PHYSICS-6A Midterm Examination UCSC, Winter 2013 February 4, 2013, Time: 1 hour 45 minutes, Total Points: 100 Last

Name (Print Legibly!) First Name (Print Legibly!) Lab section (Day & Time) Academic Integrity Academic dishonesty undermines the eorts of honest students, the value of a UC Santa Cruz degree and the integrity of the university as an institution. Academic misconduct includes but is not limited to cheating, plagiarism, fabrication, falsication, or facilitating academic dishonesty. It your responsibility to be honest and to act fairly towards others. If you observe violations of the Academic Integrity policy, please notify the instructor. This is a closed book, closed notes exam. You are to work individually with no collaboration. Talking is not permitted. Looking at another students exam is not permitted. Academic dishonesty will result in zero credit.

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Directions: Print your name and lab section above. Read the academic integrity statement and sign. Be sure to put your name on all pages. You may use a scientic or graphing calculator. Anything that can access the internet is not allowed. Cell phones, computers, laptops, tablets, ipads, iphones, etc. are not allowed. Books and notes are also not allowed. Equations: 1 mile = 1.609km circumference of a circle = 2r x = x0 + v0 t + 1 at2 2 v = x t v = v0 + at 2 v 2 v0 = 2ax 2 acen = vr Fnet = m a Ff r = FN F = kx

Midterm Score: (for use by instructor and TAs only) Multiple Choice: Problem 1: Problem 2: Problem 3: Problem 4: Total: 1

Name: Problem 1 (20 Pts) A car goes from 0 to 60 mph (miles per hour) in 7 seconds. What is the average acceleration? Express your answer in SI units. Solution: First, lets convert 60mph into m/s. v = 60mi 1.609km 1000m 1h h mi km 3600s = 26.8m/s. (1) (2)

Finally, a = v t = 3.8m/s2 . (3) (4)

Name: Problem 2 (20 Pts) The sun exerts a force of 5.49 1022 N on Venus. Venus has a mass of 4.87 1024 kg and completes an orbit around the sun in 225 days (Earth days). How far from the sun is Venus? Assume the orbit of Venus around the sun is a perfect circle. Express your answer in meters. Solution: Venus travels in a circle around the sun and therefore it has a centripetal acceleration of v 2 /r directed radially inwards towards the sun. Let T be the time it takes Venus to complete one orbit. Then the speed of Venus around the sun is 2r v= . T By Newtons Second Law, v2 F =m . r Plugging in our expression for v and solving for r gives F = = r = = = = ( 2r )2 m T r 4 2 mr T2 FT2 4 2 m (5.49 1022 N)(19440000s)2 4 2 (4.87 1024 kg) (5.49)(1.944)2 1012 m 4 2 (4.87) 1.08 1011 m. (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)

Name: Problem 3 (20 Pts) Pele kicks a 0.5kg soccer ball at an angle of 15 above the ground. His foot is in contact with the ball for 10ms during which he applies a constant force of 1700N. Part (a) (10 Pts) Find the speed of the ball just as it leaves Peles foot. Part (b) (10 Pts) Find the horizontal distance the ball travels. Solution: Part (a) v = at = F t m 1700N (0.01s) = 0.5kg = 34m/s. (11) (12) (13) (14)

Part (b) To nd the horizontal distance traveled, we will use the equation 1 x = x0 + v0x t = ax t2 . 2 In this equation, x0 = 0, ax = 0, v0x is the velocity of part (a) multiplied by cos , and t is the total ight time of the ball. Then, our equation becomes x = v0 t cos . In order to nd t, we need to look at the vertical motion of the soccer ball. The equation that governs vertical motion is 1 y = y0 + v0y t gt2 2 1 2 = v0 t sin gt . 2 (15) (16)

To nd the ight time t, we set y = 0 and solve for t: 1 0 = v0 t sin gt2 2 1 2 gt = v0 t sin 2 2v0 sin t = g Plugging this value of t into the equation for x gives x = v0 = 2v0 sin g cos (20) (21) (22) (17) (18) (19)

2 v0 sin(2) g = 59m.

Name: Problem 4 (20 Pts) Block M1 is at rest on a 30.0 incline. At one end it is attached to a spring, which in turn is attached to an immovable wall. At its other end,M1 is attached to a rope which goes over a pulley and attaches to another hanging mass, M2 . See the gure below. The system is in equilibrium, meaning both masses are at rest. The spring is stretched by 5.00cm in this conguration. M1 = 1.00kg and M2 = 2.00kg.

M1

M2

30
Part (a) (10 Pts) What is the spring constant? Ignore static friction. Part (b) (10 Pts) Now suppose someone comes along and cuts the spring so that M1 is no longer attached to the spring and both masses begin to accelerate. The coecient of kinetic friction between the incline and M1 is k = 0.5. What is the speed of M1 after it has traveled a distance of 3.00cm (assuming its still on the incline)? Solution: Part (a) There are three forces acting on M1 along the incline (theres also the normal force perpendicular to the incline, but we dont care about that for part a). These are: the force of the spring, gravity, and tension. The mass is at rest so a = 0 and therefore the net force is zero. This tells us T M1 g sin kx = 0. Now lets analyze M2 . There are only two forces acting on M2 : gravity and tension. M2 is also not accelerating, so this tells us T = M2 g. 6

We now stick T = M2 g into the tension of the rst equation, and solve for k: M2 g M1 g sin kx = 0 M2 g M1 g sin k = x (2kg)(9.8m/s2) (1kg)(9.8m/s2) sin(30) = 0.05m N = 294 m (23) (24) (25) (26)

Part (b) 2 To nd the velocity of M1 we will use v 2 v0 = 2ax. The initial velocity is zero so all we need to nd is the acceleration. For each block we will nd the net force acting on it and then set that net force equal to ma. For M1 there are three forces parallel to the incline: gravity acting down the incline, friction acting down the incline, and tension acting up the incline. The friction force is Ff r = k FN and FN = M1 g cos . The equation of motion for M1 becomes: T M1 g sin k M1 g cos = M1 a. Unfortunately we cant solve this equation for a because we dont know the tension. To nd the tension lets analyze M2 . The only forces acting on M2 are gravity and tension. The equation of motion for M2 is: M2 g T = M2 a. Solving for tension gives T = M2 (g a). We then stick that value in for T in the rst equation and solve for a: M2 (g a) M1 g sin k M1 g cos = M1 a M2 M1 sin k M1 cos a= g. M1 + M2 (27) (28)

Then we stick that value of a into our velocity equation v 2 = 2ax to get our nal answer v = M2 M1 sin k M1 cos M1 + M2 = 0.46m/s. 2gx (29) (30)