enjoins the wealth of the more prosperous classes td be distributed. The following three precepts of t h e Islamic economic system strike at the root Of the accumulation Of wealth and exercise economic justice by giving equitable;and wide dis trihution. . . . . . - " : . 1. :Judicious Distributlon o f Inheritance: 2. Zakat. . 3. Ban on .Interest. In regard to the equit~.ble distribution of inheritance, the:Quaran states that no man has the power to divise o r bequeathe the whole o his .pr0pertyto . 0 n e m a n , permittir~g the accumulation o f wealth into a few hands. Under the Islami'c law of inheritance, Children of .wealthy father, cannot wax idle on the support o f the hoarded wealth of their

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father, for the whole of their proI)erty must be divided a m o n g s t several Classes of heirs.. Again as this property is divided and subdivided, each generation, in course of t h r e e or four generations, even the largest, estates d w i n d l e into small holdings. The institution of Zakat is tlie second means by; which Islam counteracts the tendency to economic inequality. This consists Of two and one-half per cent charge on all capital, commercial investments, secirfi-ties of different kinds or deposits. This occupies such an important place in Islam that it constitutes one of the five pillars of tl~e faith. It i s t o , b e noted that this Zakat m u s t b e l e v i e d on the rich to 'be restored to the~ poor. Proceeds of this tWO and onehalf per cent :harge must go into the public treasury and. must be spent on. the poor and the needy. Thus, by this i n s t i t u t i o n o f Zakat, Islam dischargesall those rights which, the poor have on. the wealth of tlie rich. On the other hand, it constantly gives wider and wider distribution of w e a l t h a n d thereby,_rem0ves the evils of capitalisnl.

Third economic precept of Islam consists in its b a n on interest. " Interest-is one Of the worst banes on society. It is a slow individious disease that eats at the Structure of. a nation and causes its-precil)itate flight d o w n into disintegration and ultimate ruin. It allows individuals to live and enlarge upon t h e i r inherited w e a l t h , w i t h o u t honest toil or produc--" tive labour. Such people become parasites on society. "The possibility of raising loans on interest enables people with established credit to go on borrowing to any extent they please. I~ such borrowing were-not possible they would be compelled either to-admit otl!er people as partners with them, or to restrict the scope of their business, s o a s to leave room xCorother people to start similar undertakings. The huge trusts and syndicates which at present mnopolize the sources of national wealth, would n o t be possible without interest, and wealth would be m o r e evenly distributed anaong the people," " . (The True Islam P.343.). . Besides, this institution of interest-is often resl~onsible for war. The Great W a r could not be continued unless g0vernments of the belligerant.nations raised money o n interest.
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Moslem Architecture
By
Miss Nina Stauffer At a time when all Europe was lh, ing m i g n o r a n c e and darkness, a brilliant civilization was flourishing inAsia. This epoch of Arabian supreniacy must ever occupy a distinguislied place in the iiitellectual history :of Mankind.However,-before the advent of Mohammad very little was heard of Arabia. T h e r e a l history of Arabia begins with the reign of Muhammad and his immediate successors. So great was the Mussalman's thirst for knowledge that the g r e a t Caliphs invited l e a r n e d m e n f r 0 m a l l Countries and paid them princely salaries.i At a time when intellectual progress received little encouragement throughout the world, Islam kept alive the w o r k s of the g r e a t Greek writers. -The Arabians employed their time i n Collecting and diffusing knowledge in the three great divisions of the world. Not only did I s l a m : p r o m o t e extensive advancement in geograpliy, history, philosoplay, medicine, physics, arithmetic, algebra,, geometry and astronomy, but she also left her h a n d w r i t i n g on the pages Of time by means of Architecture. S~one is lasting and it often reveals to the future generations t h e th0ugl!ts, ideals and aspirations of the people who caused i t to take shape. The Mosque, Mausoleum, and the palace are the chief No nation would be prepared to bear-the heavy burden laid down on it by the devastating ~Var. Thus, to summarize, I s l a m provides ample laws for the distribution Of inheritance, in orde/- that the children of those who have accumulated wealth may not disintegrate into a class of idle wasters, and that this money may not lie concentrated in a few hands. Second, excessive commercial profits are kept in Check by the Islamic institution of Zakat, and prevents the capitalist from monopolizing the wealth of the nation. Third, it once and for all stamps o u t interest, and drives the money lenders and ruthless Shylocks out of the temple.

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contributions of Islam to architecture. .Because of the 1~Iohammadan aversion to idols the-Mussahnan did not produce Monunaental statuary but he did create m a n y miniatures and carvings of exquisite beauty. The flat geonmetrical and :: arabesque.designs as 3vell as the filigree carving was skilfully handled in their architecture, In t h e eighth century, stories of the wealth and beauty of Baghdad was related in many European cities. These stories were probabh no e x a g g e r a t i o n b e c a u s e it was the i:: most interesting city-of the world a n d the most alive of scientific and artistic life: The architecture of Baghdail was un- i surpassed on account b r i t s many gorgeous Mosques whose ! domes sparkled and glowed with brightColors imd whose slender minarets pointed their graceful fingers t o t h e s k y . . ! Three great montfments of Islam's construction stand to- i day and no traveler feels satisfied until lie has visited those t liree shrines. One, The Alhanibra, the famous palace of the Moorish kings is probab!y the best k n o w n t 0 , t h e western world. This gre~,t edifi~:e was iei'ected when Islam was active in ; establishing its schools and culture in Spain. \ V a s h i u g t o n Irving, an Ameri~:an Writer,, w a s inspired to write his well! known treatise on "The Allaaml~ra" after he had visited it. Each person as he enters the gate of J u d g m e n t marvels at the sheer-beauty, gritce, aild x~ariety of vaulted ceilings, i . / ~ / ' . arches, pdlars, arabesque.s and carvings. "x,Vhen one is privileged to see the nlaze of the other gemlike co'urts and apart- '; ments he is able to understand t h e power and charm of the old Moorish civilizatioli-wllich once flourished in Spain. The second great architectural-Sllririe,The Tai Malml, often called one of the Seven wonders of t h e w o r l d , the" greatest masterpiece of. Indian arciiitecture-and the most ~: magnificent Of t h e .seventeenth century, _ is .located outside the city of Agra: It-is a lasting tribute of wliite marble built by Enlperor Sfiah Jehan as a : b u r i a l place for his wife. This famous structure is Situated inflae center of a court thr~e hundred and fifteen feet square. The niinaret a n d the dome are used in-the construction of this edifice and the decorations consist of arabesques, 1fiosaics and passages from the. Koran in ililay work of precious stones of unsurpassed beauty.
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Status of Woman in Islam

By Omar Cleveland
Before the a d v e n t of the Holy P r o p h e t M u h a m m a d (may t h e peace and blessings of Gocl b e u p o n H i m ) women in all c o u n t r i e s w e r e t e r r i b l y d e g r a d e d and i n t h e @ o s i t i o n of slaves. I n some cases she was able to d o m i n a t e her husband b u t h e r r i g h t t o freedom w a s n o t accorded h e r b y any n a t i o n Or religio n . -Her husband was regarded as the owner of her property and she, too, was assigned to her husband as his property: . She was obliged to resign herself to lier lot. The hus-, "band could beat her a n d s h e . c o u i d getlno redress. In some ccmntries, husbands Could sell their wives or lose them by gambling. She had no domestic privileges B no religious status. H o w e v e r much oppressed she could n o t separate from her husband. Her husbandmiglat divorce her whenever he chose but the wife could not divorce h i n l . A third s h r i n e of Moslem arclfitecture is :tlle Great Mosque in.the City of Delhi. This is a magnificent structure in the Byzantine=Arabic style constructed d u r i n g t h e reign o f Emperor Shah Jehan in the seventeenth century. The great Mosque stands o!a an equalateral foundation and it projects a symphony of beauty coml)ining .white marble and red isandstone inlaid like m o s a i c in lines and arabesques. This triad of architectural:beauty, a palace, a tomb, and a mosque, each a study in itself, testify to the world that Islani not only awakened the world with- its intellectual research b u t i t also contributed to t h e ricliness of the world's a r t t h r o u g h its architecture. M a n y years, ago Goeth:e wrote "Arcliitecture is frozen n u s l c . . So like a great and lasting symphony the architectural m o n u m e n t s which Islam has produced remain a constant joy to the privileged few who have been permitted to view these lofty edifices~ .- " .
" ?

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W h e n the h u s b a n d died the w i d o w was forcefully married to a relative of the h u s b a n d . A m o t h e r had n o rights: over her c h i l d r e n and w a s seldom c o n s u l t e d a b o u t their upbringing. W h e n e v e r he wisl!ed, the h u s b a n d could drive her. out of the house a n d leave h e r t o w a n d e r about homeless. " ' The coming o f the P r o p h e t wiped o u t all t h o s e iniquities. H e - e x a l t e d her position a n d declared that t h e rights of w o m e n , henceforth.,-were to be s a f e g u a r d e d . Special stress was laid on the e n j o y m e n t - o f equal rig!its :for men and w o m e n , W o m e n could n o w o w n l~roperty " all p r o p e r t y real and personal, could not be taken a w a y f r o m her. She could,. inherit p r o p e r t y the s a m e a s her brothers, ' retain her individuality, her possessions, her name. S h e was to be sole mistress of h e r property. T h e h u s b a n d was held r e s p o n s i b l e f o r t h e u p k e e p of his wife and children. " T h e wife n e e d : n o l o n g e r f e a r being reduced to tlie l e v e l o f a s e r v a n t . T h e h u s b a n d ' s t r e a t m e n t of laer must correspond to the position to w h i c h he himself belonged. w o m e n , henceforth, w e r e to have an. independent status as t h a t a c c o r d e d t o men. " On the deatli o f h e r h u s b a n d she w o u l d be free to wed a n y suitor, w h o : s o u g h t lie r hand, nor w o u l d She.be.expected to live in a n y place in particular. T h e P r o p h e t M u h a n m a a d (peace a n d blessings be upon H i m ) bade w o m a n to g o , - e v e r f o r w a r d , With e n e r g y and sleepless v,ig:il'ance a n d seek e v e r l a s t i n g bliss as promised b y . t h e H o l y Q u r a n fo r o b e y i n g its injunCtions~ A n d f o r t h i r t e e n hundred, y e a r s Islam has accorded a h i g h e r status to w o m a n t h a n a n y n a t i o n or religion.
t
. . . .

" (Continued f i o m page 2). " " : " .."" to seek the~ pleasure of God so that His name be glorified i n - E n g l a n d and that people of this country may also partake of the blessings which have been Vouchsafed to us.- I pray to God that He. may accept t h i s . h u m b l e a n d sincere effort of a l l tile members o f - t h e A h m a d i y y a Movement, ' both w o m e n a n d men, a n d that He m a y provide megns for the growing prosperity of .this Mosque; and may He make it f o r ever and ever a centre for p r o m u l g a t i n g the views of purity, piety~ justice and l o v e , a n d m a y this place pr0ve a sun of spiritual light radiating forth in this c6untry and in all the countries around the blessed beams of the. Heavenly light of t h e Holy Prophet Muhammad- the Chosen one- of God and t h e . s e a l of the p~'ophets and of Aiunad the Promised Messiah, the prophet of God, the .Vicegerent,-and the reflection of Muhammad (may peace and the blessings of God be upon them both). Amen. October 19, 1924.

-What is Islam?
Islam is t h e r e l i g i o n which is wrongly called Mohammedanism. 1. Islam m e a n s :
(1) (2) Peace. Resignation . "

The sikmificance of the name Islam is the attMmnent o f a life o f perfect peace., and eternal haplfiness through complete resignation to tile \Vill o f God. " . . . . 2. Ahsolutelv tuiconal~ronfisi!lg monotht'isnl is .the central teaching of Islam. ' ",~a- I | aim. lllallala Muhaummdur=Ix'asululia.7 " T h e r e is none " w~;rthy of worship, but one and the only G o d ( A l l a h ) , who possesses all excellences./rod Muhamnmd is H i s proplaet. Tlns is t h e m o s t important d,etrine o f - I s l a m . . l~urthernlore. I s l a m helps us .to establish a p e r m a neht relationship with God and t o r e a l i z e H i m d u r i n g o u r earthly life as ,mr H e l p e r i n all o u r . a f f a i r s and undertakings.. ' .3.. Islam requires, belief in all t h e prophets and spiritual ~ f i d e s including A b r a h a m . M o s e s . Jesus.. Krislma.. B u d h a a n d Confucius. Islam represents the c o m p l e t i o n of the mission o f a l l the prophets from the earliest dawn of lfistorv :- that. in fact .all the p r o p h e t s of- G o d came with o n e a n d the same" mission. T h u s Islam estaliliShes peace hetwe6n all religions.. " : 4. Quran. the Moslem Scripture, t h e w o r d o f God was revealed, t - the Master-prol~het Mulmmmatl_o~zer thirteen h u n d r e d years a ~ and has been p r e s e r v e d intact without the slightest change.. "I'here are millions and m i l l i o n s o f Moslems who know the whole Book hv heart. -It is an inexhaustible mine of spiritual ~truths which satisfy the needs nf all peoples of. all countries. " " " 5. The estat~lishment o f true democracy and nnivei-sal brotherhood wit[lout any discrimination of. caste, creed, colour or country i s tile unJc:lue and unrivalled :distinction o f Islam. Islam has not 0nly propottnded but fulfilled a n d r e a l i z e d thi~ s p l e n d i d p r i n c i p l e s o f d e m o c r a c y in t h e acttml life and action-Of human society.. 6. Following a r e a few of the specific peculiarities of I s l a m : (a) Liberation of Women by establish,ing tile equalit\" of both sexes, safe-guarding their rights and liberties and raising their status. ( b ) Absolute veto on all intoxicants; . . (c) SolutiOn of ec0nomic poblems . . . . ( d ) "Ehe f u r n i s h i n g of.humanity with the .noblest practical ethics. re) The promotion of Science and education. 7. Following a r e some of the obliffatory duties o f I s l a m : (a) Daily prayers. (b) Fasting in the m o n t h o f Ramadan. ~ " " .
. .

Pilgrimage once in one's lifetime, provided cireitmstances-allow. 8. According :to Islam | i f e a f t e r death is the Continuatinn o f life on earih. Heaven and Hell lit'gin right from h e r e . Heaven i s eterfial and everlasting, While .Hell is 0nly te!npcwaD'. H e l l is ,an a hospital treatment for t h e h u n m n sou] which, as s . o n .as J r i s cured, goes to Heaven. Heaven is the attaimnent Of a life iof everlasting progress and complete joy and h a p p l n e s s thrc, ugh union With G o d and by the developmeat of t h e fine s0iritual qualities and tlle unlimited capacities t h a t have been implanted in alan.

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