Honors Chemistry Period 6 Chapters 5 and 6 Vocabulary

Hunter Barclay March 10, 2013

Chemical Bond - The force that holds atoms together Ionic Bonding - Chemical bonding that results from the electrical attraction between cations and anions Covalent Bonding - Sharing of electron pairs between two atoms that are nonmetals Nonpolar-Covalent Bond - A covalent bond in which the bonding electrons are shared equally by the bonded atoms, resulting in a balanced distribution of electrical charge Polar-Covalent Bond - A covalent bond between atoms that differ in electronegativity. The shared electrons are pulled closer to the more electronegative atom, making it slightly negative and the other atom slightly positive. Molecule - Two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds Molecular Compound - A chemical compound whose simplest units are molecules Bond Energy - The energy required to break the bond between two covalently bonded atoms Electron-dot Notation - An electronconfiguration notation in which only the valence electrons of an atom of a particular element are shown,

indicated by dots placed around the element's symbol Lewis Structure - A structural formula in which electrons are represented by dots; dot pairs or dashes between two atomic symbols represent pairs in covalent bonds. Structural Formula - Represents the covalent bonds by dashes and shows the arrangement of covalently bonded atoms Single Bond - A covalent bond in which one pair of electrons is shared between two atoms Multiple Bond - A bond in which the atoms share more than one pair of electrons, such as a double bond or a triple bond. Resonance - The bonding in molecules or ions that cannot be correctly represented by a single Lewis structure Ionic Compound - Composed of positive and negative ions that are combined so that the numbers of positive and negative charges are equal Formula Unit - The simplest collection of atoms from which an ionic compound's formula can be established Lattice Energy Polyatomic Ion - The energy required to separate one mole of the ions of an ionic compound,

which is directly related to the size of the ions bonded and is also affected by the charge of the ions Metallic Bonding - The chemical bonding that results from the attraction between metal atoms and the surrounding sea of electrons Malleability - The ability of a substance to be hammered or beaten into thin sheets Ductility - The ability of a substance to be drawn, pulled, or extruded through a small opening to produce a wire VSEPR Theory - States that repulsion between the sets of valence-level electrons surrounding an atom causes these sets to be oriented as far apart as possible Hybridization - The mixing of two or more atomic orbitals of similar energies on the same atom to produce new hybrid atomic orbitals of equal energies Hybrid Orbitals - Orbitals of equal energy produced by the combination of two or more orbitals on the same atom Dipole - A molecule or a part of a molecule that contains both positively and negatively charged regions Hydrogen Bonding - The intermolecular force in which a hydrogen atom that is bonded to a highly electronegative atom is attracted to an unshared pair of electrons of an electronegative atom in a nearby molecule

London Dispersion Forces - The intermolecular attractions resulting from the constant motion of electrons and the creation of instantaneous dipoles Monatomic Ion - A single atom with a positive or negative charge resulting from the loss or gain of one or more valence electrons Binary Compound - Chemical compound composed of only two elements Nomenclature - A system of scientific names Oxyanion - A polyatomic ion composed of an element, usually a nonmetal, bonded to one or more oxygen atoms Salt - A compound resulting from the formation of an ionic bond; also called an ionic compound. Oxidation Number - Positive or negative number that indicates how many electrons an atom has gained, lost, or shared to become stable Oxidation State - The condition of an atom expressed by the number of electrons that the atom needs to reach its elemental form Formula Mass - The sum of the average atomic masses of all the atoms represented in the formula of any molecule, formula unit, or ion Percentage Composition - The percentage by mass of each element in a compound