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  • 137topic No.11 Dr. Pham Xuan Mai

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    Johnny Tien
    19 vizualizări41 pagini
    This document provides a progress report on a research project studying power generation from biogas produced by pig farming waste. The report details the research topic, plan, progress, and expected results. Key points include: 1) The research is a collaboration between HCMUT and local partners, aiming to design and test a system to generate electricity from biogas using an internal combustion engine. 2) The progress report provides details of the research team, motivation, literature review on biogas production and use, and plans for biogas collection, refining, storage, and engine testing. 3) Initial results include designs for biogas refining systems and experiments on engine performance with biogas, with the goal of providing a model

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    This document provides a progress report on a research project studying power generation from biogas produced by pig farming waste. The report details the research topic, plan, progress, and expected results. Key points include: 1) The research is a collaboration between HCMUT and local partners, aiming to design and test a system to generate electricity from biogas using an internal combustion engine. 2) The progress report provides details of the research team, motivation, literature review on biogas production and use, and plans for biogas collection, refining, storage, and engine testing. 3) Initial results include designs for biogas refining systems and experiments on engine performance with biogas, with the goal of providing a model

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    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Descărcați ca PDF, TXT sau citiți online pe Scribd
    Indicator pentru conținut neadecvat
    19 vizualizări41 pagini

    137topic No.11 Dr. Pham Xuan Mai

    Încărcat de

    Johnny Tien
    This document provides a progress report on a research project studying power generation from biogas produced by pig farming waste. The report details the research topic, plan, progress, and expected results. Key points include: 1) The research is a collaboration between HCMUT and local partners, aiming to design and test a system to generate electricity from biogas using an internal combustion engine. 2) The progress report provides details of the research team, motivation, literature review on biogas production and use, and plans for biogas collection, refining, storage, and engine testing. 3) Initial results include designs for biogas refining systems and experiments on engine performance with biogas, with the goal of providing a model

    Drepturi de autor:

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    Descărcați ca PDF, TXT sau citiți online pe Scribd
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    din 41

    BO CO TIN TIU D N B1-11

    12 October, 2009

    Power generation system by internal combustion engine using bio-gas generated from manure of pig farming
    HUYNH THANH CONG, Ph.D.

    Faculty of Transportation Engineering


    HO CHI MINH CITY UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
    10/14/2009 1

    CONTENT

    1. Information of research topic 2. Detail plan 3. Progress of research 4. Others

    10/14/2009

    1. INFORMATION OF RESEARCH TOPIC


    1.1 Faculty of Transportation Engineering, HCMUT 1.2 Research partner: DOST, Binh Duong province 1.3 Applied location: Gia Nam Company ltd. / Others 1.4 Period: 12 months, August 2009 July 2010 1.5 A graduate thesis and publications will be finished and conducted with this project

    10/14/2009

    2. DETAIL PLAN Team members


    LEADER: Assoc. Prof., Dr. Pham Xuan Mai Office: (84-8).38.644.979; CP: 0903.380.402; Email: pmai_2002@yahoo.com FACULTY MEMBER: Huynh Thanh Cong, Ph.D. Nguyen Dinh Hung, M.SC. Hong Duc Thong, M.SC. Tran Minh Tien, Graduate student (OMK07) RESEARCH PARTNER DOST, BINH DUONG PROV. Ngo Van Dinh, Deputy Director of DOST Binh Duong Tran Dinh Hop, Deputy Head of ACST
    10/14/2009 4

    Motivation to research
    3E problems: Energy Ecology Economy Demands and needs from Binh Duong province on field of energy save and effective use of energy Support to provide the technical utilities for air, land, and water pollution from pig/cow/poultry farms Practical use of experimental results in laboratory

    10/14/2009

    Current status of energy studies

    Energy

    - Exhausted crude oil (increased price of fuel) - Air pollution - Energy save
    10/14/2009

    3E
    Ecology Economy

    Potential possibilities
    Hybrid systems: gasoline-electric, Bio-fuels: - Biogas, biomass, biodiesel, Alternative fuels: - LPG, CNG, H2, Fuel-cell, wind energy, solar cell,
    10/14/2009 7

    Characteristics of biogas
    Biogas is a clean and efficient fuel, generated from pig/cow/chicken-manure, human waste or any kind of biological materials derived through anaerobic fermentation process. The biogas consists of 60% methane (CH4) with rest mainly carbon-di-oxide (CO2) and sulfur hydro (H2S) Biogas is a safe fuel for cooking and lighting. Byproduct is usable as high-grade manure.
    10/14/2009 8

    Biogas How is it made?


    Biogas can be produced by the anaerobic digesters
    - Bio-gas is produced at T = 30 - 37C [T < 15 C No-gas is made] - Manure is supplied to the bio-digester after 30 - 45 days Biogas

    10/14/2009

    Biogas generated as a function of days

    Biogas mass flow, l/days Biogas mass flow, l/days

    3 ~ 5 m3

    Days Days
    10/14/2009 10

    Biogas yield from various feed-stocks

    Feedstock

    Gas yield per unit mass of feedstock (m3/kg) 0.3-0.7 0.4-0.5 0.1-0.3 0.3-0.5 0.4-0.5 0.4-0.6

    Energy yield (MJ/kg) 6-17 8-11 2- 6 6-11 8-11 8-14

    Sewage sludge Pig manure Cattle manure Poultry droppings Poultry droppings and paper pulp Grass

    * Source: http://www.fao.org/docrep/010/ah810e/AH810E13.htm
    10/14/2009 11

    Quantities of excreta from various species

    Source of waste

    Volatile solids yield per animal (kg/day) 0.1 0.6 4.0 2.2

    Biogas yield (m3/day) 0.03-0.07 0.24-0.30 0.40-1.2 0.07-1.10

    Energy yield (MJ/day) 0.6-1.7 4.8-6.6 8-24 13

    Humans
    (inc. cooking wastes)

    Pigs Cattle Poultry (x100 birds)

    * Source: http://www.fao.org/docrep/010/ah810e/AH810E13.htm
    10/14/2009 12

    Principal operating parameters for farm biogas digesters

    Operating temperature Retention time Loading rate (volatile solids) Operating moisture content Specific gas production Feedstock carbon/nitrogen ratio

    30-35 C 20-40 days 2-3 kg/m3 per day 85-95% 0.1-0.7 m3/kg per day 20-30

    * Source: http://www.fao.org/docrep/010/ah810e/AH810E13.htm
    10/14/2009 13

    Anaerobic digester with HDPE type

    10/14/2009

    14

    Anaerobic digester with HDPE type

    10/14/2009

    15

    Biogas equivalent Calorific value

    but
    10/14/2009 16

    Biogas Composition and properties

    Bio-gas composition: CH4(50-75%), CO2(25-40%) , N2(0-10%), H2S(0-3%), gaseous H2O CH4: Octane number ~ 120 / 91-99 (gasoline) Adiabatic temp.: 2457K / 2270K (gasoline) Auto-ignition temp.: 813K / ~773K (gasoline) A/F 17.3:1 / 14.5:1 (gasoline) leaner mixture
    10/14/2009 17

    Current status of biogas use in the world


    International: Germany, India, Japan, China, Thailand,

    Biogas is used as an ecologically friendly and future oriented technology in many countries. Photo: KRIEG
    10/14/2009 18

    Current status of biogas use in Vietnam


    Domestic (Vietnam) (2003-present): Ha Noi, Thai Nguyen, Hai Duong, Bac Ninh, Lang Son, Hoa Binh, Nghe An, Hue, Binh Dinh, Dak-Lak, Dong Nai, Tien Giang, Binh Duong,

    In Vietnam, however, the capacity of biogas use is not highly effective; mostly for lighting, cooking, fruit warming, In Binh Duong Prov., big demand to use biogas generated from pig farming.

    Potential capacity for industrial application and transportation


    (where the price of conventional fuels becomes more expensive)
    10/14/2009 19

    Some studies related to biogas use

    10/14/2009

    20

    Power generation system using biogas


    Manure + water Manure + water Manure + water after fermentation

    Piggery

    Collecting system

    Refinery Inlet system


    Manure + water

    Digester
    Raw biogas

    Fertilizer

    Refinery system
    Clean biogas

    Water outlet

    Scope of research topic

    Power Gen-set

    Electric system

    10/14/2009

    21

    Theoretical and experimental researches in Dept of AE, HCMUT

    10/14/2009

    22

    Theoretical and experimental researches in Dept of AE, HCMUT

    10/14/2009

    23

    Theoretical and experimental researches in Dept of AE, HCMUT

    10/14/2009

    24

    Some pictures of local survey (1)


    Because of local demand, a local survey was done at DOST of Binh Duong prov. and Gia Nam farm at May 07, 2009
    Biogas digester Distribution of biogas

    Output of digester

    Storage tanks

    10/14/2009

    25

    Some pictures of local survey (2)


    Distribution problem Storage problem

    Filtering problem

    Stable output

    10/14/2009

    26

    Existing problems of local survey

    1. Filtering and treating systems of bio-gas 2. Effect of biogas on IC engine when using bio-gas as a fuel 3. Output frequency of power generator 4. Bio-gas storage tanks

    10/14/2009

    27

    Proposed approaches to the problem


    (1) To remove CO2 and the poisonous components in biogas an approach of chemical treatment will be proposed
    Raw biogas Fe sludge NaOH Clean biogas Camphor

    Activated carbon for H2S absorption

    10/14/2009

    28

    Schematic of removing CO2 and other poisonous gases


    CH4, CO2, H2S, N2, NaOH

    Fe2O3, FeO

    Activated carbon for H2S absorption


    Camphor

    Clean biogas with small CO2, O2, N2,


    10/14/2009 29

    Progress of research

    10/14/2009

    30

    Total view of power generation system

    Generator SI engines

    10/14/2009

    31

    Control panel of power generation system

    10/14/2009

    32

    Biogas supply system

    Mixer

    10/14/2009

    33

    Design of proper biogas mixer

    Biogas mixer

    CFD to develop mixer


    10/14/2009 34

    Design of biogas refining system

    Pressure sensors and indicators


    10/14/2009 35

    Experimental design for engine exam

    10/14/2009

    36

    Biogas storage system for further application?

    10/14/2009

    37

    Comparative estimation of electric consumption at Gia Nam company

    Item National Electric System (NES) Biogas Electric System (BES) (80 kW x 20h /days x 30 days)

    Kw/months VND/kW* 29,500 1,050

    VND 30,975,000

    Remark 100% NES is replaced effectively by BES

    48,000

    1,050

    50,400,000

    *Electric fee paid by company: 1,050 VND/ kW


    Source: Report of GIA NAM COMPANY ltd.

    10/14/2009

    38

    Preparation for publications


    Domestic conference: 01 paper will be presented in Conference of Science & Technology, HCMUT, 21-23 October, 2009. International conference: 01 (N/A) Conference: 01 paper with student as 1st author

    10/14/2009

    39

    11th Conference of Science & Technology

    10/14/2009

    40

    Expected results

    1. Treatment of manure from pig farm is ensure to develop the socioeconomic. Also this is to protect the environmental air, land, water. 2. Binh Duong province has the specific plan (to 2020) to grow up the quantity of farm. This is to promote the local development via use of bio-fuels (waste/free sources of renewable fuels) 3. Proposed model of HDPE is proper to use because of low initial price, simple structure, and free material/resource for digesters. 4. CAST (TTUDTBKH&CN) has planed to contribute to farms/company and to expand the results of research in order to use effectively the bio-fuels for agricultural purposes and rural means.

    10/14/2009

    41

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