ELECTRICAL MACHINES II IMPORTANT QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS UNIT III : INDUCTION MOTORS TWO MARKS QUESTIONS 1.

. What is meant by R.M.F? Ans. R.M.F. stands for Rotating Magnetic Field. Whenever the 3-phase stator winding of a 3-phase induction motor is connected to a 3-phase supply, a rotating magnetic field is produced in the air gap between the stator and the rotor. This rotating flux is sinusoidally distributed in the air gap and it is rotating with a constant speed Ns which is the synchronous speed. The magnitude of the rotating flux is 1.5 times the peak value of the sinusoidal flux of each phase. 2. Define slip. Ans. Slip is defined as the ratio of the difference in speed between the synchronous speed (Ns) of the rotating stator field and the actual running speed (N) of the rotor to the synchronous speed. Mathematically, slip s = Ns N Ns This is the fractional slip. It can also be expressed as a percentage. 3. State the advantages of squirrel cage induction motor. Ans. It has a remarkably simple and robust construction enabling it to operate in the most adverse circumstances. Hence it is used widely in industrial and domestic electrical appliances. 4. What is meant by cogging in induction motor? Ans. A special behaviour is shown by squirrel cage induction motor during starting for certain combinations of number of stator and rotor slots. If the number of stator slots S1 is equal to the number of rotor slots S2 or integral multiple of rotor slots S2 then the variation of reluctance as a function of space will have pronounced effect producing stronger forces than the accelerating torque and hence the motor fails to start. This phenomenon is called cogging. Such combination of stator and rotor slots should be avoided while designing the motor. 5. Compare squirrel cage and slip ring induction motor on the basis of construction. Ans. A squirrel cage induction motor has a rotor which consists of thick copper bars or rods placed in the rotor slots. These bars are short circuited at both the ends by means of end rings. Hence the rotor of a squirrel cage induction motor is fully closed and it is not possible to modify the rotor circuit by inserting resistances. A slip ring induction motor, on the other hand, has a rotor which consists of three phase windings which are usually connected in star connection and their end terminals are brought out on slip rings mounted on the rotor shaft with one brush resting on each slip ring. External resistances can be added in the rotor circuit for starting or improving the starting torque. The rotor windings are short circuited by external connections.

6. What is meant by crawling of an induction motor? Ans. Crawling is a peculiar behaviour of an induction motor caused by the effect of the fifth and seventh harmonic fields which produce torques of unequal magnitude. The fifth harmonic torque opposes the fundamental torque, while the seventh harmonic torque acts in the same direction as that of the fundamental torque. The resultant torque will cause stable operation of the motor near sub-synchronous speed (ns/7). This phenomenon is called crawling or asynchronous crawling. Due to crawling there is much higher stator current accompanied by noise and vibration. This can be minimized by skewing of rotor bars, as this effect is predominant only in squirrel cage induction motors. 7. What is synchronous induction motor? Ans. A synchronous induction motor is a special type of induction motor which has the advantages of high starting torque and constant speed operation. It is essentially a slip ring induction motor which is started as a slip ring induction motor using starting resistances in its rotor circuit and then it is switched over to the operation of a synchronous motor by changing over to dc field excitation while running. The dc field excitation is provided by a separate dc field exciter. 8. What would happen if a 3 phase induction motor is switched on with one phase disconnected? Ans. If one of the phases is disconnected while a 3 phase induction motor is running, it will continue to run at a much lower speed and this will cause overheating of the stator windings as there is no current flow in one phase while this current is being shared by the other two healthy phases. This causes an unbalanced fault condition. However, a single phasing preventer circuit is provided to ensure that supply is cut off as soon as single phasing occurs. If a 3 phase induction motor is switched on with one phase disconnected the motor starts moving slowly with a humming noise drawing heavy current from the supply. 12-MARKS QUESTIONS
1. Explain with neat sketch the principle of operation of a 3 phase induction motor.

2. Develop the equivalent circuit for a 3-phase induction motor and explain how the mechanical power is taken in the equivalent circuit. 3. Derive an expression for the torque produced by a 3- phase induction motor and also drive the condition for maximum torque. 4. Explain the power flow diagram and torque slip characteristics of induction motor. Mark the starting and maximum torque on the curve. 5. A 3-phase induction motor having a 6-pole, star connected stator winding runs on 415 V, 50 Hz supply. The rotor resistance and standstill reactance are 0.12 ohm and 0.85 ohm per phase respectively. The ratio of stator to rotor turns is 1.8. Full load slip is 4%. Calculate the torque developed at full load, maximum torque and speed at maximum torque. 6. Explain the no load and blocked rotor tests to determine the losses in a 3-phase induction motor and write the sequence of steps for drawing the circle diagram.

ELECTRICAL MACHINES II IMPORTANT QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS UNIT IV : STARTING AND SPEED CONTROL OF INDUCTION MOTORS TWO MARKS QUESTIONS 1. List the types of starters used in three phase induction motor. Ans. The following types are starters are used for starting three phase induction motor: 1. Stator resistance starter 2. Star Delta Starter 3. Autotransformer Starter 4. Rotor resistance starter 5. Direct On Line (D.O.L.) Starter 2. Write the expression for relation between starting torque and full load torque? Ans. Tst = x2 IS C 2 TF.L. IF.L. x sf Where Tst = Starting Torque TF.L = Full load Torque ISC = Starting current of motor with starter IF.L. = Full load current. 3. What is cascade operation? Mention the types of cascading. Ans. Cascade operation of induction motors is also known as concatenation or tandem operation. In this method, two induction motors are mounted on the same shaft. One of the motors must be of slip ring type which is called main motor. The second motor is called auxiliary motor which can be slip ring type or squirrel cage type. The two types of cascading are : (i) cumulative cascading and (ii) differential cascading. 4. How can the starting torque of a slip ring induction motor being increased? Ans. The starting torque of an induction motor is directly proportional to the rotor resistance. In the slip ring induction motor, it is possible to insert resistances in the rotor circuit, since the rotor has windings. This type of motor is also called wound rotor induction motor. Hence the starting torque of a slip ring induction motor can be increased by adding external resistances to the rotor circuit of a slip ring induction motor. 5. List the types of speed control schemes used in three phase induction motor. Ans. Speed of the induction motor can be controlled by basically two methods: (i) From stator side and (ii) From rotor side

The following methods are used for speed control from stator side and these are applicable to both squirrel cage and slip ring induction motors:

a. Supply frequency control to control Ns , called V / f control b. Supply voltage control c. Controlling number of stator poles to control Ns d. Adding rheostats in stator circuit The following methods are used for speed control from rotor side and these are applicable only to slip ring induction motors: a. Adding external resistance in the rotor circuit b. Cascade control c. Injecting slip frequency voltage into the rotor circuit. 7. What is slip power recovery scheme? Ans. In a wound rotor induction motor the slip rings allow easy recovery of the slip power which can be electronically controlled to control the speed of the motor. The oldest and simplest technique to invoke this slip-power recovery induction motor speed control is to mechanically vary the rotor resistance. Instead of wasting the slip power in the rotor circuit resistance, a better approach is to convert it to ac line power and return it back to the line. The SPR provides speed and torque control like the resistors but can also recover the power taken off the rotor and feed it back into the power system to avoid energy waste. In usual practice, an SPR drive consists of two interconnected power converters. 12-MARKS QUESTIONS 1. Explain the working of following starters with the help of neat circuit diagram. (i) Rotor resistance starter (ii) Direct- on- line starter 2. Explain the working of following with neat circuit diagrams. (i) Kramer system (ii) Scherbius system 3. Explain the working of following starters with the help of neat circuit diagrams. (i) Auto transformer starter (ii) Star-delta starter. 4. Explain in detail the cascade operation of induction motors to obtain variable speed.