A

PROJECT REPORT
ON

Hotel Management System

SUBMITTED To APEX INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY JAIPUR (RAJASTHAN TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY KOTA) In partial fulfillment for the Award of the Degree of BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY IN COMPUTER SCIENCE ENGINEERING

ACADEMIC SESSION 2012 2013

Submitted To: (Prof.) CS DEPT. AIET-Jaipur

Submitted By: B.Tech 7th Sem.(CS-A)

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE ENGINEERING APEX INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY (Approved by AICTE & Affiliated To RTU) ISI-6, RIICO INSTITUTIONAL AREA SITAPURA,JAIPUR-302022 (RAJASTHAN)

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We take this opportunity to express our gratitude to all those people who have been directly and indirectly with us during the completion of this Project in PHP Technology. We pay a special thanks to our guide and mentor, Mr. Shushil Bhuria who has given knowledge and guidance during this project completion time. Project development is not an easy task. It requires corporationand help of various people. It always happens that word run out whenwe are really thankful and sincerely want to inspire my feeling of gratitude towards the one when helped in the completion of the project.

His versatile knowledge has eased us in the critical times during the span of this Project completion. We acknowledge here our debt to those who contributed significantly to one or more steps. We take full responsibility for any remaining sins of omission and commission. We are grateful to our respected Principal Mr. (Dr.) Ashish Dutta Sharma. Our respected H.O.D. Mr. Yogesh Sharma and all the staff members of Department of Computer Science Engineering for their constant encouragement and all those who helped us directly or indirectly in our endeavor.

(.) B.Tech 4th year(CS-A) .

PREFACE
Project is important part of our engineering curriculum. The B. Tech. Course Project helps a student in getting acquainted with the manner in which his/her knowledge is being practically used outside his/her institute and this is normally different from what he/she learnt from books. Hence, when the student switches from the process of learn to what of implementing his/her knowledge, he/she finds an abrupt change. This is exactly why Project during the B. Tech curriculum becomes all the more important. Project is prescribed for the student of Technical College as a part of Four-year degree course of engineering by the AICET. The project contains a detailed study about how is the inventorymanaged, how is billing done and what all a business activities aredone to manage the business and making it more fruitful. In this project some screens and reports are also included. It also tells the files used by the company to do their work and given the whole knowledge and information about the Hotel management.

The fundamental step used in SDLC process is based on the ISO 9001 guidelines. My aim was to follow the ISO guidelines and develop a perfect system. The system development was organized into five major parts: Requirement Gathering Documentation/Design Development Coding Testing

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Introduction Of Project..........................................7
The Motive Introdution to Hotel

Scope...8 Project Abstract..........................................9 Existing System.............................................10 Propesed System............11 System Study..........................................12 Requirement Study......13 Intro to PHP.................................................16 Introduction To Xampp Server 20 Feasibility Study...21 System Analysis................22 Entity Relationship Diagram................................23 Data Flow Diagram..........24
Objectives Hints Level-0 DFD Level-1 DFD

Project Analysis & Estimation25 LOC Techniques.............................................27 Cost Benefits Analysis.........................................28 ScreenShot...............................................29 Conclusion.49 Bibiliography & References...........50

INTRODUCTION OF PROJECT
Project title Hotel Management System (a project for keeping customers record and also calculate customer bill slip and managers salary)The name of project is Hotel Management System. The objective of the project is to computerize the system of the hotel. Hotel Management System is the project not only keeps the record of various people like customers, manager etc. But as well as it reduce the extensive paper work in the present system. It wills maker the system more versatile and user friendly. It also calculates the proper billing slip of high level and middle level customers. This project is based on description about the structure of HOTEL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM.The project contains:

Keeping the record of all persons like customers, managers etc. Maintains proper list of all persons. Generating proper bill slip and calculate managers salary.

The Motive:-

The motive of our project is to control various activities performed. In the Hotel using the computer with the work of HOTEL MANGEMENT SYSTEM. From the beginning, the important thing in our mind is that we should concentrate our project work on a subject that is easy to understand and I s according to our daily requirement. By keeping this in mind, the subject chosen by us is hotel management. In the present time there is a great rush in hotels, as these have become necessity for middle and upper class of the society. People travel a lot, stay in hotels, goes to the hotels for functions, meeting and refreshment. Our project is developed keeping in mind the general needs of the customers when he goes to the hospital. An important uniqueness about the described Hotels and restaurants are available to only those customers who have already booked room or hall in hospital.

Introdution to Hotel:The Hotel proprietors Act, 1956, a hotel is an Establishment held out by the proprietor as offering food, drink and if so required, sleeping accommodation, without special contract to any traveller presenting himself who appears able and willing to pay a reasonablesum for the services and facilities provided and who is in a fit state tobe received. Hotel is a place where all who conduct themselves properly, and who being able to pay and ready to pay for there entertainment, are received, if there be accommodation for them, who without any stipulated engagement as to the duration of their stay or as to the compensation, are while there, supplied at reasonable cause with there meals, lodging and other services and attention as are necessarily incident to the use As a temporary home. The term Hotel was used in England in about 1760. Hotel or inn is defined by British law as a place where a bonafide travelers can receive food and shelter, provided he is in a position to pay for and is in a fit condition to be received. A Hotel or inn may also be defined as an establishment whose primary business is providing lodging facilities for the general public and which furnishes one or more of the following services(a)Food and Beverage service(b)Room service(c) Uniformed service(d)Laundry service and(e) Use of furniture etc

SCOPE
Scope of this project is very broad in term of maintaining terms with Peoples & other Management Technologies. Few of them are :1.This is a commercial package which provides the Hotel management solution as the front Office process and Open bravo ERP as back office process. 2.The daily operative workflows are just as diverse as the many different forms of accommodation. 3.Hotel management systems rationalize all internal processes in the front and back office and make all relevant information about guests, rooms and reservations accessible and readily available. 4.This is beneficial to both staff and guests. This way reservation processes are accelerated, waiting times when checking in or out decrease, reservations can easily be changed or moved and fully compliant invoices for business customers can be created. 5.Less obvious functionalities such as interfaces to POS, telephone and lock systems also add to smooth workflows. 6.In the hospitality industry a hotel management system also known as a HMS is a comprehensive software application used to automate hotel functions like guest bookings, online reservations, point of sale, telephone, accounts receivable, sales and marketing, banquets, food and beverage costing, materials management, HR and payroll, maintenance management, quality management and other amenities. 7.Hotel property management systems may interface with central reservation systems and revenue or yield management systems, front office, back office and point of sale systems. 8.Professional hotel management systems do not only administrate an abundance of information but also serve as a sales tool. 9.Options to profitably use this tool range from benefiting from analytical functions such as the reporting, which provides key figures on reservations, turnover, occupancy and average rates, to marketing campaigns driven by the gathered guest data. 10.An increase in yields can also be accomplished by the dynamic rate and occupancy administration, the so-called rate management. This dynamic management of rates enables an automatic optimization of the average room rates. 11.Moreover, rate management is indispensable when using online reservation systems such as the protel WBE, which runs in real time. Rate management adjusts all rates for online booking automatically in regard to current occupancy levels. The guest can then immediately book the current room rates online.

PROJECT ABSTRACT

Hotel Management System Solution is the modern solution which has whole range of

Reliable Faster usability Flexibility on Hotel administration process

It constitutes of Easy Check-in & Check-out, Guest reservation, House Keeping, Alerts, Guest Flight information, Travel Agent information, Guest History, Folio notice ,lost and found management, Restaurant Management and lot other. The Hotel Management System that can be used in the hospitality industry. Through this software the Hotel administration can manage their loyalty programs in an effective way. The Hotel Loyalty Programs can be used to entice guests into becoming a regular guest at the hotel. These programs are especially beneficial to hotel chains, where the benefits of the program can span over their entire hotel chain. Personalized service and rewards deliver exceptional experiences to guests, and make them come back for more. The scope of the project defines only those functionalities.

On the other hand the scope of the users involved in the program is defined as the roles of each user in the system and their accessibilities to the different elements and prospects within the system. The Hotel Management System will include three main users who take part in the working of the system as a complete functionality.

Considering the complete functionality and interactions with in the Hotel Management System we will define the roles of eachuser along with their access permissions towards the various elements of the system. The various users participating in the system are as follows: (i) The Hotel Administrator (ii) The Hotel Front Desk Office (iii) The Member ( The customer of the hotel who subscribed for the Hotels Rewards andLoyalty Program ).

EXISTING SYSTEM
The existed system is in that hotel is manual working. Using this many problems can occur, for this system they used some bill books. That time any customer came for enquiry or reservation they need to check every reservation in the book , that is surly time wasting process. Also the man who is searching also important, sometimes he may do some problems in the process. The same problems in restaurant also possible, in the billing time wasting are possible to occur. Some drawbacks of this existed system are Time required to do manual work Calculation is difficult Security is low Searching is difficult Data entry is difficult

PROPOSED SYSTEM
The Hotel Management System that can be used in the hospitality industry. Through this software the Hotel administration can manage their loyalty programs in an effective way. The Hotel Loyalty Programs can be used to entice guests into becoming a regular guest at the hotel. These programs are especially beneficial to hotel chains, where the benefits of the program can span over their entire hotel chain. Personalized service and rewards deliver exceptional experiences to guests, and make them come back for more. The system will be divided into the following subsystems. User Get Information In this system administrator collects the information from different hotels. The Hotel Management system administrator contacts the specified rooms and collects the information and update the information time to time and store in database in a flexible manner.

SYSTEM STUDY

SYSTEM STUDY is the first stage of system development life cycle.This given a clear picture of what actually the physical system is? In practicethe system study is done in two phases; the preliminary survey study of the system is done which helps in identifying the scope of the system. The second phase of the system study is more detailed and in-depth study in which the identification of users requirement and the limitation and problems of the present system are studied. After completing the system study , a system proposal is prepared by the system. Analyst (who studies the system) and placed before the user. The proposed system contains the finding of the present system and recommendation to overcome the limitations and problems of the present system in the light of the users requirements. To describe the system study phase more analytically, we would say that system phase passes through the following steps:1.Problem identification and project initiation 2.inference or finding 3.Background analysis

(SOFTWARE & HARDWARE) REQUIREMENT STUDY

Before starting with the project, it is mandatory to recognize the problem domain related to the project which basically defines all the problems and constraints the solution (the constraints being part of the problem). It includes the goals that the problem owner wishes to achieve, the context within which the problem exists, and all rules that define essential functions or other aspects of any product. For an Engineer, a problem domain is a circum stance for which he/she has to provide a solution. Client Server:Over view:With the varied topic in existence in the fields of computers, Client Server is one, which has generated more heat than light, and also more hype than reality. This technology has acquired a certain critical mass attention with its dedication conferences and magazines. Major computer vendors such as IBM and DEC; have declared that Client Servers is their main future market. A survey of DBMS magazine reveled that 76% of its readers were actively looking at the client server solution. The growth in the client server development tools from $200 million in1992 to more than $1.2 billion in 1996. Client server implementations are complex but the underlying concept is simple and powerful. A client is an application running with local resources but able to request the database and relate the services from separate remote server. The software mediating this client server interaction is often referred to as MIDDLEWARE. The typical client either a PC or a Work Station connected through a network to amore powerful PC, Workstation, Midrange or Main Frames server usually capable of handling request from more than one client. However, with some configuration server may also act as client. A server may need to access other server in order to process the original client request. The key client server idea is that client as user is essentially insulated from the physical location and formats of the data needs for their application. With the proper middleware, a client input from or report can transparently access and manipulate both local database on the client machine and remote databases on one or more servers. An added bonus is the client server opens the door to multi-vendor database access indulging heterogeneous table joins. What is a Client Server:Two prominent systems in existence are client server and file server systems. It is essential to distinguish between client servers and file server systems. Both provide shared network access to data but the comparison dens there! The file server simply provides a remote disk drive that can be accessed by LAN applications on a file-by-file basis.

The client server offers full relational database services such as SQL-Access, Record modifying, Insert, Delete with full relational integrity backup/ restore performance for high volume of transactions, etc. the client server middleware provides a flexible interface between client and server, who does what, when and to whom. Why Client Server Client server has evolved to solve a problem that has been around since the earliest days of computing: how best to distribute your computing, data generation and data storage resources in order to obtain efficient, cost effective departmental an enterprise wide data processing. During mainframe era choices were quite limited. A central machine housed both the CPU and DATA (cards, tapes, drums and later disks). Access to these resources was initially confined to batched runs that produced departmental reports at the appropriate intervals. A strong central information service department ruled the corporation. The role of the rest of the corporation limited to requesting new or more frequent reports and to provide hand written forms from which the central data banks were created and updated. The earliest client server solutions therefore could best be characterized as SLAVE-MASTER. Time-sharing changed the picture. Remote terminal could view and even change the central data, subject to access permissions. And, as the central data banks evolved in to sophisticated relational database with non-programmer query languages, online users could formulate ad hoc queries and produce local reports with out adding to the MIS applications software backlog. However remote access was through dumb terminals, and the client server remained subordinate to the Slave\Master. Front end or User Interface Design:The entire user interface is planned to be developed in browser specific environment with a touch of Intranet-Based Architecture for achieving the Distributed Concept. The browser specific components are designed by using the HTML standards, and the dynamism of the designed by concentrating on the constructs of the Java Server Pages. Communication or Database Connectivity Tier The Communication architecture is designed by concentrating on the Standards of MYSQL Server. The database connectivity is established by using the PhpMyAdmin Data Base Connectivity. The standards of three-tire architecture are given major concentration to keep the standards of higher cohesion and limited coupling for effectiveness of the operations. Features of The Language Used:In my project, I have chosen PHP for developing the code.

An introduction to PHP programming

How PHP came into being
PHP started as a quick Perl hack written by Rasmus Lerdorf in late 1994. Over the next two to three years, it evolved into what we today know as PHP/FI 2.0. PHP/FI started to get a lot of users, but things didn't start flying until Zeev Suraski and Andi Gutmans suddenly came along with a new parser in the summer of 1997, leading to PHP 3.0. PHP 3.0 defined the syntax and semantics used in both versions 3 and 4.

Why yet another language?

People often ask " why invent yet another language; don't we have enough of them out there"? It is simply a matter of "the right tool for the right job".

Many Web developers found that existing tools and languages were not ideal for the specific task of embedding code in markup. Those developers first collaborated with Rasmus and then later with Zeev and Andi, to develop a server-side scripting language which they felt would be ideal for developing dynamic Web-based sites and applications. PHP was created with these particular needs in mind. Moreover, PHP code was developed for embedment within HTML. In doing so, it was hoped that benefits such as quicker response time, improved security, and transparency to the end user would be achieved. Considering that almost a million and a half sites are currently running PHP (at the time of this article's publication), it would appear that these developers were right. PHP has evolved into a language, or maybe even an environment, that has a very specific range of tasks in mind. PHP is a tool that lets you create dynamic web pages. PHP-enabled web pages are treated just like regular HTML pages and you can create and edit them the same way you normally create regular HTML pages.

What do you need?

Firstly you need a server that has support for PHP activated and that all files ending in .php are handled by PHP. On most servers this is the default extension for PHP files, but ask your server administrator to be sure. If your server supports PHP then you don't need to do anything. Just create your .php files and put them in your web directory and the server will magically parse them for you. There is no need to compile anything nor do you need to install any extra tools.

Language Syntax
Most of PHP's syntax is borrowed from C, although there are elements borrowed from Perl, C++ and Java as well. This article assumes that you are familiar with C's syntax. However, don't panic if you're not.

Your first PHP-enabled page

Create a file named hello.php and in it put the following lines:
<html><head><title>PHP Test</title></head> <body> <?php echo "Hello World<p>"; ?> </body></html>

The colours you see are just a visual aid to make it easier to see the PHP tags and the different parts of a PHP expression. Note also that this is not like a CGI script. The file does not need to be executable or special in any way. Think of it as a normal HTML file which happens to have a set of special tags available to you that do a lot of interesting things. This program is extremely simple and you really didn't need to use PHP to create a page like this. All it does is display: Hello World The point of the example is to show the special PHP tag format. In this example we used <?php to indicate the start of a PHP tag. Then we put the PHP statement and left PHP mode by adding the closing tag, ?>. You may jump in and out of PHP mode in an HTML file like this all you want.

Something Useful
Let's do something a bit more useful now. We are going to check what sort of browser the person viewing the page is using. In order to do that we check the user agent string that the browser sends as part of its request. This information is stored in a variable. Variables always start with a dollar-sign in PHP. The variable we are interested in is $HTTP_USER_AGENT. To display this variable we can simply do:
<?php echo $HTTP_USER_AGENT; ?>

The result should be something like:

Mozilla/4.0(compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.0) There are many other variables that are automatically set by your web server. You can get a complete list of them by creating a file that looks like this:
<?php phpinfo(); ?>

Then load up this file in your browser and you will see a page full of information about PHP along with a list of all the variables available to you. You can put multiple PHP statements inside a PHP tag and create little blocks of code that do more than just a single echo. For example, if we wanted to check for Internet Explorer we could do something like this:
<?php if(strstr($HTTP_USER_AGENT,"MSIE")) { echo "You are using Internet Explorer<br>"; } ?>

Here we introduce a couple of new concepts. We have an "if" statement. If you are familiar with the basic syntax used by the C language this should look logical to you. All the tricky string and memory manipulation issues you have to deal with in C have been eliminated in PHP, but the basic syntax remains. The second concept we introduce here is the strstr() function call. strstr() is a function built into PHP which searches a string for another string. In this case we are looking for "MSIE" inside $HTTP_USER_AGENT. If the string is found the function returns true and if it isn't, it returns false. If it returns true the following statement is executed. We can take this a step further and show how you can jump in and out of PHP mode even in the middle of a PHP block:
<?php if(strstr($HTTP_USER_AGENT,"MSIE")) { ?> <center><b>You are using Internet Explorer</b></center> <? } else { ?> <center><b>You are not using Internet Explorer</b></center> <? } ?>

Instead of using a PHP echo statement to output something, we jumped out of PHP mode and just sent straight HTML. The important and powerful point to note here is that the logical flow of the script remain intact. Only one of the HTML blocks will end up getting sent to the viewer. Visibility of properties and methods: The visibility of PHP properties and methods refers to visibility in PHP. It is defined using the keywords public, private, and protected. The default is public, if only var is used; var is a synonym for public. Items declared public can be accessed everywhere. protected limits access to inherited classes (and to the class that defines the item). private limits visibility only to the class that defines the item. Objects of the same type have access to each other's private and protected members even though they are not the same instance. PHP's member visibility features have sometimes been described as "highly useful. However, they have also sometimes been described as "at best irrelevant and at worst positively harmful.

An introduction to XAMPP SERVER

XAMPP is a free and open source cross-platform web server solution stack package, consisting mainly of the Apache HTTP Server, MySQL database, and interpreters for scripts written in the PHP and Perl programming languages. XAMPP's name is an acronym for:

X (to be read as "cross", meaning cross-platform) Apache HTTP Server MySQL PHP Perl

The program is released under the terms of the GNU General Public License and acts as a free web server capable of serving dynamic pages. XAMPP is available for Microsoft Windows,Linux, Solaris, and Mac OS X, and is mainly used for web development projects. This software is useful while you are creating dynamic webpages using programming languages like PHP, JSP, Servlets. Requirements and features: XAMPP requires only one zip, tar or exe file to be downloaded and run, and little or no configuration of the various components that make up the web server is required. XAMPP is regularly updated to incorporate the latest releases of Apache/MySQL/PHP and Perl. It also comes with a number of other modules including OpenSSL and phpMyAdmin. Installing XAMPP takes less time than installing each of its components separately. Selfcontained, multiple instances of XAMPP can exist on a single computer, and any given instance can be copied from one computer to another. It is offered in both a full, standard version and a smaller version. Use: Officially, XAMPP's designers intended it for use only as a development tool, to allow website designers and programmers to test their work on their own computers without any access to the Internet. To make this as easy as possible, many important security features are disabled by default.[2] In practice, however, XAMPP is sometimes used to actually serve web pages on the World Wide Web. A special tool is provided to password-protect the most important parts of the package. XAMPP also provides support for creating and manipulating databases in MySQL and SQLite among others.

Once XAMPP is installed you can treat your localhost like a remote host by connecting using an FTP client. Using a program like FileZilla has many advantages when installing acontent management system (CMS) like Joomla. You can also connect to localhost via FTP with your HTML editor. The default FTP user "newuser", the default FTP password is "wampp". The default MySQL user is "root" while there is no default MySQL password.

FEASIBILITY STUDY
On the basis of result of the initial study, feasibility study takes place.The feasibility study is basically the test of the proposed system in the light of its workability, meeting user's requirements, effective use of resources and of course, the cost effectiveness. The main goal of feasibility study is not to solve the problem but to achieve the scope. In the process of feasibility study, the cost and benefits are estimated with greater accuracy. A project feasibility study is an exercise that involves documenting each of the potential solutions to a particular problem or opportunity. To be precise, the two criteria to judge feasibility are cost required and value to be attained. Generally, feasibilities studies precede technical development and project implementation. The purpose of a feasibility study is identifying the likelihood of one or more solutions meeting the stated requirements or problem domain. During the feasibility study, a variety, a variety of 'assessment' methods are followed. The feasibility studies include:-

Technology and system feasibility:The assessment is based on an outline design of system requirements in terms of Input, Processes, Output, Fields, Programs, and Procedures. This can be quantified in terms of volumes of data, trends, frequency of updating, etc. in order to estimate whether the new system will perform adequately or not. Technological feasibility is carried out to determine whether the company has the capability, in terms of software, hardware, personnel and expertise, to handle the completion of the project. When writing a feasibility report the following should be taken to consideration: A brief description of the business to assess more possible factor/s which could affect the studyThe part of the business being examined The human and economic factor The possible solutions to the problems

Economic feasibility:Economic analysis is the most frequently used method for evaluating the effectiveness of a new system. More commonly known as cost/benefit analysis, the procedure is to determine the benefits and savings that are expected from a candidate system and compare them with costs. If benefits outweigh costs, then the decision is made to design and implement the system. An entrepreneur must accurately weigh the cost versus benefits before taking an action. Cost-based study: It is important to identify cost and benefit factors, which can be categorized as follows: 1. Development costs; and

2. Operating costs. This is an analysis of the costs to be incurred in the system and the benefits derivable out of the system. Time-based study: This is an analysis of the time required to achieve a return on investments. The future value of a project is also a factor.

Legal feasibility:Determines whether the proposed system conflicts with legal requirements, e.g. a data processing system must comply with the local Data Protection Acts.

Operational feasibility:Operational feasibility is a measure of how well a proposed system solves the problems, and takes advantage of the opportunities identified during scope definition and how it satisfies the requirements identified in the requirements analysis phase of system development.

Schedule feasibility:A project will fail if it takes too long to be completed before it is useful. Typically this means estimating how long the system will take to develop, and if it can be completed in a given time period using some methods like payback period. Schedule feasibility is a measure of how reasonable the project timetable is. Given our technical expertise, are the project deadlines reasonable? Some projects are initiated with specific deadlines. You need to determine whether the deadlines are mandatory or desirable.

SYSTEM ANALYSIS

Assuming that a new system is to be developed, the next phase is system analysis. Analysis involved a detailed study of the current system, leading to specification of a new system. Analysis is a detailed study of various operations performed by a system and their relationships within and outside the system. During analysis, data are collected on the available files, decision points and transactions handled by the present system. Interviews, on-site observation questionnaire are the tools used for system analysis. Using the following steps it becomes easy to grow the exact boundary of the new system under consideration. Keeping in view the problems and new requirements. Workout the pros and cons including new areas of the system.

All procedures, requirementsmust be analyzed and documented in the form of detailed data flow diagram (DFDs), data dictionary, logical data structured and miniature specification. System Analysis also includes sub dividing of complex process involving the entire system, identification of data store and manual processes. The main point to be discussed in system analysis is: Specification of what the new system is to accomplish based on the user requirements. Functional hierarchy showing the functions to be performed by the new system and their relationships with each other. Function network which are similar to function hierarchy but they highlight those functions which are common to more than one procedure. List of attributes of the entities these are the data items which need to be held about each entity (record)

Common Code [Low Cost] Physical efforts:50%55%

Logic Code [Medium Cost] Mental efforts :30%35%

Presentation Code [High Cost] Attitude efforts:10%20%

Entity Relationship Diagram

The Entity-Relationship (ER) model was originally proposed by Peter in 1976 .As a way to unify the network and relational database views. Simply stated the ER model is a conceptual data model that views the real world as entities and relationships. A basic component of the model is the Entity-Relationship diagram, which is used to visually represent data objects. Since Chen wrote his paper the model has been extended and today it is commonly used for database design for the database designer, the utility of the ER model is: It maps well to the relational model. The constructs used in the ER model can easily be transformed into relational tables. It is simple and easy to understand with a minimum of training. Therefore, the model can be used by the database designer to communicate the design to the end user. In addition, the model can be used as a design plan by the database developer to implement a data model in specific database management software. We have identified the following entities in the system: 1) Answer ID, Answer, Type, Date Posted, Type 2) Category ID, Category Name 3) User ID, User Information, Role, Member, Admin

Data Flow Diagram

When analysing systems we usually make extensive use of Graphical Notations, i.e. Diagrams. The diagramming technique we are going to look at for the next few topics is Data Flow Modelling. Data Flow Modelling represents the flow of information around a system, the way it is changed and stored and the 'sources' and 'sinks' of information outside the system. Just like Entity-Relationship Diagrams, Data Flow Diagrams (DFDs) take a 'top-down' approach, expanding the system description into more and more detail via a series of 'levels', so a set of DFDs will comprise a Context Diagram, a Level 1 DFD, and perhaps some Level 2 DFDs, (one for each complicated Process at Level 1). DFDs show how information flows around a system, they: Represent a situation from the viewpoint of the data; Is a technique to assist analysis of processes in the system?

Objectives:
To graphically document boundaries of a system; To provide hierarchical breakdown of the system; To show movement of information between a system and its environment; To document information flows within the system; To aid communication between users and developers.

Hints for Drawing Data Flow Diagrams

For a diagram to be useful it must be at an appropriate level of detail: Avoid detail initially; Identify external entities - they provide the boundary; Identify main processes, then concentrate on data flows; Ensure enough data flows go into a process to perform transformations; Duplicate external entities and data store to improve clarity of diagram; Use meaningful names; Do not duplicate data flows;

HOTEL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM DATA FLOW DIAGRAM:

LEVEL- : 0 (D.F.D)

Figure 1

LEVEL- : 1 (D.F.D)

Figure 2

PROJECT ANALYSIS AND ESTIMATION

The Project Analyses the new management practice in the hotel industry. Over recent years, the environment for hotel management in Croatia has changed radically. Difficult business conditions require the transformation of management in the hotel industry. From the old-style business model, in which hotel managers were focused inwards on the hotel and its operation, a new paradigm encompassing a more externally oriented focus is now required.

The current transformation of socially-owned hotels into capital-based and market-oriented business enterprises will accelerate the general process of privatisation and promote incentive management strategies. The article gives the research results of the new management practice in the case of the hotel "Excelsior" in Dubrovnik. It is one of the most successful hotels on the Croatian coast, which practices modern management.

The research referred to management level, sex, age and educational structure of managers, their continuing education, knowledge, skills and characteristics of management, main functions of management, delegation of authorities and responsibilities, management system, decision-making, styles of leading and governing of managers by their time.

The received results have been compared with the earlier management approach of the above-mentioned hotel. The objective of the paper is to point out the importance of the new management practice and its contribution to the successful hotel business.
By exploring different approaches of accomplishing the business management of this five-star hotel, they decided to install a new organisation unit into the organisation figure that is controlling. This helped them to control everyday expenses on every level of the hotel departments. The hotel has overtaken the top price of their services.

Thus, by controlling the expenses, it can reach the results of the best hotels in the Mediterranean. The Hotel Excelsior has an ISO 9002 certificate and operates the system of Total Quality Management, which is directed towards satisfying customer demand. Any obstacle in the way of achieving customer satisfaction must be removed. The high-grade service supply does not recognise the frontiers, but it guarantees the satisfaction of the guest. The staff of every organisation is the most important resource. The Hotel Excelsior is investing a lot in training their operation staff by organising courses at the Hotel Sheraton, in the United Kingdom, for their waiters and cooks. The top management of the hotel is also broadening their knowledge by attending different courses, seminars, MBA studies, etc.

Estimation:The production phase is focused on implementation and testing of the system. Most of time, the developer will spend time on coding. The final product will be tested according to the test plan to ensure all requirements are meet. All test results will be analyzed and documented. Also, the developer will write a user manual, which describes how to install, run and use the software.

The production phase will be completed once the committee members approve all required documentation and final version of the software product after the third and the last presentation.

The grant chart below shows a schedule for finishing the tasks in each phase.

Cost Estimate:COCOMO:
The COnstructive COst MOdel (COCOMO) developed by Barry Boehm will be used to estimate project effort and time. There are three modes, based on software domains, to estimate project effort and time in COCOMO. These modes are organic, semidetached and embedded. Organic mode projects are less complex developments and it has fair flexibility. Embedded mode projects are usually similar to defense projects. Complexity, reliability and real-time issues are played bigger role in embedded mode projects. Semidetached mode projects represent between organic and embedded mode projects. The Hotel Reservation System is a web application, which will have average complexity and fair flexibility. Therefore, the Hotel Reservation System is an organic mode project. COCOMO cost estimation for organic mode projects follow this formula: Effort = 3.2*EAF*(Size) ^1.05 Time = 2.5*(Effort) ^0.38 where: Effort = number of staff months EAF = Effort Adjustment Factor Size = number of lines of code for completed product. It is measured in KLOC (thousands of lines of code) Time = total number of months

COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS (CBA)

Cost-Benefit Analysis (CBA) estimates and totals up the equivalent money value of the benefits and costs to the community of projects to establish whether they are worthwhile. These projects may be dams and highways or can be training programs and health care systems. The idea of this economic accounting originated with Jules Dupuit, a French engineer whose 1848 article is still worth reading. The British economist, Alfred Marshall, formulated some of the formal concepts that are at the foundation of CBA. But the practical development of CBA came as a result of the impetus provided by the Federal Navigation Act of 1936. This act required that the U.S. Corps of Engineers carry out projects for the improvement of the waterway system when the total benefits of a project to whomsoever they accrue exceed the costs of that project. Thus, the Corps of Engineers had create systematic methods for measuring such benefits and costs. The engineers of the Corps did this without much, if any, assistance from the economics profession. It wasn't until about twenty years later in the 1950's that economists tried to provide a rigorous, consistent set of methods for measuring benefits and costs and deciding whether a project is worthwhile. Some technical issues of CBA have not been wholly resolved even now but the fundamental presented in the following are well established. It is a part of economic feasibility and it refer to Helping to approach & assess the case for a project. An approach to make economic decision of any kind it involves weighting the total expected costs against the total expected benefits of one or more actions in order to choose the best or most profitable option.

The accuracy of the outcome depends on how accurately cost and benefits have been estimated.

CONCLUSION
This project was really a very educative and enlightening experience for me. I got the portability problems at various platforms, besides developing my designing skills. I got to learn the network access of software. I learn how data connectivity is done and how multitasking is done with a shared memory.

In the end, I would once again thank all the people who made such kind of training possible for me.

BIBILIOGRAPHY & REFERENCES

Bibiliography

1. [PHP-The Complete Reference], Steven Holzner 2. [MYSQL-The Complete Reference], Vikram Vaswani 3. [HTML- The Complete Reference], Tata Mc Graw-Hill Edition 4. DataBase Design : Korth 5. System Ananlysis and Design : Awad 6. Software Engineering : PressMan 7. [SQL, PL/SQL The Programming Language Of Oracle] by Ivan Bayross , BPB Publications

References 1. www.php.com 2. www.w3schools.com 3. www.shopping.rediff.com 4. www.indiashopping.com 5. www.shopping.yahoo.com