1.

AUDIO ANNOUNCEMENT FOR LIBRARY

BASED ON SOUND LEVEL METER

INTRODUCTION
As our final year project we are going to present Sound level meter with voice announcement. Our project measure sound pressure level and display it on 16*2 LCD. The project is also connected to Audio announcement circuit. So our project continuously measure sound pressure, and compare with critical noise level set using microcontroller programming. If sound noise pressure exceed from set value, voice announcement circuit start play, giving warning massage. This project can be very useful for the college library and everywhere where noise level matter. A basic sound level meter shows the sound pressure level with different frequency weighting and with different time integration that are used for noise assessment. In almost all countries, the use of A-frequencyweighting is mandated for protection of workers against noise induced deafness. The standard sound level meter is more correctly called an exponentially averaging sound level meter as the AC signal from microphone is converted into DC by a root-mean square circuit and thus I must have a time constant of integration; today, referred to as

time weighting. The output of RMS circuit is linear in voltage and passed through a logarithm circuit to give a linear readout in decibels. It follow that decibels is not a unit but simply a dimensionless ratio-in case, the ratio of two pressures. The decibel is a logarithmic unit used to describe a ratio. The ratio may be power, sound pressure, voltage, intensity, etc. Not at all frequency is equally loud. This is because human ear does not respond equally to all frequencies. Our ear much sensitive to sound in frequency range of 1 KHz to 4 KHz. So sound meter are usually fitted with a filter whose response to frequency is almost like that of the human ear. If the A-weighting filter is used, the sound pressure level is given in dB unit.

Block diagram

Circuit Diagram:

Working
Condenser mic is used as an input device. The sound is converted into electrical signal using condenser mic. This signal is than amplified by using LM358.For sufficient amplification we are using two operational amplifiers. The audio output is received through pin 2 and feedback is given through VR1. Here VR1 is used to get an output amplitude level between 0 to 4 volts. LM 358 is dual operational amplifier consisting of two independent, high gain, internally frequency compensated operational amplifier that are design specially to operate from a single power supply over a wide voltage range. Operation from split supplies also is possible if the

difference between the two supplies is 3 V to 32 V and VCC is at least 1.5 V more positive than the input common-mode voltage. The low supply-current drain is independent of the magnitude of the supply voltage. Applications include transducer amplifiers, dc amplification blocks, and all the conventional operational amplifier circuits that now can be implemented more easily in single-supply-voltage systems. For example, these devices can be operated directly from the standard 5-V supply used in digital systems and easily can provide the required interface electronics without additional +-5-V supplies. This analog output is fed to the analog input of PIC microcontroller. The PIC microcontroller is used because it has internal analog to digital converter. PIC16F877 belongs to a class of 8-bit microcontrollers of RISC architecture. It has 8kb flash memory for storing a written program. Since memory made in FLASH technology can be programmed and cleared more than once, it makes this microcontroller suitable for device development. IT has data memory that needs to be saved when there is no supply. It is usually used for storing important

data that must not be lost if power supply suddenly stops. For instance, one such data is an assigned temperature in temperature regulators. If during a loss of power supply this data was lost, we would have to make the adjustment once again upon return of supply. The display section consists of 16*2 LCD, which used to display sound pressure in decibels. LCDs can add a lot to your application in terms of providing an useful interface for the user, debugging an application or just giving it a "professional" look. The most common type of LCD controller is the Hitatchi 44780 which provides a relatively simple interface between a processor and an LCD.

2 Public Automatic Garden Monitoring system:

Description: The most important problems faced are the misusage of electricity and its wastage. Sometimes due to carelessness of the authorities and the workers lamps are left ON which results in wastage of electricity. Water wastage is another problem which needs to be dealt with. Our project helps to overcome all these problems. Firstly the Microcontroller around 4.00pm switches on the water supply once to water the entire garden few hours before opening of the garden for public. Next the gate is opened by running the motor which is driven by a motor driver operated by the Microcontroller. At around 6.00pm the

lights are switched on depending upon the output of the LDR and the lights remain functional till the garden remains open for visitors. The garden remains open for about three hours and so around 8.50 pm a buzzer is sounded to indicate closure of the garden and alert the visitors. The gate is then closed at 9.00pm and one of the two lamps is switched off. One lamp is kept on throughout the night. In the morning the remaining lamp is switched off depending upon the signal sent by the LDR, light dependent resistor to the Microcontroller. These are the step involved in the operation of the circuit and the public garden automation. Microcontroller is used to supervise the actions of all other devices and to control the entire set of operations.

Block Diagram:

Block Diagram Description:

1. POWER SUPPLY UNIT: Power supply unit provides a 5V regulated supply to the microcontroller PIC16F72, LCD, LDR, motor driver. It provides a 12V regulated supply to the motors and relays. 2. Light dependant resistance - LDR: The output of LDR is given as input to the signal conditioning circuit the output of which is given to 89S51 on input side to control the state of lamps. 3. MICRO CONTROLLER: It processes the calculated digital values by converting it to ASCII & sends it to the LCD display in order to

display the data. Also depending upon the setting at the input, it controls the output 4. LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY: As the name suggests, it is used for displaying purpose. It displays the current date, time. 5. RELAY: It is used to control the flow of water in the garden just like any simple valve and is driven by a relay driver. 6. KEYPAD: The keypad is used for entering the time and date and also can be used for manual over ride. APPLICATIONS: 1. This small scale project can be implemented in any public garden with minimum cost and resources. 2. This helps in proper utilization of the available resources and helps in avoiding wastage of electricity and water. FUTURE SCOPE: 1. This project mainly aims at the automation of the public garden to avoid wastage of resources. 2. This can be expanded in the sense of security. Using metal detectors and CCTV cameras security of the garden can be enhanced. 3. By using GSM technology further control of water supply and lights using mobile can be achieved

3.SMS based Weather report information system

Description: Throughout time we"ve been fascinated by the weather studying signs of change and making and acting on predictions. Today we can link modern instruments to computers to reduce human error and automate record keeping. Aim of the project is to monitor weather conditions, including temperature, atmospheric humidity, and solar light intensity though GSM modem. Local weather measurements are extremely important to a wide range of professions, from horticulturists to fire fighters. It provides around-the-clock monitoring of various types of applications. For example, it can be used in a greenhouse to manage climate control and help promote favorable growing conditions. In solar power applications, it can verify the performance of photovoltaic (PV) array systems by monitoring solar radiation, DC power, and other parameters. On green roofs, it can help researchers understand performance by tracking air temperature, turf temperature, soil moisture, and rainfall. This project is a fine combination of analog and digital electronics. The project consists of parameters monitoring, parameter sending through SMS. GSM interface is one of the main features of the project in which various data like value of parameters, date and time are sent by the SMS.

We have used Microcontroller as a main component of the project. Now a Microcontroller has become a main component of many of the electronic circuits. Also Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) and sensors are used on major basis for the display and sensing purpose. This project consists of two basic modules. First is Data monitoring & other is Data Sending A display unit will show the value of parameters. This will help for the person to know the values, for this purpose we are going to use various sensors, which will be connected to ADC. The other module is named as parameter sending. It can be used to send the parameters values to a remote location. We are going to use a GSM modem. These values can later be seen using a mobile sms inbox. This system is useful because many times its difficult to measure the parameter values manually and also this module is more accurate than the domestic system.

Block Diagram:

EXPLANATION OF BLOCK DIAGRAM: 1) SENSOR ONE: This is first sensor which uses to sense parameter one. This can be temperature sensor, say LM35. The sensor will be placed on the front panel. One can use LCD display to read the temperature. 2) SENSOR TWO: This is second sensor which uses to sense parameter two. This can be Humidity sensor, say LDR. The sensor will be placed on the front panel. SENSOR THREE: This is third sensor which uses to sense parameter two. This can be Humidity sensor, say SY-HS220. The sensor will be placed on the front panel. 4) AMPLIFIER: We are going to use LM324 which is having 4 inbuilt amplifiers. Since

we have two sensors, we have used this Amplifier. 5) LCD: Liquid Crystal Display which is commonly known as LCD is an Alphanumeric Display it means that it can display Alphabets, Numbers as well as special symbols thus LCD is a user friendly Display device which can be used for displaying various messages unlike seven segment display which can display only numbers and some of the alphabets. The only disadvantage of LCD over seven segment is that seven segment is robust display and be visualized from a longer distance as compared to LCD. Here WE have used 16 x 2 Alphanumeric Display which means on this display WE can display two lines with maximum of 16 characters in one line. 7) GSM modem: We need to send the parameter values in some device. We have chosen GSM modem for this purpose. 8) Keypad: We need to display/send the current parameters. So we are going to use a Keypad for this purpose. This keypad can perform various actions like a) Display temperature b) Display light c) Display humidity d) Send data through SMS 9) MICRO-CONTROLLER (PIC16F877a):

This is the most important segment of the project, i.e. the microcontroller. The controller is responsible for detection and polling of the peripherals status. It is responsible for making. It is responsible for prioritizing all the devices attached to it. It is the major part of the system which controls all the operation of the circuit such as LCD interfacing, square wave generation. It also decides the messages to be displayed on the LCD along with the time duration for which they should be displayed on the LCD. Microcontroller also decides the frequency of square wave output. Applications: This electronic circuit is mainly used in Weather stations. This project can also be used for the following application 1. To calculate and store the temperature and humidity of a boiler in the industry. 2. To store flow of the water flowing from the dam or a canal. 3. To monitor / display the level of the liquid inside the container. 4. Also this system communicates with a mobile and sends various data like level of humidity, liquid flow, and temperature of water. Future Development: 1. We can monitor and store more parameters like Humidity, PH of soil, pressure, by replacing the level sensing module by temperature sensor or respective sensor.

2. We can store this data to a memory location using memory IC or a memory card. 3. We can draw graphs of variations in these parameters using computer

4Toxic Gas Detection using GSM technology

Description: Aim of the project is to monitor hazardous environment conditions, including toxic gases though GSM modem. This project can be used in a industry or mines to monitor and help people to warn about toxic gas conditions. This is also called as Remote Gas Monitoring systems. We are monitoring 3 gases under this project, first is CO Carbon Monoxide, second is LPG Gas and third is methane gas. The project consists of parameters monitoring, parameter sending through SMS. We have used GSM modem to send sms. These values can later be seen using a mobile sms inbox.

Block Diagram:

Applications: This project can be used for the following application 1. In the industry. 2. In the coal mines. Future Development: 1. We can monitor and store more parameters like Humidity, PH of soil, pressure, by replacing the level sensing module by temperature sensor or respective sensor. 2. We can store this data to a memory location using memory IC or a memory card. 3. We can draw graphs of variations in these parameters using computer