AP European History-- Mr.

Neal Study Guide Chapter 25 WWI (The Great War) BIG QUESTIONS: (as you work through the chapter, keep these questions in mind) 1. What were the economic, cultural, and strategic factors behind Europes New Imperialism in the late 19th and early 20th centuries? 2. How did the formation of alliances and the search for strategic advantage affect Europes major powers? 3. What were the origins and progress of World War I? 4. What was the Russian Revolution? 5. What peace treaties ended World War I? Background: Africa and Asia were divided among various European nations in their quest for natural resources, colonies, and empire-building. European dominance had brought every part of the globe into a single world economy. This dominance fostered competition and hostility that led to a terrible war that undermined Europes strength and its influence on the world. There are many maps in this chapter, please take time to examine them carefully. World War I 1) Why did Serbia believe its role was in the Balkan Peninsula? How did Austria and Russia respond to Serbia? 2) What was the result of the Second Moroccan Crisis? Who did Britain become close to? 3) Why was Archduke Ferdinand of Austria assassinated by the Black Hand (Gavrilo Princip)? 4) How did Germany respond to the assassination? 5) How did the Triple Entente respond to the assassination? 6) How did the European public react to the outbreak of war? Why? 7) Why did the Schlieffen Plan fail? 8) How did the Battle of the Marne in 1914 alter the war? 9) What event brought the United States into the war? Why did Woodrow Wilson hesitate to join the war? What reason did he specifically state was the purpose of the war? The Russian Revolution 10) Why did the March Revolution come about? 11) What country helped Lenin to gain control? What was the theme to Lenins speeches? 12) What did Leon Trotsky accomplish? 13) What did the new Bolshevik government accomplish after seizing power? What was the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk? What did Russia have to give up? The End of World War I 14) How did the World War I finally end? 15) What were Wilsons Fourteen Points? 16) Why did William II abdicate on November 9, 1918? 17) What were the total casualties of WWI? What name do contemporaries give the war? 18) What happened to the Ottoman Empire at the end of the war? What did Ataturk establish?

The Settlement at Paris 19) Who were the Big Four that gathered at Versailles in 1919? 20) What obstacles did the negotiators of the peace settlement face? What did they consider to be their most immediate threat? 21) What was meant by the phrase a peace without victors? Why was this considered to be a mockery? 22) How was Germany sanctioned after the war? What was the war guilt clause or clause 231? 23) Why was the Versailles Treaty criticized? What did John Maynard Keynes criticize about the treaty? Study Guide: Chapter 26 (Unit 9): Political Experiments of the 1920s BIG QUESTIONS: (as you work through the chapter, keep these questions in mind) 1. What economic and political disorder occurred in the aftermath of World War I? 2. What was the Soviet Unions far-reaching political and social experiment? 3. Who was Benito Mussolini and how did his Fascisti seize power in Italy? 4. How did Britain gain its first Labour government and what was the general strike? 5. How did the successor states to the Austrian Empire develop authoritarian governments (except Czechoslovakia)? 6. How did reparations, inflation, political turmoil and the rise of Nazism affect the German Weimar Republic? Background: After the conclusion of the Paris peace settlement, experimentation in politics and political structures was the norm in the decade following World War I. Many of these experiments failed and the economic and social normality sought by so many Europeans proved elusive. Authoritarianism and aggression were not the inescapable destiny of Europe. They emerged from the failure to secure alternative modes of democratic political life and stable international relations and from the inability to achieve long-term economic prosperity. Political and Economic Factors after the Paris Settlement Unit 9 1) How was the peace settlement after WWI viewed by minority groups, Germans, French, and politicians in general? 2) What was normalcy as described by Woodrow Wilson? Could it be achieved? 3) How was Europe changed economically after WWI? How was the war debt handled by all involved? How was European and U.S. trade affected? 4) How were unions/the labor movement affected by the war both during and after? The Soviet Experiment Begins Unit 9 5) How did Lenin and the Bolsheviks rule the new Soviet Union? What was War Communism? 6) What was Lenins New Economic Policy (NEP)? Why or Why wasnt it successful? 7) What was Trotskys position in securing the Soviet Unions future? 8) How did Stalin gain his power? What were his strengths and weaknesses? How did his plans for the Soviet Union differ from Trotskys? 9) What were the goals Comintern? What affect did they have on European politics in the 1920s and 1930s? What did they ask of Socialists that wished to join them? Joyless Victors Unit 9 10) How did France react politically after WWI? What alliances did they form and why? What was their new alliance called? 11) How did Germany and Russia feel about Frances new alliances? What resulted from this? 12) Why did France choose to occupy the German Ruhr in 1923? What resulted from this occupation? 13) Who was Ramsay MacDonald? What did he accomplish? 14) What did Sinn Fein desire?

Trials of the Successor States in Eastern Europe Unit 9 15) What did the newly created states of Poland, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, and Austria have in common both economically and politically? 16) Which central European state was the only one not to adopt a self-imposed authoritarian government?

The Weimar Republic Unit 9 and 10 17) What did the newly written constitution of Germany/the Weimar Republic allow for? 18) What was the Kapp Putsch of 1920? What did they desire and why? 19) What were the causes of the inflation of the German mark? Who was affected by this inflation the most? 20) What was Adolf Hitler and the Nazis platform? 21) Who did the Nazis appeal to and why? 22) What did the SA accomplish? What was their symbol? 23) What was the Beer Hall Putsch of 1923? 24) What did Mein Kampf call for? 25) What was Gustav Stresemann (1878-192) in charge of? What did he accomplish? 26) What were the Locarno Agreements of 1925? Chapter 27 Unit 9: Europe and the Great Depression of the 1930s BIG QUESTIONS: (as you work through the chapter, keep these questions in mind 1. What caused the financial collapse and depression in Europe? 2. How did the emergence of the National Government in Great Britain and the Popular Front in France respond to the political pressures cause by the depression? 3. How did the Nazis seize power, establish a police state, and impose racial laws in Germany? 4. What were Stalins planned industrialization, agricultural collectivization, and purges in the Soviet Communist Party and the Soviet Army? Background: In Europe, the decade of the 1920s had been anything but roaring. This was a decade of insecurity, both financially and politically. Marxists truly believed that the end of capitalism was at hand and the stage was set for official socialism and its cousin, communism. Toward the Great Depression Unit 9 1) What were the factors that contributed to the intense severity and extended length of the Great Depression? What problems did European currencies have? 2) Why did most governments (including the U.S. under President Hoover) refuse to deficit spend after the onset of the depression? 3) What did the Dawes and Youngs Plan accomplish? 4) Why did Wall Street crash in October 1929? What result did this have on Europe? 5). What did the Lausanne Conference mandate? 6.) What basic problem afflicted agriculture in the 1920s, and to what other economic woes did this lead? 7) What governmental economic practice did John Maynard Keynes advocate? What was the common practice before Keynesian theory? Confronting the Great Depression Unit 9 6) What actions did the British national government take to attack the depression? What were the results of these actions? 7) For what movement is Sir Oswald Moseley known? 8) What was the Stravinsky Affair in France? 9) What was the Popular Front, who was its leader, and what version of socialism did it champion? 10) Who was Leon Blum and what was included in his labor policy?