3/5/09
UNIT 5 STRUCTURED QUESTION 1
NUTRITION & TRANSPORT IN
PLANTS TYS SCIENCE BIOLOGY
Unit 5 and 6
UNIT 5 STRUCTURED QUESTION 1
  C)Discs from the green parts of the leaf contain
chlorophyll and hence undergo photosynthesis.
Whereas discs from the white region do not
contain chlorophyll hence do not undergo
photosynthesis;
  The Oxygen gas produced from photosynthesis
escapes through the stomata found mainly on the
underside of the leaf;
  The gas bubbles released from the underside
causes the green disc to rise to the top;
UNIT 5 STRUCTURED QUESTION 2B
  Bi)
Glucose
ii) light energy
Carbon Dioxide + Water  Glucose + Oxygen
Chlorophyll
6CO2 + 12H20  C6H12O6 + 6O2 + 6H20
  A) Word Equation:
light energy
Carbon Dioxide + Water  Glucose + Oxygen
Chlorophyll
6CO2 + 12H20  C6H12O6 + 6O2 + 6H20
Bi) Leaf cells contain chloroplasts that have the green
pigment, chlorophyll which absorbs sunlight needed
for photosynthesis;
Chlorophyll is absent in root cells as they are found
underground unexposed to sunlight;
ii) Glucose is converted to sucrose; and is translocated
via the phloem tissue from the leaves to the roots.
UNIT 5 STRUCTURED QUESTION 2A
Ai) To destarch the plant to ensure that there is no
starch present in the leaves at the start of the
experiment;
ii) As the student is concerned only about the gain
in dry mass (glucose formed) during
photosynthesis, the water in the leaves should be
removed;
UNIT 5 STRUCTURED QUESTION 2C
  Fate of Glucose
1.  Glucose is used in tissue respiration to provide
energy for cellular activities.
2.  Glucose is converted to sucrose and sent to
storage organs to be stored as starch.
3.  Glucose combines with nitrates to form amino
acids which condense to form proteins to
make new protoplasm.
4.  Glucose is used to make cellulose for cell walls.
5.  Excess glucose is stored as starch in the leaves.
6.  Glucose is converted to fats for storage, cellular
respiration and manufacturing of protoplasm (cell
surface membranes).
1

UNIT 5 ESSAY QUESTION 1A
  As the distance from the light source increases from
10cm to 40cm, the number of bubbles released per
min decreases from 120 to 5;
  The greater the distance of the plant from the light
source, the lower the intensity of the light [1/2]
  Light is required for the light dependent stage of
photosynthesis to split the water molecules;
  Hence, the lower the light intensity, the slower the
rate of photosynthesis;
  Hence, there will be less oxygen gas produced
resulting in less bubbles produced per min [1/2]
  Increasing the amount of chlorophyll increases the
amount of light absorbed for the splitting of water
molecules in the light independent stage;
  However, beyond max rate of each factor, further
increase of each factor will not affect the rate as there
are other limiting factors that will limit the reaction;
  An increase in temperature results in an increase in
the rate of photosynthesis till a max rate of
photosynthesis is reached as increase in temperature
increases the kinetic energy of the substrates and
enzymes, as well as an increase in enzyme-substrate
production;
  However, further increase in temperature will
denature enzymes and decrease the rate of
photosynthesis;
EXPLAIN DATA FROM EXPERIMENT.
3/5/09
UNIT 5 ESSAY QUESTION 1B
Other factors that affect the rate of
photosynthesis include, carbon dioxide
concentration, temperature, water availability
and amount of chlorophyll present.
  The rate of photosynthesis will increase with an
increase in carbon dioxide concentration, water
availability and amount of chlorophyll present till a
maximum rate is reached;
  Carbon Dioxide and Water are raw materials that
are reactants in the photosynthetic process.
Increasing their concentrations increases the rate of
enzyme-substrate production and therefore
formation of glucose;
LABEL THE VARIOUS PARTS
UNIT 6 STRUCTURED QUESTION 1
Ai) The leaves lose water via transpiration hence
their mass decreases;
ii) Cedar leaves have more stomata per unit area of
leaf than acacia leaves.
BI) The rate of loss of mass would have increased.
ii) The wind from the fan removes the water vapour
surrounding the leaves making the air less
saturated with water vapour; With a decrease in
humidity around the leaves, a steeper diffusion
gradient is created. Hence the rate of
transpiration increases causing an increase in
the rate of loss of mass;
2

UNIT 6 STRUCTURED QUESTION 2
Ai) Photosynthesis
ii) Carbon dioxide + water  glucose + oxygen
b) Glucose is converted to sucrose; and is
translocated via the phloem tissue in the
vascular bundles from the leaves to the tubers;
UNIT 6 STRUCTURED QUESTION 2
Di) Microorganisms (Decomposers)
ii) Lack of moisture and cool temperatures inhibit
the growth of microorganisms. (not in syllabus)
UNIT 6 ESSAY QUESTION1
Additional info:
  Water molecules move by osmosis into the mesophyll
cells to be used in photosynthesis.
  Some water then forms a thin film of moisture around
the mesophyll cells and evaporate to become water
vapour.
  Water vapour then diffuses out into surrounding air via
the stomata.
3/5/09
UNIT 6 STRUCTURED QUESTION 2
C) i) Amylase
ii) 1. Mouth/ Buccal Cavity
2. Small intestine (pancreatic juice)
iii) Starch is a polysaccharide that is a large
molecule;
It needs to be broken down/ digested into smaller
molecules (glucose) which are soluble and
diffusible;
in order to be absorbed into the capillaries of the
villi of the small intestine.;
UNIT 6 ESSAY QUESTION1
  Plants absorb water molecules via the root hair cells by
the process of endosmosis;
  Water molecules then moves from cell to cell through
the cortex, the endodermis and finally into the xylem
tissue by osmosis;
  Water then moves up the xylem by root pressures,
capillary action and mainly by transpiration pull to the
aerial parts of the leaves by the venation;
UNIT 6 ESSAY QUESTION2a
  Submerge the roots of a balsam plant in a beaker
of water coloured with dilute red ink.
  Leave the set up aside for a few hours till the ink
can be seen in the veins of the balsam leaves.
  Cut a thin slice of the Transverse section of the
stem and place the section on a glass slide.
  Study the section under the microscope to
identify the tissues stained by the red ink.
  Results should show that the tissue stained by
the red ink is the xylem tissue.
Thus we can conclude that water travels up the
stem of the plant through the xylem tissue.
3
 3/5/09

UNIT 6 ESSAY QUESTION2b

Root hair
  Root hair cells of plants absorb water by osmosis.
The long and narrow tubular outgrowth of the cells
increase SA: VR which helps to increase the rate of
absorption;
  The cell sap is concentrated with solutes to lower the
water potential so that the water potential gradient
is maintained to allow water to by osmosis;
UNIT 6 ESSAY QUESTION2b
Stomata
  Water evaporates from the layer of moisture
surrounding the mesophyll cells to becomes
water vapour in the intercellular air spaces;
  Water vapour will then diffuse into the air
surrounding the leaves through the stomata;

UNIT 6 ESSAY QUESTION2b COMPARE RATE OF TRANSPIRATION

Importance of water to the plant.
 Raw material of photosynthesis.
 Evaporation of water from the plant helps
to cool the plant. (Transpiration)
 Provides the required medium for
processes such as translocation and other
chemical reactions.
 Provide turgidity to cells. Eg. Guard cells
to regulate opening of stomata

HIGHER RATE OF TRANSPIRATION?

IDENTIFY X AND Y