By

M Firdaus, MT
www.dauspoli.co.cc
CONCEPT
Foundation width (B) lied on the ground covered with sand layer. If
foundation receives uniform load (q) per square, the foundation will be in
under displacement condition.









Foundation displacement will be increased as the load is increased. If the
value of q equal to value of qu is achieved, the failure of subgrade end
bearing will happen even though there is no additional load (q).
Types of subgrade end bearing failure
Analisis Terzaghi
Developing plastic failure theory for strapp footing analysis;
Ratio value of length (L) compared to foundation width (B) is
more than 5, and shallow foundation is depth value (Df)
which is equal or less than the width value (B).
(General Shear failure):
strapp : (B-width)
square : (B-minimum)
circle : (B-circle diametre)

(local shear failure) by changing the value c = c = 2/3.c and
tan = 2/3. tan, as the follows:
strapp : (B-width)
square : (B-minimum)
circle : (B-circle diametre)

N B N q N c q
N B N q N c q
N B N q N c q
q c u
q c u
q c u
. . . 3 , 0 . . . 3 , 1
. . . 4 , 0 . . . 3 , 1
. . .
2
1
. .
+ + =
+ + =
+ + =
' . . . 3 , 0 ' . ' '. . 3 , 1
' . . . 4 , 0 ' . ' '. . 3 , 1
' . . .
2
1
' . ' '.

N B N q N c q
N B N q N c q
N B N q N c q
q c u
q c u
q c u
+ + =
+ + =
+ + =
Terzaghis Table for Subgrade End
Bearing Coefficient
Graphic of Subgrade End Bearing
Coefficient in Semi-Logarithm Scale
70 , 14 : 1
1
= Lap
68 , 15 : 2
2
= Lap
7 , 14 ; 25 ; 68 , 17 : 3
3
= = = c Lap
90 , 4 ; 30 ; / 66 , 16 : 4
3
4
= = = c m kN Lap
0,8
1,00
1,20
1,10
2,3
Foundation on Ground with Several
Layers
2 2 1 1
. . Df Df q + =
68 , 15 . 1 70 , 14 . 80 , 0 + =
2
/ 44 , 27 m kN q =
Parameter ,c & which is used in
Terzaghi formula; the average value taken for
measurement is the same as foundation
width value.
The value below foundation taken is 2,3 m, and so
=
+
+
= =

39 , 27
) 1 , 1 20 , 1 (
30 . 1 , 1 25 . 2 , 1
.
i
i i
rt
h
h |
|

=
i
i i
rt
h
c h
c
.
2
/ 01 , 10
) 10 , 1 20 , 1 (
90 , 4 . 1 , 1 7 , 14 . 2 , 1
m kN =
+
+
=

=
i
i i
rt
h
h

.
2
/ 17 , 17
) 10 , 1 20 , 1 (
66 , 16 . 1 , 1 64 , 17 . 2 , 1
m kN =
+
+
=
For : = 27,39 interpolated, show the result :
40 , 14
38 , 17
88 , 30
=
=
=

N
N
N
q
c
For square footing :

o N B N q Nc c ult
q nt
. . . 4 , 0 ) 1 ( . . 3 , 1 + + =
40 , 14 . 17 , 17 . 3 , 2 . 40 , 0 ) 1 38 , 17 ( 44 , 27 88 , 30 . 01 , 10 . 3 , 1 + + =
nt
ult o
2
/ 78 , 1078
47 , 227 47 , 449 84 , 401
m kN ult
ult
nt
nt
=
+ + =
o
o
2
/ 59 , 359
3
78 , 1078
m kN all
nt
= = o
2
/ 03 , 387 44 , 27 59 , 359 m kN
brutto
= + = o
1
: 1 Lap
'
2
: 2 = Lap
'

Df1
Df2
FOUNDATION ON MULTIPLE SOIL LAYER WITH
UNDER POSITION OF GROUND WATER LEVEL

'
2 1 1
. . Df Df q + =
Square :
( ) Shear General N B N q N c ult
q c nt
o . . . 4 , 0 ) 1 ( . . 3 , 1
'
+ + =
( ) Shear Local N B N q N c ult
q c nt
'
'
' '
'
. . . 4 , 0 ) 1 ( . . 3 , 1

o + + =
Df1
1,50
2,50
4 m
1

| ; ;
2
c
| ; ;
'
3
c =
CIRCLE FOUNDATION WITH GROUND WATER
LEVEL UNDER THE BASE OF FOUNDATION
Where : ; c & used from averaging.
) 50 , 2 50 , 1 (
50 , 2 . 50 , 1 .
'
1
+
+
=

rt
If ground water level under the foundation < B,
Ground water level have influences.
( ) Shear General N B N q N c ult
rt q c rt nt
o . . . 3 , 0 ) 1 ( . . 3 , 1 + + =
( ) Shear Local N B N q N c ult
rt q c rt nt
' ' ' '
. . . 3 , 0 ) 1 ( . . 3 , 1

o + + =
If depth of ground water level under the foundation >
B, ground water level denied
Safety Factor
Safety factor used for calculate of allowable bearing capacity
(q
ijin
) of foundation
General condition, SF taken around 2 3 and critical condition
actually taken around 3 - 4
Allowable bearing capacity (q
ijin
) = q
u
/SF





q
all
= q
u
/SF = , A = found. load area
q
net
= q
ijin

netto
= (q
u
q)/SF , where q = .D
f
q
ijin

netto
= W
(D+L)
/A
{ } ( ) SF A W W W
s F L D
/ /
) (
+ +
+
Example
Strapp footing with soil characteristics : = 18 kN/m
3
, = 28dan c =
15 kN/m
2
. Determine the allowable bearing capacity (q
all
) :






a) General shear failure condition:
From terzaghi bearing capacity table for = 28 N
c
= 32, N

= 16, N
q
=
18. q = .D
f
= 18 . 0,80 = 14,4 kN/m
2
, use formula :
2
2
/ 8 , 220 4 / 2 , 883
/ 2 , 883 16 . 0 , 1 . 18 . 5 , 0 18 . 4 , 14 32 . 15
m kN q
m kN q
all
u
= =
= + + =
b) Local shear failure condition:
local shear : c = 2/3.c = 10 kN/m
2

for = 28 N
c
= 18; N

= 4,5; N
q
= 7.
q = .D
f
= 14,4 kN/m
2
, use formula :
2
2
/ 3 , 80 4 / 5 , 321
/ 5 , 321 5 , 4 . 0 , 1 . 18 . 5 , 0 7 . 4 , 14 18 . 10
m kN q
m kN q
all
u
= =
= + + =
Meyerhof Analysis, Debeer & Vesic
Zona I is an active area (rankine), zona II is area of radial shear, and zona III is a
pasive area (rankine)

Bearing capasity of stapp footing : q
u
= q
c
+ q
q
+ q

Bearing capacity table, vesic
bearing capacity soil formula besides
strapp footing type
Where : s
c
, s
q
, s

: shape factor
d
c
, d
q
, d

: depth factor
i
c
, i
q
, i

: tilt factor

a) Shape factor
1. Strapp footing (B : wide; L : length)


2. Square and circle footing

N B i d s N i d s q N i d s c q
q q q q c c c c u
. . . . . . . . . . . . . + + =
( )
|
.
|

\
|
=
|
.
|

\
|
+ =
|
|
.
|

\
|
|
.
|

\
|
+ =
L
B
s
L
B
s
N
N
L
B
s
q
c
q
c
4 , 0 1 ; tan 1 ; 1

( ) 6 , 0 ; tan 1 ; 1 = + =
|
|
.
|

\
|
+ =

s s
N
N
s
q
c
q
c
b) Depth factor
1) Ratio Df/B 1




if = 0,


2) Ratio Df/B > 1




If = 0,
1 ; ) sin 1 ( tan 2 1 ;
tan
1
2
=
|
|
.
|

\
|
+ =

d
B
D
d
N
d
d d
f
q
q
q
q c
|
|
.
|

\
|
+ =
B
D
d
f
4 , 0 1

1 ; ) sin 1 ( tan 2 1 ;
tan
1
2
=
|
|
.
|

\
|
+ =

d
B
D
d
N
d
d d
f
q
q
q
q c
|
|
.
|

\
|
+ =

B
D
d
f 1
tan 4 , 0 1

c) Tilt factor







is a resultant of angle of force where work straight vertically
2
2
1
90
1
|
|
.
|

\
|

=
|
.
|

\
|

= =

o
o

i
i i
q c
Example
Calculate allowable bearing capacity of square footing with 1,2 m
wide for factor safety (SF) = 3
Soil characteristics :
= 17 kN/m
3

= 20
c = 20 kN/m
2



Completion :


N B i d s N i d s q N i d s c q
q q q q c c c c u
. . . . . . 5 , 0 . . . . . . . . + + =
a) Tilt factor
vertical load resultant, define i
c
= i
q
= i

= 1, become :



b) Soil bearing capacity factor
= 20, vesic table : N
c
= 30,14; N
q
= 18,40; N

= 22,40



c) Shape factor
square footing B = L = 1,2 m


N B d s N d s q N d s c q
q q q c c c u
. . . . . 5 , 0 . . . . . . + + =
6 , 0
364 , 1 tan 1
610 , 1 / 1
=
= + =
= + =

s
s
N N s
q
c q c
d) Depth factor
D
f
/B = 1,2/1,2 = 1 1, use formula :




e) Uniform load (1,2 m depth of foundation)
q = 1,2.17 = 20,40 kN/m
2

Ultimate bearing capacity :




SF = 3, so q
ijin
= q
u
/SF = 710,73 kN/m
2

Allowable total load of foundation = A.q
ijin
= 1023,45 kN
1
362 , 1 ) tan . /( ) 1 (
315 , 1 / . ) sin 1 ( tan 2 1
2
=
= =
= + =

d
N d d d
B D d
q q q c
f q
( ) ( ) ( )
2
/ 188 , 2132
4 , 22 . 2 , 1 . 17 . 1 . 6 , 0 . 5 , 0 4 , 18 . 315 , 1 . 364 , 1 . 4 , 20 14 , 30 . 362 , 1 . 61 , 1 . 20
. . . . . 5 , 0 . . . . . .
m kN q
q
N B d s N d s q N d s c q
u
u
q q q c c c u
=
+ + =
+ + =