Art of Problem Solving

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ChemWOOT Diagnostic Exam Solutions

Below are the solutions for the Diagnostic Exam for Art of Problem Solvings ChemWOOT program. Heres how to interpret your results: 1620 questions correct: You are very well-prepared for ChemWOOT. We hope to see you in class! 1215 questions correct: Youll need to work extra diligently to keep up if you enroll in ChemWOOT. Be sure to review the questions you got wrong, and read the appropriate sections of your textbook. 011 questions correct: ChemWOOT is probably not for you at this stage. Question 1 (c) 12 C10 H12 O4 S(s) + 12 O2 (g) 10 CO2 (g) + SO2 (g) + 6 H2 O(g) Question 2 (a) 6
2 6 H+ (aq) + 2 MnO 2 Mn2+ (aq) + 5 SO2 4 (aq) + 5 SO3 (aq) 4 (aq) + 3 H2 O(g)

Manganese goes from oxidation state (VII) to (II) - a 5 electron dierence, whereas sulfur goes from oxidation state (IV) to (VI) - a 2 electron dierence. This determines the ratio of manganese species to sulfur species, and the rest is bookkeeping. Question 3 (d) 3.01 1023 No mass is lost during polymerization, so 14 grams corresponds to 0.50 moles of ethylene. Multiplying by 23 molecules ), we get 3.01 1023 molecules. Avogadros number ( 6.0210 1 mole Question 4 (b) 6.04 L 6 g Mg 1 mol Mg 1 mol H2 = 0.247 mol H2 24.3 g Mg 1 mol Mg

Using the ideal gas law, convert moles of gas into volume: V =
Latm (0.247 mol)(0.0821 mol nRT K )(298 K) = = 6.04 L P 1 atm

Art of Problem Solving

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ChemWOOT Diagnostic Exam Solutions

Question 5 (c) 2.06 L Volume is proportional to temperature and inversely proportional to pressure. Therefore, the new volume of the balloon is 283 K 1.00 atm 2.00 L = 2.06L 293 K 0.94 atm Question 6 (b)
0.80(0.0821)(393) 7.0

atm

Hydrogen gas is the limiting reagent in this reaction. 0.40 mol of H2 will react with 0.20 mol of O2 to form 0.40 mol of H2 O. After the reaction goes to completion, there are 0.40 mol of O2 remaining and 0.40 mol of H2 O produced, for a total of 0.80 mol of gas. Remembering to convert 120 C to 393 K, (b) is the correct ideal gas law expression. Question 7 (a) H2 S PH3 has one electron pair, and the other three choices all have zero electron pairs on the central atom. Question 8 (b) III only Xenon trioxide has three ligands and a lone pair, and is thus trigonal pyramidal. Carbon tetrachloride has four ligands and is tetrahedral. Boron trichloride has three ligands, and is trigonal planar. Question 9
1 ) (c) (5,1,1, 2

Indium has three valence electrons: two 5s electrons and one 5p electron. A p-orbital has quantum number l = 1, and there is the additional restriction |ml | l. Question 10 (d) Si The rst four ionization energies (IE) steadily increase, but the fth IE is much larger than the fourth. This hints that the fth electron must have come from a dierent energy level; therefore there must have been four valence electrons. Silicon is the only choice with four valence electrons. Question 11 (a) The melting point of NaCl (808 C) is higher than the melting point of sugar (186 C). The melting point is a direct measurement of how much thermal energy is required to break a lattice held together by ionic bonds or hydrogen bonds. The higher melting point of NaCl as compared to sugar provides evidence that ionic bonds are stronger than hydrogen bonds.

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ChemWOOT Diagnostic Exam Solutions

Question 12 (d) CaCl2 The goal of adding salt to ice is to lower the freezing point of ice so that it will melt at a lower temperature. Colligative eects such as freezing point depression and boiling point elevation occur proportionally to the number of ions generated in solution. Each substance has a dierent molar mass, and additionally, can 3 2 2 1 generate dierent numbers of ions in solution. 111 > 101 103 > 180 , so calcium chloride is the clear winner. Question 13 (b) 8 days
1 If only 6.25 percent of the original material remains, this corresponds to four half lives. ( 2 4 = 0.0625). Thus, each half life must be 8 days.

Question 14 (c) Rate = k [NO][O2 ]2 Comparing the rst and third experiments, we see that a fourfold increase in [NO] corresponds to a fourfold increase in rate. Therefore, the reaction is rst order in [NO]. Comparing the rst and second experiments, we see that twofold increase of [NO] and fourfold increase of [O2 ] corresponds to a 32-fold increase in rate. Compensating for NO, we see that the reaction must be second order in [O2 ]. Question 15 (c) 80.0 mL To neutralize exactly, the quantity of base must balance the quantity of acid. There are (50.0 mL)(0.240 M) = mmol 12 mmol of calcium hydroxide, or 24 mmol hydroxide. We would need 24 0.300 M = 80 mL of monoprotic acid to match the hydroxide. Question 16 (a)
(0.30)2 (0.45)(0.10)2

According to stoichiometry, 0.60 moles of CO and 0.30 moles of O2 must have been consumed as the system reached equilibrium. This leaves us with 0.20 moles of CO, 0.90 moles of O2 , and 0.60 moles of CO2 . Convert to concentrations to get the nal expression: Kc = [CO2 ]2 (0.30)2 = [O2 ][CO]2 (0.45)(0.10)2

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ChemWOOT Diagnostic Exam Solutions

Question 17 (d) 2 109 Assuming that the majority of HCN stays undissociated, let x = [H+ ] = [CN ] be the amount of dissociation. We have [H+ ][CN ] x2 x2 Ka = = [HCN] 0.05 x 0.05 Solving for x gives: x= so [OH ] = Question 18 (e) Let x be the molar solubility. Then, dissolving x M of Ag2 CO3 will produce 2x M of Ag+ and x M of CO2 3 . The solubility product is
2 3 Ksp = [Ag+ ]2 [CO2 3 ] = (2x) x = 4x

Ka 0.05 = 5 106 = [H+ ] Kw = 2 109 [H+ ]

so x= Question 19 (b) G, H , S are all negative By denition, spontaneous means that G is negative. Since G = H T S , if the reaction becomes nonspontaneous at higher T , then it must be true that S is negative. But since the reaction is spontaneous at room temperature, H must be negative as well. Question 20 (c) I and II only We know that S, G < 0. As in question 19, this implies that H < 0. Another way of saying that a reaction is spontaneous is that the products are favored, so the protein is predominantly folded. Finally, thermodynamics says nothing about kinetics, so we cannot conclude anything about rate of the reaction.
3

2 1012