Rhinoceros

NURBS modeling for Windows

Version 2.0 Upgrade Guide

R H I N O C E R O S

Rhinoceros Version 2.0 Upgrade Guide

Copyright 1993 - 2001 Robert McNeel & Associates. All rights reserved. Printed in U.S.A. Rhinoceros is a registered trademark and Rhino is a trademark of Robert McNeel & Associates. All brand or product names are registered trademarks or trademarks of their respective holders. License Agreement By installing, copying, or otherwise using Rhinoceros, you agree to be bound by the terms of the following END USER LICENSE AGREEMENT. If you do not agree to the terms of this END USER LICENSE AGREEMENT, do not install or use Rhinoceros; you may, however, return it to your place of purchase for a full refund. This Robert McNeel & Associates End-User License Agreement is a legal agreement between you (either an individual or a single entity) and Robert McNeel & Associates for the Robert McNeel & Associates software product identified above, which includes computer software and may include associated media, printed materials, and online or electronic documentation. Rhinoceros (Rhino) is owned by TLM, Inc. d.b.a. Robert McNeel & Associates. Rhinoceros is protected by copyright laws and international copyright treaties, as well as other intellectual property laws and treaties. Rhinoceros is licensed, not sold. Therefore, you must treat this Software just like a book or any other copyrighted material (e.g., recordings or film). You may make archival copies of the Software. You may not distribute any portion of the Software or materials accompanying the Software. Robert McNeel & Associates grants you the non-exclusive license to use one copy of the Software as long as you comply with the terms of this END USER LICENSE AGREEMENT. No more than one person may use the Software at any one time. You may freely move the Software from one computer or location so long as there is no chance of the Software being used simultaneously at more than one location. Robert McNeel & Associates makes no warranty, including but not limited to any implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose, regarding the Software or accompanying materials. The Software and accompanying materials are provided solely on an as-is basis. In no event shall Robert McNeel & Associates be liable to any special, collateral, incidental, or consequential damages in connection with or arising out of the purchase or use of the Software and accompanying materials. This agreement is governed by the laws of the State of Washington, USA.

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Table of Contents
1 Introduction ................................................................................1 What's New Help Topic Rhino On the Web On Your Rhino CD 1 2 2

Whats New in Rhino 2.0...................................................................3 2 Version 2.0 Overview.................................................................5 Plug-ins Available New Lights Workgroup License Manager Context Menu Object Selection Object Snap Cursor Tag Groups Units Import and Export Formats Multiple Workspace Support VBScript and JScript Support 3 5 6 6 6 6 7 7 7 7 7 8

Shading and Rendering.............................................................9 Flamingo Rendering Plug-in Lights Render Material Properties Render Settings Saved in Model Set Wire Color by Object or Layer Lights Export to RIB and POV-Ray Color and Transparency Display 9 10 11 12 12 12 13

Productivity Enhancements....................................................15 Groups Units Settings Multiple Workspaces Context-Sensitive Menu Object Selection Alt Key Functions 15 16 16 17 18 20

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Point Filters VBScript and JScript Support Construction Plane / World Coordinates Display Curve Seam and Direction Matching Document Properties / Options Settings Handlebar Surface Editing Material Assignment by Layer Object Snaps Paste Improved Command Scripting View and Construction Plane Workgroup License Manager (The Zoo) 5

21 21 21 22 22 24 24 25 27 27 30 32

Geometry Creation and Editing Tools....................................35 ArrayCrvOnSrf EndBulgeSrf Insert MoveUVN OrientCrvToEdge PerspectiveMatch PlaneThroughPt PointCloudSection RemoveMultiKnotSrf 35 36 36 36 37 37 37 38 38

Command Improvements ........................................................39 BlendSrf Tangent Continuity Circle Style Commands Accept 3-D Points CircleTTT Enhancements Conic Tangent Option Curvature Graph Displays on Surfaces ChamferSrf Distance Entry Contour and Section Work on Meshes Dir Changes DWG/DXF Export Color by Object EllipseD Uses Diameter Mode for Second Axis EMap Blends with Render Color Explode Meshes ExtendSrf Extension Type Toggle 39 39 40 40 41 41 41 42 43 43 43 44 44

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ExtractIsoparm Displays Draft Angle FitCrv Degree Option InsertKnot Shows Existing Knots Join Works on All Object Types Loft Tangency Controls Make2D Dimensions Match Surface Edge Option MergeSrf Smoothing Control NetworkSrf Interface Change OBJ Export PackTextures on Detailed Mesh Settings PictureFrame Draws Parallel to Construction Plane RailRevolve Height and Direction Controls Scale1D Constrained to One Direction Split Allows Limited Multiple Select Sweep1 Follow Edge Option Sweep2 Edge Continuity Control Text Uses Unicode Fonts Untrim and DetachTrim Behavior 7

44 44 44 44 45 46 46 46 47 47 47 48 48 50 50 51 52 53 53

File and Device Support ..........................................................55 Rhino Version 2.0 File Format New Import and Export Formats Import and Export Enhancements SpaceBall and SpaceMouse Support 55 56 56 57

Index .........................................................................................58

Introduction

This guide includes information about the new features in Rhinoceros Version 1.1 and Version 2.0. It is a companion to the Rhinoceros Users Guide. Review this guide to familiarize yourself with the changes that have been made to Rhino since Version 1.0 was released. This book has two parts: Whats New in Version 2.0 Whats New in Version 1.1

Part I includes changes made for Version 2.0 since the release of Rhino Version 1.1. Changes listed in this part may supercede changes described in Part II. Part II includes changes made for Version 1.1. If you are using Rhino Version 1.1, Part II is the same as the Upgrade Guide that came with the program upgrade. Some information in Part II may have changed for Version 2.0.

What's New Help Topic

In addition to this guide, the Rhino Help file has up-todate information about command changes and new options and functions. In addition to details of changes, the What's New Help topics also contain information about changes made after this guide was printed.

R H I N O C E R O S

Rhino On the Web

For news, tutorials, support, training, links to newsgroup archives, galleries, information about Rhino, visit www.rhino3d.com.

On Your Rhino CD
Your Rhino 2.0 CD includes the Rhino program, an online Getting Started guide, gallery images, and the Rhinoceros Level 1 and Level 2 Training Guides in PDF format with example files.

Whats New in Rhino 2.0

Modeled in Rhino, rendered in Flamingo by Cafer J and Scott Davidson.

Version 2.0 Overview

Rhinoceros 2.0 includes many enhancements and refinements including new modeling and editing commands and options, new import and export file formats, a software developer kit for plug-in applications, scripting, and the Workgroup License Manager. Part I of this guide deals with the changes made to Rhino for Version 2.0. Changes listed here may supercede changes described in Part II.

This chapter lists a few of the highlights. Subsequent chapters give you more detail, and the Rhino Help file has complete information about the new features.

Plug-ins Available
The main focus of Version 2.0 is the ability to add plug-in applications to Rhino. Plug-in programs add functionality to Rhino. This functionality can range from a free program that adds very simple selection commands to complicated programs that add rendering, mathematical functions, or even a specialized interface to Rhino. See www.rhino3d.com for an up-to-date list of plug-ins available for free download or purchase. The first major plug-in is Flamingo, Raytrace and Radiosity Rendering in Rhino. Flamingo creates stunning, life-like images from your Rhino models. Flamingo uses raytracing and radiosity technologies to create high quality, photo-realistic, still and animation image files from 3-D models inside Rhinoceros.

V E R S I O N

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New Lights
To support rendering plug-ins, directional and point lights and better controls for adjusting spotlights have been added.

Workgroup License Manager

The Workgroup License Manager lets you install Rhino CD keys on a network server and lets the available Rhino licenses float.

Context Menu
Right-click and hold in a viewport to display a contextsensitive menu. If an object is selected, actions related to the object appears in the menu. If no object is selected, actions related to the viewport appear in the menu.

Object Selection
The new method for choosing between multiple objects pops up a menu at the cursor location with potential objects to select on the list. As you move your cursor down the list, the object and its name in the list highlight. You can also click the left mouse button in place to cycle through the objects and then click the right mouse button to select the one you want.

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Object Snap Cursor Tag

When you snap to objects, the active object snap displays at the cursor.

Groups
Rhino supports groups with commands to group objects, add objects to groups, remove objects from groups, and name groups.

Units
You can enter distances using any of the Rhino unit measurements including fractions and custom units. You can mix decimal and feet and inches units. You can mix fractional (1/2, 37-1/8, 1-1/2 cm) and decimal input (2.6, 4 cm, 4-1/2 m, 5.8 mm).

Import and Export Formats

Rhino Version 2.0 has new and improved import and export types. Rhino 2.0 now also supports: GHS export SLC export Viewpoint Experience Technology (formerly Metastream) export New IGES types STEP import and export VDA import and export

Multiple Workspace Support

The Toolbar command (Tools > Toolbar layout) allows multiple toolbar workspaces in one session of Rhino.

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VBScript and JScript Support

A new plug-in runs VBScript and JScript scripts. For details, go to www.rhino3d.com/scripting.

Shading and Rendering

Rhino Version 2.0 allows plug-in applications. The first rendering application is Flamingo, Raytrace and Radiosity Rendering in Rhino.

Sunglasses modeled in Rhino, rendered in Flamingo by Cafer J.

Flamingo Rendering Plug-in

Flamingo creates stunning, life-like images from your Rhino models. Flamingo uses raytracing and radiosity technologies to create high quality, photo-realistic still, and animation image files from 3-D models inside Rhinoceros. You can apply Flamingo materials to layers or objects. Rendering properties include backgrounds, sunlight, sky color, clouds, haze, ground plane, plants, depth of field, soft shadows, and accurate reflections and refraction. See www.flamingo3d.com for more details.

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Lights
Rhino has new light types: directional and point. There are interactive controls for spotlights. Directional Light The DirectionalLight command (Render > Create Directional light) inserts a directional light in a model. A directional light creates a parallel light beam that lights toward the chosen direction throughout the model. Directional lights have no specific origin point, but only a direction.

The directional light icon.

Point Light The PointLight command (Render > Create Point light) inserts a point light in a model. The light emits from a point light in all directions.

The point light icon.

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Spotlight The Spotlight command (Render > Create Spotlight) has been improved. You can turn control points on to change the beam and hotspot angle, direction, and size of the light.

The new spotlight icon with points on.

Light Properties You can modify light properties such as intensity and shadows using the Properties dialog box, Light tab.

Light property settings.

Render Material Properties

Rhino now uses the concept of materials for rendering. Rendering materials can be applied by layer or as object properties. Object properties override layer assignments. In addition a rendering plug-in can add its own material assignments.

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Materials are assigned from the Properties dialog box Material tab.

Rhino Material tab.

New settings for the Rhino Basic renderer include two Reflective Finish shortcut buttons: Metallic and Plastic. The Metallic button sets the Reflective Finish color to match the base material color. The Plastic button sets the Reflective Finish color to white.

Render Settings Saved in Model

Render settings are saved in the model, not as global settings. This allows different settings for each model.

Set Wire Color by Object or Layer

The wireframe display color of an object can be set as an object property. This overrides the layer color. The Rhino Shade command (Render > Shade) uses this color for shading if Use wireframe color for objects is set in the Options dialog box, Shade tab.

Lights Export to RIB and POV-Ray

Point and directional lights export to RIB files. Point lights export to POV-Ray.

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Color and Transparency Display

The RenderPreview command displays specular color. The specular highlights in the Rhino renderer match the way they are calculated in RenderPreview (OpenGL). This makes it possible to simulate rubber and matte plastic. When using the Render command (Render > Render), transparent objects can be illuminated from either side.

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Productivity Enhancements
Productivity enhancements in Rhino Version 2.0 include groups, custom units, multiple workspaces, contextsensitive menus, new object selection aids, point filters, VBScript and JScript, expanded document properties and options, and the Workgroup License Manager.

Groups
Rhino 2.0 supports groups. Use the Group command (Edit > Group) to group objects for selection (Shortcut: Ctrl+G). Use the Ungroup (Edit > Ungroup) command to destroy the group (Shortcut: Ctrl+U). The groups are automatically assigned names. Groups can be nested. The SetGroupName command renames and combines groups.
AddToGroup and RemoveFromGroup commands add and remove objects from groups.

The SelGroup command selects groups by name.

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Units Settings
You can enter distances and coordinates using any of the Rhino unit measurements including feet and inches and fractions. You can mix fractional (1/2, 37-1/8, 1-1/2 cm) and decimal input (2.6, 4 cm, 4-1/2 m, 5.8 mm). Feet and inches and fractional modes display on the status bar and in the Length (Analyze > Length) and Distance (Analyze > Distance) commands. Example units: microns, millimeters, centimeters, meters, kilometers, micro-inches, mils, inches, feet, miles. Custom Units You can set custom units as a ratio of the units to meters.

Multiple Workspaces
You can have multiple toolbar layouts open in your Rhino session. This makes it possible for plug-in applications to have their own toolbar set. A new Toolbar dialog box for creating and manipulating toolbar layouts has menus and right-click support for adding buttons and new toolbars, importing and deleting toolbars, and editing toolbar properties. You can add buttons to toolbars by right-clicking the toolbar title.

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Context-Sensitive Menu
When no command is active, right-click and hold displays a context-sensitive menu. If an object is selected, actions related to objects appear in the menu. The cursor changes to indicate you can either release the button to access the menu, or drag to manipulate the view.

Context-sensitive menu with object selected.

If no object is selected, actions related to viewport properties appear in the menu.

Context-sensitive menu in viewport.

The first item is always to repeat the last command. You can repeat the last command using a double right-click. You can make the context menu appear instantly by turning off the delay. In the Options dialog box, General tab, clear the Delayed context menus check box.

Context menu delay setting.

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Object Selection
Several new selection commands and methods are available in Version 2.0 including new selection commands, a new selection menu for objects near the pick point, and shaded mode selection. Selection Menu A new method for choosing between multiple objects is used in Version 2.0. When several objects are very close to the cursor location, the Selection menu appears at the cursor location with potential objects to select on the list. As you move your cursor down the list, the object and its name in the list highlight. You can also click the left mouse button in place to cycle through the objects and then click the right mouse button to select the one you want.

Selection menu.

If both a curve and a surface edge are located at the cursor location, the selection highlight shows edge hairs on surface edges, so you can distinguish surface edges from curves.

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Surface edge indicator.

New Selection Commands The SelPrev command (Edit > Select > Previous Selection) reselects the previous selection set. The SelLast command selects the last object created. The SelID command selects objects by object ID number. This is useful for scripting. Shaded Mode Selection If you are using a shaded viewport, you can click on either an isoparm or on a shaded surface to select it. Objects will always be selected if you click on its edge or isoparm, but if no wireframe object is found at the cursor, a shaded surface is selected. If there are several objects behind each other in the view, the object closest to your viewpoint selects. Alt+Left Mouse Selection Press Alt+Left mouse button drag to force a window/crossing/combo selection. This is a shortcut for typing w or c to force a window or crossing selection. This is useful for preventing accidental object dragging when you are trying to make a window or crossing selection. Set the style in the Options dialog box, General tab, Mouse Group Select.

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Group select method setting.

Drag Objects Instantly A new setting controls whether objects need to be selected first to be able to drag them. This is meant to help people who are troubled by accidentally dragging objects when they are trying to select them. In the Options dialog box, on the General tab, check the Drag selected objects only box to turn off instant dragging. You can also set the number of pixels the cursor must drag before object or point dragging moves the object.

Drag settings.

Invert Point Selection The InvertPts command inverts the selection status of points on objects with points turned on.

Alt Key Functions

Alt

Disables or enables object snaps. Press the Alt key to temporarily toggle the enabled/disabled state of object snaps. Press Alt to suspend Polyline/Curve/InterpCrv Autoclose. This lets you pick close to the beginning point of the curve without automatically closing the curve.

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Alt+drag left mouse

Press Alt+Left mouse button drag to force a window/crossing/combo selection. Set the style in the Options dialog box, General tab, Mouse Group Select. This affects the ability to copy objects by dragging. You must start dragging the objects first, and then hold the Alt key to copy the object.

Point Filters
Point filters extract individual x-, y-, and z-coordinate values from different points to create a new, composite point. This lets you use the x-coordinate of one object and the y-coordinate of another to establish a third point. See Rhino Help for more information.

VBScript and JScript Support

VBScript and JScript are supported. Example scripts are

included with Rhino 2.0. For details, go to www.rhino3d.com/scripting.

Construction Plane / World Coordinates Display

A pane is added to the status bar that lets you click to toggle the display between construction plane and world coordinates. This toggle affects the display only not the entry of typed coordinates. Construction plane coordinate display. World coordinate display.

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Curve Seam and Direction Matching

Automatic closed curve/edge seam and direction matching now works in the BlendSrf (Surface > Blend), MatchSrf (Surface > Edit Tools > Match), CrvSeam (Curve > Edit Tools > Adjust Closed Curve Seam), and Divide (Curve > Point Object > Divide Curve by > Number of Segments) commands. The behavior is identical to automatic seam and direction matching in the Loft command (Surface > Loft). An additional feature in closed curve seam and direction matching lets you flip the direction by clicking the arrowhead direction indicator. Real-time feedback indicates when clicking will flip the direction. This affects the Loft (Surface > Loft), Sweep1 (Surface > Sweep 1 Rail), Sweep2 (Surface > Sweep 2 Rails), BlendSrf (Surface > Blend), CrvSeam (Curve > Edit Tools > Adjust Closed Curve Seam), MatchSrf (Surface > Edit Tools > Match), and Divide (Curve > Point Object > Divide Curve by > Number of Segments) commands. This makes the FlipDirection option virtually obsolete.

Document Properties / Options Settings

Settings from the Options dialog box have been divided into Document Properties and Options. Properties that are stored with the model are set in the Document Properties dialog box accessible from the File menu. The Document Properties dialog box contains modelspecific settings: Render, Render Mesh, Units, Dimensions, Grid, Notes, and Summary tabs. The Render tab depends on your current rendering program. Rhino global properties are set in the Options dialog box accessible from the Tools menu. The Options dialog box controls global settings. The dialog box displays the General, Shade, Files, Modeling Aids, Appearance, Keyboard (formerly Shortcut Keys), Aliases, and View tabs. Buttons at the bottom of the Document Properties and Options dialog boxes switch between the two.

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In addition, some of the controls have new labels or have moved to the Document Properties dialog box.
Tab Rhino Render Change Moved to Document Properties. When another renderer is loaded, this tab is replaced by a tab with render properties set by that application. Resolution, Custom Labeled Custom with Width and Height edit boxes. Antialiasing Normal is labeled Normal and Slower. Best is labeled Best and Slowest. Shadows Normal is labeled Normal and Slower. Best is labeled Best and Slowest. Moved to Document Properties, Render Mesh tab. Moved to Document Properties. Moved to Document Properties. Moved to Document Properties. Additional controls have been added for display settings (decimal, fractional, feet/inch). A font preview has been added. Color buttons are grouped by function and separated with dividers. Controls for new layer and locked objects color have been added. Renamed to Keyboard tab.

Render Mesh Grid Units Dimensions

Appearance

Shortcut Keys

New Document Properties Dialog Box Tabs

Notes

In the Document Properties dialog box, the Notes tab shows same notes as the Notes command (File > Notes).
Summary

In the Document Properties dialog box, the Summary tab shows summary information about the model similar to what is shown when you list file properties in Windows Explorer.

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Handlebar Surface Editing

The HBar command (Edit > Point Editing > Handlebar editor) for surface editing uses view-based dragging for editing the handles. You can make accurate and controlled changes to the surface shape using the handles.

HBar control.

Material Assignment by Layer

The Material assignment for layers is handled with a column. Click the column to assign a render material to the layer.

Layer material column.

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Object Snaps
When you snap to objects, the active object snap is labeled.

Object snap label, white on black.

Set the label display in the Options dialog box, Modeling Aids tab. Under Dynamic object snap display, choose Black on white, White on black, or None.

Dynamic object snap settings.

Disable Object Snaps Setting You can disable object snaps in the Options dialog box, on the Modeling Aids tab. Check the Disable object snap box to turn the object snaps off temporarily. This is the same clicking the Osnap pane in the status bar to open the Osnap dialog box and then checking the Disable box.

Object snap settings.

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From Object Snap Change You can use the From object snap for the second pick in commands like Plane (Surface > Rectangle > Corner to Corner), Rectangle (Curve > Rectangle > Corner to Corner), and Box (Solid > Box > Corner to Corner, Height). The From object snap used to only work when the 3-D point input was not constrained in any way. Now it also works when the input is constrained parallel to a construction plane. The From object snap is a one-time object snap that available from the Tools menu. Snap to Locked Objects or Layers The SnapToLocked command toggles the ability to snap to locked objects and objects on locked layers. In the Options dialog box, on General tab, check the Snap to locked objects box.

Snap to locked objects setting.

Isoparm Intersection Snap Snapping to isoparm intersections is supported. It works with Int object snap whenever the input is constrained to a surface, for example, with the ExtractIsoparm (Curve > From Objects > Extract Isoparm), InsertKnot (Edit > Point Editing > Insert Knot), OrientOnSrf (Transform > Orient > On Surface), commands and with the OnSrf object snap. Isoparm object snapping is weaker than normal object snaps. The normal object snaps are evaluated first, and if they find nothing to snap to, Rhino snaps to the isoparm intersections.

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Paste Improved
The CommandPaste command (Tools > Commands > Paste From Clipboard) has been included in the Paste function. If there is a Rhino model in the Clipboard, it is pasted. If there is text in the Clipboard, it is pasted to the command line as a command script. The CommandPaste command is still needed when pasting options for a command.

Command Scripting
Many commands have been changed to make them scriptable. ArrayCrv In a command script, you can pass the following options on the command line to the ArrayCrv command (Transform > Array > Along Curve).
Example: ArrayCrv [Number=n | Distance=n] Style=[Roadlike | Freeform]

You could pass either Number=n or Distance=n to choose the first radio button. The value would be the number/distance to array. The Style radio buttons are selected with the other option. This does not make the ArrayCrv command fully scriptable. Scripting ArrayCrv requires selecting two sets of objects and a construction plane, but you can pass the parameters from a script. BlendSrf You can pass the continuity parameter from a script.
Example: ! BlendSrf Continuity=Tangency

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DisplayBitmap You can script the DisplayBitmap command bypassing the Open dialog box. In commands that accept path names, surround paths that have spaces with quotes.
Example: Display c:\path\bitmap.jpg

ExtendSrf You can pass ExtendSrf Type=Smooth or Type=Linear from a script. Pause The Pause command can be added to scripts to allow user input such as selecting objects or entering command parameters. PictureFrame You can script the PictureFrame command, bypassing the
Open dialog box. Example: PictureFrame c:\path\bitmap.jpg 0,0 100,0

UndoMultiple/RedoMultiple The RedoMultiple command (Edit > Redo Multiple) accepts a command line option to set the number of steps. This makes this command similar to the UndoMultiple command (Edit > Undo Multiple) and both are fully scriptable.
To undo the last 10 steps: ! UndoMultiple steps=10 To redo the last 10 undone steps: ! RedoMultiple steps=10

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ScaleNU The ScaleNU command (Transform > Scale > Non-Uniform Scale) has a WorldCoordinates option. This makes it possible to match the scale directions to the world coordinate axes. With this addition, it is possible to make construction plane and world-based macros to accomplish what the SetPt command does.
Set points to match construction plane x: ! ScaleNU Pause Pause 0 1 1 Set points to match world z: ! ScaleNU Pause WorldCoordinates Pause 1 1 0

Select Commands You can use the following selection commands to select objects after a command is started and in scripts.
SelAll SelCrv SelDim SelGroup SelID SelLast SelLayer SelLight SelMesh SelName SelPrev SelPolyline SelPolysrf SelPt SelSrf

SetCurrentRenderPlugIn The SetCurrentRenderPlugIn command sets the current render plug-in by passing the name that appears in the menu or the plug-in ID.

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SetObjectMaterialProperties The SetObjectMaterialProperties command is a command line version of the object properties material tab. It sets the material source and attributes including render plug-in ID. This provides the ability to create/modify and assign Rhino or Flamingo materials via scripts. Viewport Rectangle Commands You can script commands like ZoomWindow (View > Zoom > Window), PictureFrame, SelCrossing, and SelWindow that make a rectangle in a viewport. Viewport Redraw The SetRedrawOff command prevents screen redraws and display of construction plane or camera changes. The SetRedrawOn command restores normal display.

View and Construction Plane

Camera-based View Manipulation These commands all pan the camera: the camera stays in a fixed position but points in different directions. They use the settings from the Rotate section of the Options dialog box View tab to control what axis is rotated about and which way things move when you press an arrow key.
RotateCamera RotateCameraLeft RotateCameraRight RotateCameraUp RotateCameraDown

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Interactive Camera and Target The ShowCamera command toggles a representation of the view and camera position of the current perspective viewport appears in the other viewports. You can drag the camera control points to interactively set the camera view.

ShowCamera control.

PlaceCameraTarget and PlaceTarget The PlaceCameraTarget and PlaceTarget commands work with relative coordinates. Lens Length Shortcut The key combination Ctrl+Shift+Alt + Right mouse button drag causes the camera lens length to change. This zooms in and out like a zoom lens on the camera without changing the camera or target position. Dynamic Zoom The ZoomDynamic command (View > Zoom > Dynamic), Ctrl + Right mouse button zoom, and the mouse wheel zoom towards and away from the cursor location in both parallel and perspective viewports. This used to work only in parallel views. In perspective views, the movement formerly was towards and away from the target point.

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ZoomPrev and ZoomNext The ZoomPrev (View > Undo View Change) and ZoomNext (View > Redo View Change) commands (Home and End keys) restore views that were set using named views. CPlanePrev and CPlaneNext The CPlanePrev (View > Set CPlane > Previous) and CPlaneNext (View > Set CPlane > Next) commands work with named construction planes and construction planes set by using named views.

Workgroup License Manager (The Zoo)

To expedite the installation process and allow more efficient use of Rhino and Flamingo licenses, network administrators now have the option of installing Rhino 2.0 or Flamingo as a workgroup node. Workgroup nodes obtain license keys at run time from the Zoo, unlike standalone Rhino or Flamingo, which requires that a license key be entered on each system. When a Rhino or Flamingo workgroup node starts, a request for a license key is sent to the Zoo. If the number of available keys has not been exceeded, the Zoo assigns a key to the workstation, and the number of available licenses is reduced by one. When a node shuts down, the license is added back to the available license pool. The Zoo will run on any system in a network workgroup. All of the nodes must be in the same workgroup. For details on setting up a workgroup, contact your network administrator. The Zoo is free of charge. Network administrators can download the Zoo from www.rhino3d.com/download. Features include: No special versions of Rhino or Flamingo are needed. Commercial versions of Rhino 2.0 or Flamingo will work either as a standalone license or as a network node. This is an installation option.

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Standalone Rhino licenses can easily be converted to network nodes and back. All the nodes will keep working even if the network connection or server is down, but no new ones can start up without access to the Zoo. The Zoo will run on any system in the workgroup. Very little administration is required. The CD keys are typed into the Zoo instead of on the individual system. A workgroup can have a mix of nodes and standalone licenses. Rhino licenses can be checked out so laptop users can disconnect from the network. The license can be checked in again when the laptop is reconnected to the network.

33

Geometry Creation and Editing Tools

ArrayCrvOnSrf
The ArrayCrvOnSrf command orients objects along a curve on a surface.

ArrayCrvOnSrf.

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G E O M E T R Y

C R E A T I O N

A N D

E D I T I N G

T O O L S

EndBulgeSrf
The EndBulgeSrf command edits the surface near the edge to help align with other surfaces.

EndBulgeSrf.

Insert
Use the Insert command to import a model with options to scale, rotate, and drag the objects as you insert them.

MoveUVN
The MoveUVN command lets you edit surface control points in the surface u, v, and normal direction, and supports uv smoothing.

MoveUVN control.

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G E O M E T R Y

C R E A T I O N

A N D

E D I T I N G

T O O L S

OrientCrvToEdge
The OrientCrvToEdge command copies and aligns curves tangent to the surface or touching a surface edge. This lets you create tangent surfaces with the Sweep1 command using the surface edge as the rail.

OrientCrvToEdge.

PerspectiveMatch
The PerspectiveMatch command lets you select points on an image placed with the Wallpaper command to match the perspective view. This matches the view of an existing scene to model objects. See the Rhino Help file for more details.

PlaneThroughPt
The PlaneThroughPt command fits a plane through selected points.

PlaneThroughPt.

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G E O M E T R Y

C R E A T I O N

A N D

E D I T I N G

T O O L S

PointCloudSection
The PointCloudSection command creates a section curve or polyline approximating a cloud of points intersecting a plane.

PointCloudSection.

RemoveMultiKnotSrf
The RemoveMultiKnotSrf command removes multiple, but not fully multiple knots from surfaces.

38

Command Improvements

BlendSrf Tangent Continuity

For the BlendSrf command the Degree=Cubic/Quintic toggle is changed to Continuity=Tangency/Curvature. The BlendSrf command now supports G1 blends and has options for specifying the blend sections and bulge factors. You can select a series of edges, all tangent edges at once, and undo the selection. You can place curves to control the cross section placement and use a slider to adjust the influence of the surface on the curve shape.

Circle Style Commands Accept 3-D Points

The Circle, Ellipse, Ellipsoid, Parabola, and Paraboloid commands accept 3-D input. The axes do not have to be created on the construction plane.

Ellipsoid with axes placed in 3-D.

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C O M M A N D

I M P R O V E M E N T S

CircleTTT Enhancements
The CircleTTT command works with all types of curves, has dynamic feedback, and finds the answer closest to the pick points. The CircleTTT command also makes it possible to draw the circle tangent to a curve and then through one or two points. You can define a fixed radius when Rhino prompts for the second tangent curve. It makes it possible to draw circles of fixed radius that are tangent to one curve and either go through a point, or are tangent to a second curve.

Conic Tangent Option

The Conic command has a Tangent option that makes a conic tangent to two existing curves.

Conic tangent to two curves.

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C O M M A N D

I M P R O V E M E N T S

Curvature Graph Displays on Surfaces

The CurvatureGraphOn command works on surface isoparms.

Curvature graph on a surface.

For the CurvatureGraphOn command the scale adjustment acceleration is less dramatic to make control easier.

ChamferSrf Distance Entry

The ChamferSrf command works just like the Chamfer command. You can enter the chamfer distances separated by a comma or type the first chamfer distance and then type the second.

Contour and Section Work on Meshes

The Contour and Section commands work on mesh objects.

Contours on mesh.

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C O M M A N D

I M P R O V E M E N T S

Dir Changes
Draft Angle Display The Dir command shows the draft angle for surfaces at the status bar. The draft angle is the angle of the surface normal in relation to the construction plane in the active view. If the surface is vertical, the draft angle is zero. The range is from -90 degrees to 90 degrees. Start Point Display The Dir command displays a point object at the start of the selected curve. This makes it easier to see the seam of closed curves and the start and end of open curves that look closed.

Point at curve start for Dir command.

Click to Flip The Dir command lets you click the arrow to flip the curve direction.

Click arrow base to flip the curve direction.

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I M P R O V E M E N T S

DWG/DXF Export Color by Object

Objects that have a color set by-object export the object color to DWG/DXF file format.

EllipseD Uses Diameter Mode for Second Axis

The EllipseD command works in diameter mode for defining the second ellipse axis too. The tracking line connects the axis endpoints, and typing a number defines the second diameter.

EllipseD.

EMap Blends with Render Color

The EMap command can blend the environment map image with the objects render color. This lets you have objects that look different using the same environment map.

Gray render color.

Gold, lavender and gray render colors.

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C O M M A N D

I M P R O V E M E N T S

Explode Meshes
You can use the Explode command on polygon meshes.

ExtendSrf Extension Type Toggle

The ExtendSrf command uses a toggle for the extension type between Smooth and Linear. Typing T toggles the extension mode. The default mode is Type=Smooth. By default this command does not create fully-multiple interior knots on surfaces.

ExtractIsoparm Displays Draft Angle

The ExtractIsoparm command displays draft angle at the status bar.

FitCrv Degree Option

The FitCrv command has a degree (FitDegree) option.

InsertKnot Shows Existing Knots

The InsertKnot command draws existing knot feedback on curves and surfaces identical to the RemoveKnot command.

Join Works on All Object Types

You can pre- and post-select all object types that can be joined: meshes, curves, surfaces, and polysurfaces. The Join command allows multiple surfaces to be selected for automatic joining. The JoinSrf command is obsolete.

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C O M M A N D

I M P R O V E M E N T S

Loft Tangency Controls

The Loft command has start and end tangency controls if the end curves are surface edges.

Loft curves include surface edges.

No tangency matching.

Match start tangency.

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C O M M A N D

I M P R O V E M E N T S

Match start and end tangency.

Make2D Dimensions
The Make2D command supports dimensions and text blocks.

Make2D with dimensions.

Match Surface Edge Option

A SurfaceEdge keyword toggle has been added to the Match command to toggle between matching surface edges and curves.

MergeSrf Smoothing Control

The MergeSrf command has a Roundness setting. This setting defines the roundness of the merge. In the MergeSrf command, you pick surface edges instead of surfaces. This gives you control when modeling symmetrical closed shapes that share two pairs of edges.

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C O M M A N D

I M P R O V E M E N T S

NetworkSrf Interface Change

The continuity settings in the NetworkSrf command have changed from combo boxes to radio buttons. This reduces the number of clicks required to change the continuity settings, and makes them visually compatible with the Match, MatchSrf and Sweep2 commands.

NetworkSrf edge matching.

OBJ Export
Material Definitions Exported Rhino exports material definitions and create an .MTL file with the same name as the .OBJ file. The .MTL file contains one material definition per object. There are also references to these materials added to the .OBJ file. Y-Up Option A Y Up option in .OBJ export translates the exported model from a z-up orientation to a y-up orientation.

PackTextures on Detailed Mesh Settings

A pack textures setting has been added to the Polygon Mesh Detailed Options (Detailed Controls) dialog box. Packed textures use one large bitmap to provide textures for multiple surfaces and meshes. Each surface using a packed texture gets its own sub-rectangle of the texture.

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C O M M A N D

I M P R O V E M E N T S

Packed textures.

Unpacked textures.

The Polygon Mesh Options (Simple Controls) dialog box always creates packed textures. The Polygon Mesh Detailed Options (Detailed Controls) dialog box lets you choose between having a packed texture or an unpacked texture.

PictureFrame Draws Parallel to Construction Plane

The PictureFrame command draws the frame parallel to the active construction plane. There is a Vertical option for drawing a frame perpendicular to the construction plane. The PictureFrame command sets the material source by object, overriding the layer setting, so it renders properly.

RailRevolve Height and Direction Controls

The RailRevolve command pays attention to the pick point when determining the path curve direction.

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I M P R O V E M E N T S

A ScaleHeight option maintains the vertical height of the profile curve with relation to the path curve.

RailRevolve without ScaleHeight.

RailRevolve with ScaleHeight.

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C O M M A N D

I M P R O V E M E N T S

Scale1D Constrained to One Direction

The Scale1D command is a true 1-D scale instead of a scale/shear combination. The second reference point is constrained to a line between the scale origin and the first reference point.

Scale1D in 1.1.

Scale1D in 2.0.

Split Allows Limited Multiple Select

The Split command lets you select multiple curves and surfaces to split with multiple objects. You can also select multiple polysurfaces to split with a single cutter.

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I M P R O V E M E N T S

Sweep1 Follow Edge Option

The Sweep1 command has a Follow edge option if the rail is a surface edge, which causes the shape to twist with the surface edge. If the shapes are tangent to the surface, the new surface will also be tangent.

Surface and profile curves.

Sweep 1 without Follow edge.

Sweep1 with Follow edge.

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C O M M A N D

I M P R O V E M E N T S

Sweep2 Edge Continuity Control

The Sweep2 command has controllable edge continuity if the rails are surface edges. Three radio buttons for each rail set the continuity to Position, Tangency, and Curvature.

Sweep2 profile curves. Rail curves are surface edges.

Sweep2 with no continuity.

Sweep2 with tangency match.

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I M P R O V E M E N T S

Sweep2 with curvature match.

Text Uses Unicode Fonts

The TextObject, Text, and dimensioning commands support Unicode fonts. This allows Japanese and other Unicode fonts to be used in creating text objects.

Text objects with Japanese font.

Untrim and DetachTrim Behavior

The Untrim and DetachTrim commands now remove geometry attached to hole boundaries. The Untrim command deletes the attached geometry and untrims the hole.

Untrim joined polysurfaces.

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C O M M A N D

I M P R O V E M E N T S

Untrim removes the hole and the attached geometry.

The DetachTrim command separates the attached geometry and untrims the hole, but leaves the detached geometry in place.

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File and Device Support

Rhino Version 2.0 File Format

Saving version 1 files from Rhino 2 The Rhino Version 2 file format is changed so that some Rhino 2 settings are not saved to the Rhino 1.0/1.1 file format. If you save as a 1.0/1.1 file from Rhino 2, the following information is lost: render meshes analysis meshes shaded viewport mode render lights (directional and point lights) render materials object color Loading 1.x files into Rhino 2.0 If you load a 1.x file into Rhino 2.0, most 1.x rendering information is lost including: render meshes analysis meshes shaded viewport mode Save Small Preview Image and Mesh Compression Preview images and meshes are compressed in the Version 2 .3DM file.

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F I L E

A N D

D E V I C E

S U P P O R T

When using the SaveSmall command or checkbox in the Save dialog box, meshes and preview images are not saved.

New Import and Export Formats

Rhino 2.0 supports several new import and export file types. Export

GHS SLC Viewpoint Experience Technology (formerly Metastream) export

Import and Export New IGES types STEP VDA

Import and Export Enhancements

IGES Export New IGES export types for NASA GridTool and Yamaha ESPRi have been added. New IGES export options Split closed surfaces and Split bipolar surfaces fix some problems with CATIA and Pro/E import. A new ForceTrimmedSurfaces=Y export option forces all surfaces, even those that are trivially trimmed, to be exported as IGES trimmed surface entities. For the solids modelers Pro/E, CATIA, Unigraphics, Mechanical Desktop, ME30, Solid Edge, and SolidWorks, there are two export types: surfaces and solids. Use surfaces when exporting a single surface to those products. Use solids when exporting anything you expect to be able to join back together.

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AutoCAD Export When exporting to AutoCAD files, if the Use simple entities checkbox is checked, arcs, circles, and lines are exported as AutoCAD arc, circle, and line entities. 3-D curves are never simplified. 2-D curves are simplified. This means if the curve is just one line, arc, or circle, it is exported as an AutoCAD line, arc, or circle. If there are arcs in the curve with discontinuous curvature at the ends, it is exported as a bulge arc in a polyline. OBJ Export More options have been added to the OBJ Export dialog box. The Line ends setting controls the end of line character. Export object names and Export layer names control whether the object names and layer names are exported. TIFF File Support Rhino supports un-compressed TIFF file reading and writing.

SpaceBall and SpaceMouse Support

The SpaceTec SpaceBall and LogiCad SpaceMouse can be used with Rhino.

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Index

The Rhino Help file is extensive and is a major source of documentation.

To find a topic in Rhino Help: 1 From the Help menu, click Help Topics. 2 In the Help Topics: Rhino dialog box, on the Index tab, enter the topic listing and click Display. To get help on a specific command: 1 At the Command prompt, type the command name and press Enter. 2 Press F1. AddToGroup command, 15 Alt key +left mouse selection, 19 force window/crossing selection, 21 suspend autoclose, 20 toggle object snap, 20 Appearance tab, 23 ArrayCrv command, 27 ArrayCrvOnSrf command, 35 AutoCAD file export, 57 autoclose suspend with Alt key, 20 BlendSrf command, 27, 39 by-object color, 12 camera lens length shortcut, 31 ChamferSrf command, 41 Circle command, 39 CircleTTT command, 40 color by object, 12 by object export to DWG/DXF, 43 color display, render preview, 13 command AddToGroup, 15

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I N D E X

ArrayCrv, 27 ArrayCrvOnSrf, 35 BlendSrf, 27 BlendSrf, 39 ChamferSrf, 41 Circle, 39 CircleTTT, 40 CommandPaste, 27 Conic, 40 Contour, 41 CPlaneNext, 32 CPlanePrev, 32 CurvatureGraphOn, 41 DetachTrim, 53 Dir, 42 DirectionalLight, 10 DisplayBitmap, 28 Ellipse, 39 EllipseD, 43 Ellipsoid, 39 EMap, 43 EndBulgeSrf, 36 Explode, 44 ExtendSrf, 28, 44 ExtractIsoparm, 44 FitCrv, 44 group, 15 Insert, 36 InsertKnot, 44 InvertPts, 20 JoinSrf, 44 Loft, 45 Make2D, 46 MergeSrf, 46 MoveUVN, 36 NetworkSrf, 47 OrientCrvToEdge, 37 PackTextures, 47 Parabola, 39 Paraboloid, 39 Paste, 27 Pause, 28 PerspectiveMatch, 37 PictureFrame, 28, 48 PlaceCameraTarget, 31 PlaceTarget, 31 PlaneThroughPt, 37

PointCloudSection, 38 PointLight, 10 RailRevolve, 48 RedoMultiple, 28 RemoveFromGroup, 15 RemoveMultiKnotSrf, 38 RotateCamera, 30 RotateCameraDown, 30 RotateCameraLeft, 30 RotateCameraRight, 30 RotateCameraUp, 30 Scale1D, 50 ScaleNU, 29 Section, 41 SelGroup, 15 SelId, 19 SelLast, 19 SelPrev, 19 SetCurrentRenderPlugIn, 29 SetGroupName, 15 SetObectMaterialProperti es, 30 SetRedrawOff, 30 SetRedrawOn, 30 Split, 50 SpotLight, 11 Sweep1, 51 Sweep2, 52 TextObject, 53 Ungroup, 15 UnPackTextures, 47 Untrim, 53 ZoomNext, 32 ZoomPrev, 32 CommandPaste command, 27 Conic command, 40 context-sensitive menu, 17 Contour command, 41 coordinate display construction plane/world toggle, 21 CPlaneNext command, 32 CPlanePrev command, 32

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I N D E X

CurvatureGraphOn command, 41 curve seam and direction match, 22 DetachTrim command, 53 dimensions in Make2D, 46 Dimensions tab, 23 Dir command, 42 direction flip, 22 directional light, 10 DirectionalLight command, 10 DisplayBitmap command, 28 Document Properties dialog box, 22 dragging to move control, 20 DWG/DXF color by object export, 43 Ellipse command, 39 EllipseD command, 43 Ellipsoid command, 39 EMap command, 43 EndBulgeSrf command, 36 explode mesh, 44 Explode command, 44 export AutoCAD, 57 GHS, 56 IGES, 56 lights to POV-Ray, 12 lights to RIB, 12 OBJ, 57 SLC, 56 STEP, 56 TIFF, 57 VDA, 56 export formats, 56 ExtendSrf command, 28, 44 ExtractIsoparm command, 44

file compression, 55 file export AutoCAD, 57 GHS, 56 IGES, 56 OBJ, 57 SLC, 56 STEP, 56 TIFF, 57 VDA, 56 file format, 55 FitCrv command, 44 Flamingo rendering plugin, 9 font Japanese, 53 Unicode, 53 From object snap, 26 GHS export, 56 Grid tab, 23 Group command, 15 groups, 15 HBar command, 24 IGES import and export, 56 import IGES, 56 STEP, 56 VDA, 56 Insert command, 36 InsertKnot command, 44 InvertPts command, 20 Japanese fonts, 53 JoinSrf command, 44 JScript, 21 Keyboard tab, 23 light directional, 10 point, 10

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I N D E X

properties, 11 spot, 11 Loft command, 45 Make2D command, 46 material assign by layer, 24 export to OBJ, 47 materials, 11 menu context, 17 selection, 18 MergeSrf command, 46 mesh explode, 44 pack textures, 47 metallic reflective finish, 12 MoveUVN command, 36 NetworkSrf command, 47 Notes, 23 Notes tab, 23 OBJ export, 57 material definitions, 47 y up, 47 object snap disable, 25 label, 25 suspend with Alt key, 20 Options dialog box, 22 OrientCrvToEdge command, 37 PackTextures command, 47 pan camera, 30 Parabola command, 39 Paraboloid command, 39 Paste command, 27 Pause command, 28 PerspectiveMatch command, 37 PictureFrame command, 28, 48 PlaceCameraTarget command, 31 PlaceTarget command, 31

PlaneThroughPt command, 37 plastic reflective finish, 12 plug-in Flamingo, 9 point filters, 21 point light, 10 PointCloudSection command, 38 PointLight command, 10 POV-Ray file format export lights, 12 properties light, 11 RailRevolve command, 48 RedoMultiple command, 28 reflective finish metallic, 12 plastic, 12 RemoveFromGroup command, 15 RemoveMultiKnotSrf command, 38 render material layer assignment, 24 render materials, 11 Render Mesh tab, 23 render preview color display, 13 transparency display, 13 render settings, 12 Render tab, 23 RIB file format export lights, 12 RotateCamera command, 30 RotateCameraDown command, 30 RotateCameraLeft command, 30 RotateCameraRight command, 30 RotateCameraUp command, 30

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I N D E X

Scale1D command, 50 ScaleNU command, 29 scripting JScript, 21 select commands, 29 VBScript, 21 view rectangle commands, 30 Section command, 41 select objects in scripts, 29 selection in shaded mode, 19 with Alt+left mouse button, 19 selection menu, 18 surface edge, 18 SelGroup command, 15 SelId command, 19 SelLast command, 19 SelPrev command, 19 set color by object, 12 SetCurrentRenderPlugIn command, 29 SetGroupName command, 15 SetObectMaterialProperties command, 30 SetRedrawOff command, 30 SetRedrawOn command, 30 settings, render, 12 shaded mode selection, 19 Shortcut keys tab, 23 SLC export, 56 snap to isoparms, 26 to locked objects, 26

SpaceBall, 57 SpaceMouse, 57 Split command, 50 spotlight, 11 SpotLight command, 11 STEP import and export, 56 Summary information, 23 Summary tab, 23 Sweep1 command, 51 Sweep2 command, 52 TextObject command, 53 TIFF export, 57 transparency display, render preview, 13 Ungroup command, 15 Unicode font, 53 Units tab, 23 units, custom, 16 UnPackTextures command, 47 Untrim command, 53 VBScript, 21 VDA import and export, 56 view, pan camera, 30 window/crossing selection suspend with Alt key, 21 Workgroup license manager, 32 workspace multiple, 16 Zoo, the, 32 zoom, 31 ZoomNext command, 32 ZoomPrev command, 32

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