INFORMATION RIGHTS MANAGEMENT IMPLEMENTATION AND CHALLENGES

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An article on Information Rights Management (IRM) and our methodology for its proper implementation in achieving secure flow of sensitive information within and beyond the organizational boundaries.

Information Rights Management [IRM]

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Manasdeep

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September 2012

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Contents
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. a. b. c. d. 7. 8. 9. a. b. c. 10. Introduction .............................................................................................................................. 5 Why do we need IRM? ............................................................................................................... 5 What exactly can be achieved with IRM?[1] ................................................................................ 6 What can't be prevented using IRM? ......................................................................................... 6 Are Digital Rights Management (DRM) and IRM same things?.................................................... 7 Key for IRMs successful implementation[5] ................................................................................ 8 Automating policy assignment ............................................................................................... 8 Dynamic policy control ........................................................................................................... 8 Discretionary policy application ............................................................................................. 8 Audit Trail .............................................................................................................................. 8 Steps before implementing IRM[6] .............................................................................................. 9 Popular IRM vendor list ............................................................................................................. 9 Challenges in IRM implementation .......................................................................................... 10 Lack of commitment by senior management........................................................................ 10 User Unwillingness to change .............................................................................................. 10 Miscellaneous Factors[5] ....................................................................................................... 11 References ........................................................................................................................... 12

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Information Rights Management [IRM]

1. I NTRODUCTION

Information Rights Management is the set of techniques and methods which protect the highly sensitive information of the organization irrespective of the file location whether it resides "in" or "outside" the corporate boundaries. This happens as the permissions embedded inside the file don't allow unauthorized access, modification, copying or printing. This is typically done for protection of financial documents, intellectual property such as patents, design blueprints and executive communications. IRM[4] broadly speaking addresses the fundamental problem associated with Data Protection Leakage (DLP). DLP heavily relies on protection of sensitive file within the corporate network typically at its end points. It protects the data based on its location (directory, file server/ database) or in data in transit, but doesn't give the protection at a more granular level, i.e. information contained in file itself. IRM currently applies mainly to documents and emails in typical corporate environment setting. While DLP is transmission control technology, IRM is usage control technology.

2. W HY DO WE NEED IRM?
The rationale for using IRM is that the privacy information associated with data must travel along with it. The copying of that data must not lose the associated rights to that information. Rights to modify, update, restrict or even destroy that information must be retained by the individual it pertains to, even when a 3rd party holds that information. In larger context, IRM helps organizations in enforcing corporate policy governing the secure flow of highly sensitive data in the organization. File protections are defined and enforced based on user's identity along with corporate policy on a given class of data. The best way to protect information is to do it directly at the level of the information and not at the level of many system(s) which might change, transport or store the information.

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3. W HAT EXACTLY CAN BE ACHIEV ED WITH IRM? [1]

Preventing restricted content from unauthorized modification, copying, printing or pasting Disabling Print Screen feature in Microsoft Windows for taking snapshots of restricted content. Restricting content exposure wherever it is sent Support file expiration so that contents in documents are rendered un-viewable (or viewable) automatically after a set time. Full auditing of both access to documents as well as changes to the rights/policy by business users Sensitive Content from being erased, stolen, captured or transmitted by malicious programs like Trojans, key loggers etc. Content from being lost or corrupted due to virus infection Restricted content from being hand-copied or retyped from a display screen. Taking digital photograph of the restricted content displayed on a screen by unauthorized person Snapshots of restricted content are possible using 3rd party screen-capture tools

4. W HAT CAN ' T BE PREVENTED USING IRM?

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5. A RE D IGITAL R IGHTS M ANAGEMENT (DRM) AND IRM SAME THINGS ?

Not Really. Digital Rights management (DRM)[2] technologies are typically used by hardware manufacturers, publishers, copyright holders and individuals with the intent to limit the use of digital content and devices "after sale". It is specifically targeted to defeat any attempts for rich media piracy like Blu-ray, CD, DVD's, tapes, records. In United States, a legal mandate called Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA) exists which imposes criminal penalties on those who make available technologies whose primary agenda is to bypass content protection technologies. Main focus of DRM is to defeat copyright infringement by putting "digital locks" to rich media eg. records, CD, DVD's etc in business to customer domain, while IRM restricts itself to sensitive information exchange in business to business domain such as mergeracquisition plans, design blueprints, patents, financial statements, strategic business plans etc.

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6. K EY FOR IRM S SUCCESSFUL IMPLEMENTATION [5]

The strength of IRM is typically reserved for very sensitive information that travels outside organization to vendors, suppliers, outsourced parties, partners etc. But challenges for proper authentication are quite complex outside the enterprise. Hence, following approaches must be used for effective implantation of IRM enterprise based solutions:

a. Automating policy assignment

More automated is policy assignment, better is IRM implementation. This happens as automation eliminates human errors resident in manual processes which in turn make it more effective. They can automatically protect documents such as price lists, product specifications, and manufacturing process description. This works effectively because if we let document authors be the sole arbiter of what to protect, it puts an unwelcome burden on them. They may neglect to do it correctly, consistently, or at all. Organizations can automatically assign policies to entire information groups such as anything saved to a certain folder, content of a certain type, or information that has reached a particular stage in a workflow. This saves time, ensures consistency, and is the most efficient way to manage large volumes of sensitive information with IRM.

b. Dynamic policy control

As business conditions evolve, IRM policies that govern the use of content must evolve as well. Regulatory changes will almost always require modifications to information policies such as patent expirations, litigation settlements, mergers and acquisitions etc. Dynamic policy control enables recipient entitlements to be changed when individual roles or business needs change, regardless of where the content resideseven when its location is unknown. Policies reside on a policy server, not within the content. So they can be changed or revoked at any time. Rights can also be set to automatically expire.

c. Discretionary policy application

In the enterprise, discretionary use of IRM is an option that should be used in addition to rather instead of automated policy application.

d. Audit Trail

An audit trail is an unalterable, chronological log of access to a system and a record of additions, changes, and deletions to information that system manages, which lists the person accessing the system, and the time of access, and the action taken.

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7. S TEPS BEFORE IMPLEMENTING IRM [6]

So you are all rolled up to implement IRM solution in your company. But before that, answer this quick checklist: Outline business areas where sensitive information is frequently exchanged? What needs to be protected (documents, email etc.) How will security policies be enforced to protect this sensitive information or communication? Who can use the information (people, group) What a user can do with that information (read, write, print or forward) When can the user access the information (time duration and dates) Where can the information be accessed from (in office, home,) What would be the consequences to the business if this information ended up in the wrong hands? Does the organization retain any employee, customer, or member information that could be used in identity theft if it were exposed, either through loss or theft.

8. P OPULAR IRM VENDOR LIST

Seclore FileSecure Microsoft Integrated Rights Management Boole Server SmartCipher EMC IRM Product Suite

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9. C HALLENGES IN IRM IMPLEMENTATION

a. Lack of commitment by senior management
The biggest roadblock in IRM successful implementation is the inadequate commitment shown by senior management. Management has to be convinced and made aware the value of information in the business. Consequences of losing sensitive information must be highlighted such as unwanted loss in brand image and reputation, losing client and stakeholder confidence. Unpleasant lawsuits may proceed if the leakage of sensitive information is made public. Common mistake made by senior managers during implementation is that they delegate the entire part of IRM implementation to the IT team and not take much responsibility for it. It is important to note that IRM must be top driven from senior management which only can bring about a cultural change in the organization. Without their support, implementation at the best stays patchy and disorganized.

b. User Unwillingness to change

IRMs restrictive nature and perceived usage hassles may at first not easily gel with users. Users must be made to undergo a mandatory training and awareness workshop to help ease through this process. Suggested methodology can be summarized as: Methodology for managers to inducing change in users: Unfreezing: This step alters the forces on individuals sufficiently such that they are distracted to opt for a change. It reduces the user resistance due to increased peer pressure to induce them to go for a change. Moving: This step presents direction of the change and the actual practice of learning new attitudes. Refreezing: The final step forges the changed attitudes and learned skills in users. A good practice will be to train some of the people in the organization and nurture them as champions in usage of IRM. It will be better if at least one person from every department is included as a part of the IRM implementation task force. This task force will work in close cooperation with vendors/security team during implementation process. After the official implementation is over, these champions will provide the first point of reference and support for any issues arising in DLP to new users. Hence, user satisfaction increases and consequently resistance to adopt new technology is lowered down.

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c. Miscellaneous Factors [ 5 ]
External User Authentication for partners, vendors, suppliers, outsourced parties, must be strong enough and well formed. Any loose ends will damage the confidentiality of the information. Most IRM's like Microsofts Windows Rights Management Services are great for Windows and Office. But they are mainly for Microsoft apps. For apps like in CAD or blueprints, other solutions are either from small vendors or very limited in scope.

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10. R EFERENCES
1. http://www.iotap.com/Blog/tabid/673/entryid/61/Information-RightsManagement-Sharepoint-2010.aspx 2. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information_Rights_Management 3. http://blogs.kuppingercole.com/kuppinger/category/information-rightsmanagement/ 4. http://covertix.blogspot.in/ 5. http://www.rcpbuyersguide.com/dload.php?file=whitepapers/SponsorIndex_E MC_Whitepaper11534369.pdf 6. http://www.niiconsulting.com/solutions/information_rights_management.html

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