Movement Type Leader Remarks

Gnosticism Philosophical Heresy Simon Magus First philosophical movement;

peak power c. A.D. 150
Manicheanism Philosophical Heresy Mani (A.D. 216 –
277)

Neoplatonism Philosophical Heresy Ammonius Saccas - Originator

(c. A.D. 174 – c.
242)
Neoplatonsim Philosophical Heresy Plotinus (c. A.D. Real leader of doctrine
205 – 270)
Neoplatonism Philosophical Heresy Porphory (A.D. 232 Produced literary statements of
– 305) Plotinus (Enneads)

Montanism Theological Error Montanus Charismatic – like ???

Monarchianism Theological Error Paul of Samosata

Easter Controversy Ecclesiastical Schism

Dontanism Ecclesiastical Schism Donatus

Ebionites Legalistic Heresy Bar Kocha Retain Jewish Customs

Pelagians Pelagius (c. A.D. Soul created; Born Sinless; Broken

360 – c. A.D. 420) Will; Synergistic Salvation;
Baptism Unimportant
- Pelagius views condemned at the
Council of Ephesus in 431
(Augustine had voluminous anti-
Pelagian writing; views discussed
at the Synod of Orange A.D. 529)
Arianism Arius (c. 250 – “there was [time] when he was
336) not”
- discussed at Council of Nicaea
325 (Arius v. Athanasius)
- Result: creed with Athanasius
(Same essence, Equal with Father,
Coeternal)

Monasticism ??? Anthony (c. 251 – Condemns marriage (an institution

c. 356) of God); works based salvation???

7 Sacraments Liturgy Catholic Church All 7 acts in use by the end of the
sixth century (will expatiate on
each, but for the sake of brevity
they are not listed individually)
 Is the veneration of Mary (c. 590) a
sacrament ????

Indulgences Catholic Church Clement VI declared it to be

dogma in 1343
Second Lateran Schism Catholic Church Made celibacy compulsory
Council (1139)
First Vatican Schism 1869-70 Papal Infallibility
Council
Scholasticism ??? Age of reason; influenced the
enlightenment in 18th c. Europe
Nominalism Philosophical Roscellinus and later William of
Ockham – General truths or ideas
have no objective existence outside
the mind
Mysticism Philosophical ca. 14th c. Emphasized reason
Purgatory Gregory I A.D. 590
Pentecostalism
Liberalism 1870s God Immanent in Man
Deism 18th c.
Process Theology 1980s God and Man evolving to
perfection
Materialism 19th c Threatened the faith
Darwinism 1859 Denies veracity of Bible
Docetism ca. first c.??? Christ only seemed to suffer and
(Seemism) die
Ecumenism 20th c. World wide organization; reconcile
all denominations regardless of
differing beliefs
Hellenism Early Tertullian adamantly opposed
Latitudarians ?? Opposed to enthusiasm; avoid
bigotry and fanaticism
Pluralism 20th c Marketing Ministry