Kanul nasal* Aliran Konsentrasi 1 L / menit 24 % 2 L / menit 28 % 3 L / menit 32 % 4 L / menit 36 % 5 L menit 40 % 6 L / menit 44 % * dewasa

23. D C B 24. Sungkup oksigen biasa Memberikan konsentrasi 40 -60 % 5 - 6 L / menit 40 % 6 - 7 L / menit 50 % 7 - 8 L/ menit 60 %

25. Sungkup dengan reservoir Memberikan konsentrasi 60 - 99 % Aliran Konsentrasi 6 L / menit 60 % 7 L / menit 70 % 8 L / menit 80 % 9 L/ menit 90 % 10 L / menit 99 %

26. Reservoir anatomik Kantong Reservoir 29. Kotak oksigen ( oxyhood ) Aliran 10 - 15 L/ menit Konsentrasi oksigen 80- 90 %

32. Sungkup terbuka / face tent Lebih nyaman untuk anak Konsentrasi 40 % dengan aliran 10 - 15 L / menit

Persentase oksigen yang diinspirasi meningkat sekitar1-2% (>21%) per liter aliran oksigen FIO2 30-35% 3-4 L/menit. FIO2 40-50% >10 L/menit O2 > 5 L/menit mukosa nasal kering

FIO2 0,3-0,6 5-10 L/menit

Level oksigen dapat lebih tinggi dengan tidal volume yangkecil atau frekuensi napas yang lebih lambat. Dengantingkat aliran yang lebih tinggi serta kondisi yang ideal,FIO2 dapat mendekati 0,7-0,8

Partial rebreathing mask : FIO2 0,35-0,6 O2 10 L/menit O2 15 L/menit FIO2 dapat mendekati 1

Formula Details
This information below applies to ADULTS ONLY Oxygen supplementation by nasal canula (NC) is common; and estimation of the inspired fraction of oxygen various flow rates generate can be useful when interpreting ABG data or response to oxygen. Room air is 21% oxygen and the addition of each 1 liter/minute (L/min) flow rate by nasal canula typically raises the FIO2 by 3%. Est. FiO2 = 21% + L/min x 3% Flow rates at maximum 6 L/min are recommended by NC. However, in recent times; High Flow Nasal Canulas (HFNC) have become available that allow much higher flow rates, including up to 15 lpm to be used. It is notable, that although the same FiO2 can be achieved with HFNC as simple masks (SM) or non-rebreather masks (NRM); the variability in actual FiO2 is much greater with these devices (as it likely is with a standard NC). O2 Flow in liters/min-->FiO2% mean-->Range FiO2%

6-->54%-->35-89% 8-->58%-->33-87% 10-->66%-->40-88% 12-->69%-->37-93% 15-->75%-->39-98%

Garcia JA, et al. The Oxygen Concentrations Delivered by Different Oxygen Therapy Systems. Chest. 2005;128(4):389S.

http://www.skyscape.com/archimedesonline/Archimedes.aspx?topicurl=h/tl2.htm&idx=_i1 &alpha=N

http://www.unc.edu/~rvp/old/RP_Anesthesia/Basics/OxygenTherapy.html