EFFECTIVENESS OF POMELO EXTRACT AS A HOMEMADE DISHWASHING LIQUID SY: 2012-2013

A Research Proposal Presented to the Faculty of the CATANDUANES STATE UNIVERSITY Virac, Catanduanes

In Partial Fulfillment Of The Requirements in RESEARCH 2

BY: REA MAE THERESE Q. DELA ROSA CLAUDETTE E. BARCELON

January, 2013

Chapter 1 THE PROBLEM AND ITS SETTING

Background of the Study

The term dishwashing refers to cleaning eating and utensils, in addition to dishes. In British English term is washing up is more common. Dishwashing is usually done using an implement for the washer to wield, unless done using an automated dishwasher. Commonly used implements include sponges, scourers, clothes brushes or even steel wool when tackling particular intransigent stuck on food particles. The reduced surface tension of dishwashing water allows the soap to turn-off the dishes in a dish rack and the remaining traces of dishwashing liquid can dry off fast and do not pose any health or taste problems. However, many people rinse the dishes washing them. A dilute combination of dishwashing liquid with water can be used to produce soap bubbles. Dishwashing liquid has also been administered orally as a substitute for soap as a form of corporal punishment. This is often colloquially referred to as washing the mouth out with soap or another similar phrase. However, this use carries health risks and has declined substantially in recent decades. Dishwashing liquid has also been used as a stain cleaner. Dishwashing liquid has also been used to treat birds affected by oil spills. After the Exxon Valdez oil spill in 1989, the International Bird Rescue Research Center received hundreds of cases of Dawn dishwashing liquid that were used to clean up birds and other animals contaminated with spilled oil. Similarly, rubbing the undiluted liquid soap over black, oily hands after working on one's car engine for example is as efficient at removing the grime as proprietary grime-removers and less damaging to the skin by being immediately washable. it can also be used to mix mortar when there is no Plasticizer available on the building sites.

A homemade dishwashing liquid can be used in washing dishes. The homemade liquid can be substitute to the common commercial dishwashing liquid that is commonly used inside our kitchen; by using this homemade dishwashing liquid that the researchers are planning to produce can help in saving money, time and effort knowing that the ingredients are available in the public market. And because of its effective ingredients, it can remove the stains in the dishes without further difficulties. In order to make life easier nowadays, people tend to be wiser in picking the products that theyre buying. They always make sure that the product has the best quality yet the price is lesser. Buying a liquid dishwashing liquid can sometimes be a great attribute in the buyers list. And since washing dishes is done at least three times a day itll surely cost a lot of money if not used thriftily and properly. Plus, all dishwashing liquid products are from the other place so there is a price increase to the product. Borax, also known as sodium borate, sodium tetra borate, or disodium tetra borate, is an important boron compound, a mineral, and a salt of boric acid. Powdered borax is white, consisting of soft colorless crystals that dissolve easily in water. Borax is used in various household laundries and cleaning products, including the "20 Mule Team Borax" laundry booster and "Boraxo" powdered hand soap. However, despite its name, "Borateem" laundry bleach no longer contains borax or other boron compounds. Borax is also present in some tooth bleaching formulas. It is also an active ingredient in indoor and outdoor ant baits and killers. The main ingredients are washing soda which makes the suds of homemade dishwashing liquid stays longer. Another is the Pomelo; we used its extract to give the fragrance and the color of the developed dishwashing liquid. All the ingredients are located and are available in the public market. The researchers gathered information to build up the data intended daily kitchen wares and it will serve as a guide to the other researchers who come up with similar idea, also, to benefit the housewives and other dishwashers in creating their own dishwashing liquid.

Statement of the Problem

The study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of Pomelo extract as a dishwashing liquid on kitchen wares. Specifically, it seeks to answer the following questions:

1. Is the product effective in terms of washing: a. Stainless materials b. Glasses c. Silver wares d. Plastic wares

2. Which proportion of dishwashing liquid using pomelo yield the best quality characteristics? 3. Is there any significant difference between the dishwashing liquid using pomelo the commercial dishwashing liquid?

Importance of the Study

Creating a homemade dishwashing liquid has many advantages. This can save a lot of money, time and effort to the buyers. This study can be helpful as a source of proper information in washing dishes. The beneficiaries are the housewives, the dishwashers, businessmen who operate restaurants, eateries, hotels and others using dishwashing liquid, and the researchers. For the housewives, dishwashers, and businessmen who operate restaurants, eateries, hotels and others using dishwashing liquid, they can now have their own alternative way of producing dishwashing liquid. They can save money, effort, and time buying such product. Besides, it can be helpful for the environment and they can assure the safeties of the product. For the researchers, this will serve as a guide in their studies. They can all the needed information in this study.

Scope and Delimitation

The study was conducted to explore the possibilities and test the effectiveness of the produced homemade dishwashing liquid. The ingredients of such product should properly apply for the study to be successful. This study was conducted at Calatagan Ptoper, Virac, Catanduanes. The study only covers the people from Calatagan, Virac, Catanduanes particularly housewives.

Chapter 2 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

Related Literature

The Pomelo is the patriarch of the citrus family - albeit underappreciated. Sometimes called pummelo, pommelo, shaddock or jabong, pomelos resemble overgrown grapefruits, but are in fact an ancestor to the grapefruit. The pomelo tastes like a sweet, mild grapefruit (which is itself a hybrid of the pomelo and the orange), though the typical pomelo is much larger in size than the grapefruit. It has very little, or none, of the common grapefruit's bitterness, but the enveloping membranous material around the segments is bitter, considered inedible, and thus usually is discarded. The peel is sometimes used to make marmalade, can be candied and sometimes dipped in chocolate or, in China, is used in stir-fry with pork. Pomelos are usually grafted onto other citrus rootstocks, but can be grown from seed, provided the seeds are not allowed to dry out before planting. The seedlings take about eight years to start blooming and yielding fruit. Citrus fruit is, of course, burgeoning with vitamin C - and pomelo is no exception. It's also a good source of dietary fiber, vitamin A, calcium, iron and potassium. Most notable, pomelos are loaded with antioxidants that are believed to help slow down the aging process and protect against some diseases - including heart disease and cancer - as they help rid the body of free radicals.

Here are three varieties of pomelo: white, pink and red. Not surprisingly, the pink and red varieties are sweeter than the white which has a slightly acidic taste.

It has a very thick peel and yellow, pink or red pulp. The pomelo, also known as the shaddock, is often confused with the grapefruit. It is sweeter and much less acidic than regular grapefruit.

The pomelo is a big, heavy citrus fruit that contains numerous seeds and is covered with a thick skin. Pomelos can vary from round to pear-shaped with rind texture from smooth to pebbly.

The active ingredient in most dishwashing liquids is surfactant (surface acting agent). When dissolved in water a surfactant gives the dishwashing liquid more ability to lift grease and dirt from the dishes, while at the same time keeping the grease suspended in the water and stopping it from re-attaching to the dishes.

Dishwashing liquid usually consists of 15-30% anionic surfactant, and 5-15% non-ionic surfactant. Anionic surfactants are negatively charged and help to keep the dirt and grease suspended in the water after. Non-ionic surfactants have no charge, making them efficient at lifting grease and dirt and also resistant to hard water deposits (calcium, magnesium). In order to survive in todays economic crisis you must find ways of cutting financial corners yet maintains the same level of satisfaction in what you do by making your own cleaning products. If you do your dishwashing liquid will be a reoccurring expense on your shopping list. The challenge isnt just that its a reoccurring expense; and much more when the price of that the same item goes up. The price increase is not the result of the manufacturer adding more dishwashing liquid in the packaging, but it is usually the result of the increase in gas prices, and fuel cost and higher price to ship the product.

Glycerol (or glycerine, glycerin) is a simple polyol compound. It is a colorless, odorless, viscous liquid that is widely used in pharmaceutical formulations. Glycerol has three hydroxyl groups that are responsible for its solubility in water and its hygroscopic nature. The glycerol backbone is central to all lipids known as triglycerides. Glycerol is sweet-tasting and of low toxicity. Glycerin is a natural byproduct of soap making, and comes from generally vegetable or animal sources. Glycerin, in its pure form, is called "glycerol," meaning it is a type of alcohol. It is a colorless thick liquid, which is hygroscopic, meaning it absorbs moisture from the air.

As a type of alcohol it is a very good solvent, because many things dissolve into it easier than they do into either water or even rubbing alcohol. Glycerin's quality as a solvent, along with it being hygroscopic, make it good for cleaning and stain removal. These qualities allow glycerin to soften hardened and set stains, so that even old stains can be more easily removed.

Our main ingredients are soap flakes, which make the suds of homemade dishwashing liquid stays longer. Another is Pomelo, we used its peelings and its juice to give fragrance and color to our dishwashing liquid. The researchers decided to gather data about homemade dishwashing liquid intended to clean kitchen wares and utensils and it will serve as a reference and a guide to the other researchers who have synonymous problems. This research study aims to create an effective homemade dishwashing liquid as a replacement to the expensive commercial dishwashing liquid.

Related Studies The research entitled Comparison of Dishwashing Detergents, by Williams, Felicia A. It takes a little bit of planning and research to find the right dishwashing detergent for your dishwasher. Choosing the right one takes time and research. According to Audet, Mayres research entitled, Creating your Own Eco-Friendly Diswasher detergent. The major benefit goes to your wallet. It cost less than a penny a load to make, or 50 loads of dishes for just 50 cents. A researcher named Rodriquez, Gene III conducted a study about, Homemade Dishwasher Detergent. Making homemade dishwasher detergent is a great way to save money and turn your life a darker shade of green. Homemade dishwasher detergent can be made from inexpensive ingredients that can be purchased in bulk-as an added benefit; the ingredients are safe for the environment! Based from a research, entitled Homemade Lemon Dishwashing Liquid, commercial dishwashing detergents are made with synthetic chemicals that can make their way into our food and waterways. This recipe instead uses completely biodegradable edible ingredients.

A research about Homemade Dishwashing Detergents said that making your own dishwasher detergent will not only save you money, but also satisfy your inner urge to go green in a more frugal and environment-friendly way. There are a number of recipes for homemade dishwasher detergent. You can just pick one that is easily available to you and follow certain, also very simple directions. As with many other do-it-yourself projects, making your own

cleaning detergent can be very convenient because you can just use items that are already in your laundry room, or easily bought at the nearest shopping center.

Theoretical/Conceptual Framework and Research Paradigm

INDEPENDENT VARIABLE: Dishwashing liquid using pomelo extract

DEPENDENT VARIABLE: Effectiveness of Pomelo

dishwashing liquid in terms of cleaning: Glasses Plastic utensils Stainless materials

The paradigm shows the relationship between two variables: independent, which is the dishwashing liquid out of pomelo extract and the dependent variable, which is the effectiveness of Pomelo Disheashing Liquid in terms of cleaning: glasses, plastic utensils,and stainless materials.

HYPOTHESIS There is no significant difference in the effectiveness of Pomelo extract as a dishwashing liquid to a commercial one in terms of cleaning power into cooking utensils.

Definition of terms Dishwashing liquid also known as dishwashing soap and dish soap, is a detergent used to assist in dishwashing. It is usually a highly-foaming mixture of surfactants with low skin irritation, and is primarily used for hand washing of glasses, plates, cutlery, and cooking utensils in a sink or bowl. Homemade Dishwashing Liquid is a kind of dishwashing liquid that is made at home using a formulated procedure. Stainless resisting rust or corrosion Stains any substances that will make utensils dirty and hard to remove. Suds a forth of bubbles on the surface of soapy water.

Chapter 3 METHODOLOGY Sources of Data

The data considered in this study were provided homemade dishwashing liquid using Pomelo extract and its effectiveness in terms of cleaning glasses, plastic utensils, and stainless material.

The observation is done by the checklist and the researchers. The checklist being answered by the respondents contains the effectiveness of the contained ingredients in removing dirt into the kitchen wares.

Procedures in formulating Homemade Dishwashing Liquid

Materials needed:

1 cup borax 1 cup Washing soda cup of Pomelo Extract cup of salt

Instructions:

1. Put all ingredients in an airtight container, and shake to mix. 2. Use 1 tbsp. per load 3. Use 2 tbsp. of white vinegar as a rinse aid.

Data Gathering Instruments Checklist was the main data gathering tool used in the study. It justifies the effectiveness of the formulated homemade dishwashing liquid. The materials used were stainless materials, glasses, topper wares, plates, aluminum servings spoons, water, and homemade dishwashing liquid.

Statistical Treatment of Data

The statistical technique that the research conducted was the analysis of variance. The research has three different set-ups with varying proportions of the ingredients. Analysis of variance, also known as ANOVA, is perhaps the most powerful statistical tool. ANOVA is a general method of analyzing data from designed experiments, whose objective is to compare two or more group means

SCORE CARD FOR THE HOMEMADE DISHWASHING LIQUID USING POMELO

Direction: Below are the samples of homemade dishwashing liquid. Please check the column representing the characteristics being observed using the scale below. Numerical Rating 3 2 1 Descriptive Rating Very Good Good Poor

3 Very good, if the texture, color, appearance, odor is excellent and if it is effective 2 Good, if the texture, color, appearance, odor is acceptable but needs improvement and if it is effective 1 Poor, if the texture, color, appearance, odor really needs improvement and if it is not effective SAMPLES EFFECTIVENESS 3 STAINLESS MATERIALS GLASS, PLATES, AND SILVER WARES SILVER PLATES SET UP 1 2 1 SET UP 2 3 2 1 3 SET UP 3 2 1

SUGGESTIONS: __________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________.

Catanduanes State University College of Education LABORATORY SCHOOLS Virac, Catanduanes

January 24, 2013

Dear Maam/Sir;

We, the undersigned fourth year students of the CSU Laboratory Schools is conducting a study entitled, EFFECTIVENESS OF POMELO EXTRACT AS A HOMEMADE DISHWASHING LIQUID in partial fulfillment of the Requirements in Research II. In this regard, may we request your cooperation in answering the score sheet related to the effectiveness of Pomelo extract as a homemade dishwashing liquid? Any suggestions given will be highly appreciated. Thank you and have a good day.

Very truly yours,

REA MAE THERESE Q. DELA ROSA

CLAUDETTE E. BARCELON Researchers NOTED BY:

PROF. SOCORRO D. MASAGCA Research teacher

Table no. 1 Effectiveness of Pomelo Extract as a Homemade Dishwashing Liquid

Effectiveness

Set-up 1

Set-up 2

Set-up 3

1. Stainless Materials 2. Glasses, Plates, Silver wares 0

11

13

11

15

3. Plastic wares

13

10

14

Table no. 1 shows the results of determining the effectiveness of the homemade dishwashing liquid using Pomelo extract in terms of washing stainless materials, glasses, plates, silverwares, and plastic wares. In Set-up 1, whereas, the given proportion is 1 tablespoon of the ingredients per load, most of the respondents answered 1 which means that there are still stains and soap left from the dishes washed. In set-up 2, whereas the given proportion is 2 tablespoon of the ingredients per load, most of the respondents answered 2 which mean that the dishes washed are clean. In set-up 3, whereas the given proportion is 3 tablespoon of the ingredients per load, most of the respondents answered 3 which mean that all the dishes washed are very clean, no stains and soap left.

Tables No. 2 Determining the best quality among the given proportions of the dishwashing liquid using Pomelo extract Set-up 1 Number of dishes washed f % f Set-up 2 % Set up 3 f %

1-5 pieces

15

100 %

0%

0%

6-10 pieces

0%

0%

0%

11-15 pieces

0%

15

100%

0%

16-20 pieces

0%

0%

15

100%

Table no. 2 shows the comparative results observed by the respondents with regards to determining which proportion of dishwashing liquid using Pomelo extract yield the best quality characteristics. In set-up 1, all the respondents agreed that the numbers of dishes washed are only 1-5 pieces only. In set-up 2, the respondents agreed that the numbers of dishes washed are only 11-15 pieces. While in set-up 3, all of the respondents agreed that the homemade dishwashing liquid were 16-20 pieces. Based on the foregoing statements, the most preferable proportion of dishwashing liquid which yield the best quality characteristics were set-up no. 3, which has 3 tablespoon per load. As said by the respondents, there is no significant difference between the dishwashing liquid using the set-up no.3 and the commercial dishwashing liquid.

Bibliography http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dishwashing_liquid Compare Dishwashing Detergents | Suite101 http://suite101.com/article/dishwashing-detergentsa47022#ixzz2GHm6AHN8 http://www.life123.com/home-garden/home-appliances/dishwashers/homemade-dishwasherdetergent.shtml http://lifestyle.iloveindia.com/lounge/how-to-make-dish-soap-4932.html