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Includes 802.11a/b/g.
PAN
<10 m
~1 Mbit/s
802.15.1 (Bluetooth)
802.15.3 (UWB) *
802.15.4 (ZigBee)**
* UWB: 100 Mbit/s
** ZigBee: 250 kbps
fixed wireless technologies
38
WWAN
<15 km
802.20 (proposed)
IEEE STANDARDS VIEW OF WIRELESS
NETWORK TECHNOLOGIES
Source: International Telecommunications Union, Birth of Broadband, September 2003
MAN
<5 km
70 Mbit/s
802.16a/e
WiMAX
New standard for
Fixed broadband
Wireless. Trying to do
for MAN what Wi-Fi
did for LAN.
WLAN
<100 m
11-54 Mbit/s
802.11a/b, e, g
Wi-Fi
Includes 802.11a/b/g.
PAN
<10 m
~1 Mbit/s
802.15.1 (Bluetooth)
802.15.3 (UWB) *
802.15.4 (ZigBee)**
* UWB: 100 Mbit/s
** ZigBee: 250 kbps
Quiz: WiFi & WiMAX
Is i t true that...
A) WiMAX reaches a greater distance
compared to WiFi? (Yes/No/Maybe)
B) They both use the same modulation
but different power limi ts? (Y/N/M)
C) WiFi is an insecure technology? (Y/
N/M)
D) Im not sure about the differences.
wireless networks were designed
(in 90es) for the LAN (indoor)
market, but in developing
countries WLANS are much
more useful outdoor, as MANs
(or even WANs), for distances
up to 10 Km (or 50 Km, or ...)
WLANs & WMANs
cost of wireless
the enormous success of this
technology has led to a dramatic
price reduction for the radio
devices:
>1000 US$ in 1992
<100 US$ in 2004
speed of wireless
the available data transfer rate
on the same radio channel
(bandwidth of 20 MHz) has
increased from 1 Mbps to 54
Mbps (even more Mbps for some non-
standard implementations)
wireless standards
wireless networking has grown
incredibly fast thanks to a wide
adoption of common standards:
802.11, 802.11a/b/g protocols
WiFi certification
brand/model intercompatibility
wireless LANs
indoor/outdoor network
distribution among many clients
typical distance: 10 - 100 m
Point-to-MultiPoint structure:
master station (access point, AP)
client station (PCI card, PC card,
USB device, wireless bridge)
wireless MANs
used by ISPs (Point-to-MultiPoint)
typical distances: 1-5 Km
a large number of clients
coexistence problems (max. 3
non-overlapping channels)
line-of-sight, security issues,
remote management
Pietrosemoli 31
Fdcte DSSS
RedUla
Spike
Wireless RooI
wireless MANs
community/institution/company:
Point-to-Multipoint (mesh?)
Point-to-Point (larger distance,
less coexistence problems)
line-of-sight, security issues
radiolink planning
and design
Pietrosemoli 30
COR Aguada Norte
PA
FUNDACITE LAN
(NOC)
PA
PA
PA
LAN Switch/Hub
PC router
(OS Linux)
COR Pico Espejo
!"#"$%"
PA
9.15 Km
5.2 Km
64.33 Km
3.66 Km
Canagua Link
COR
Paramo deI Motor
Pietrosemoli 32
MARS: enlace desde
Pico Espejo. 4765 m
A la Hechicera 1800 m
5.8 GHz, 10 Mbps
!"#$%& '()*+,-.#$/0
1.+.&#/-02(&($*304!'125
Joint Venezuelan-German
project:
5.8 GHz, 16 km link
Pico Espejo. 4765 m
to Hechicera 1800 m
P2MP MANs
Point-to-Multipoint
Star topology, one AP, many stations
Omnidirectional antenna for AP
Directive antennas for stations
AP
STA
STA STA
P2MP MANs (cont.)
coexistence problem:
APs use omni antennas, so they may
interfere with other APs or stations
different channels can be used, but only
3 channels are non-overlapping
coordination is required among APs
2/13/04 Pietrosemoli 26
2/13/04 Pietrosemoli 24
Channel Overlapping
P2MP MANs (cont.)
Mesh topology
many nodes
complex
topology
dynamic
work in
progress!
P2P MANs (WANs)
wireless long distance links (<10 Km)
provide connectivity to remote sites
broadband (1, 2, 5, 11, 54 Mbps)
no monthly/traffic fee, no recurrent
costs (unlike leased lines from PPT)
require skills for planning and
installation (power budget)
Power Budget
2/13/04 Pietrosemoli 47
!"#$% "&$% '()*+,-$
Gt Gr
Tx Rx
At
Ar
Free Space Loss
Pt
Pr
dBm
km
Low-cost links?
It is possible to build inexpensive
longdistance radiolinks, with
old PCs, Linux OS, offtheshelf
WiFi devices (sold for indoor),
homemade antennas:
200-500 US$ per links (less?)
skills are required, but you can
find plenty of information and
tutorials, just surfing the WWW
Buying antennas?
Buying antennas?
Antenna making
Meaning of wireless
Lets summarize!
fixed wireless (WiFi)
unexpensive solution (WiFi)
(not WiMAX, for now)
standard, off-the-shelf (WiFi)
indoor for outdoor (mod WiFi)
P-t-P , P-t-MP, long links, mesh
DIY (antennas, APs)
Schedule for Workshop on Wireless Technologies for South Asian Countries (October 10 21,
2005):
Venue: Wireless Laboratory, International Institute of Information Technology, Pune-411057, India
DAY DATE/
Day
Session I
9.30 AM 10.30 AM
Tea/Coffee
10.30 AM
11.00 AM
Session II
11.00 AM 12.00
noon
Session III
12.00 noon - 1
PM
Lunch
1 PM 2
PM
Session III
2 PM 3 PM (For
Oct 10, 2.00 PM
3.30 PM)
Tea/Coffee
3.00 PM
3.30 PM (For
Oct 10, 3.30
PM 4.00
PM)
Session IV
3.30 PM 5.30 PM
(For Oct 10, 4.00 PM
5.30 PM)
1 Oct.
10Mon
Registration and Administrative Matters
(I
2
IT) Inauguration of the
Workshop
Review of Wireless
Communications
(RajeshS)
2
Oct.11
Tues
Antenna and Radio Wave
Propagation
(CarloF)
Mobile
Communications
(RavindraJ)
Internetworking
and Routing
Technologies
(BharatC)
Internetworking and
Routing
Technologies
(BharatC)
Networking Laboratory
(AjithK, VinayakP and
RAs)
3 Oct.12
Wed
Dessera a Indian Festival Holiday (Visit to Panchgani and Mahabaleshwar)
4
Oct.13
Thus
Linux
(TomasK/MarcoZ)
Linux Lab (TomasK,
AmitH, AjithK,
RAs)
Linux Lab
(TomasK, AmitH,
AjithK, RAs)
GSM/GPRS
Technologies
(VinayakP)
Basic Antennas Lab/dB
Maths.
(MarcoZ, RAs)
5 Oct.14 Fri
Wi-Fi Technologies
(TomasK)
Wi-Fi Hardware
Review
(TomasK)
Wi-Fi Lab
(TomasK, CarloF,
MarcoZ,
VinayakP, Ras)
Wi-Fi Lab
(TomasK, CarloF,
MarcoZ, VinayakP,
Ras)
Wi-Fi Lab
(TomasK, CarloF,
MarcoZ, VinayakP, Ras)
6
Oct.15
Sat
Visit to Giant Meter wave Radio Telescope (GMRT), Narayangaon
7
Oct.16
Sun
Open
Co-sponsored by:
Pune Subsection
International Institute of Information Technology, Hinjawadi, Pune 411057, India (www.isquareit.ac.in)
Laboratory schedule
why is it important for wireless?
network device (router, gw,...)
software AP, firmware upgrade
wireless troubleshooting tools
bandwidth optimization
OpenSource & Linux
why is it important for wireless?
network device (router, gw,...)
software AP, firmware upgrade
wireless troubleshooting tools
bandwidth optimization
OpenSource & Linux
Poll: You & Linux
You know:
A) how to install and setup a Linux PC
B) how to manage text les in Linux
C) what Linux is, but not how to use i t
D) I dont know anything about Linux
Networking
TCP/IP
routing
advanced networking
(optimization, etc...)
Networking
TCP/IP
routing
advanced networking
(optimization, etc...)
Poll: Net working
You know:
A) well enough about the 7 OSI layers
B) how to spli t a net work in subnets
C) how to congure TCP/IP on your PC
D) not very much about net working
WiFi networks
AP configuration
architectures of WLANs
firmware upgrade
power budget
long distance link
Antenna DIY
different antennas
measurements on antennas
using a Spectrum Analyzer
making of two antennas
Antenna DIY
different antennas
measurements on antennas
using a Spectrum Analyzer
making of two antennas
Quiz: Antennas
True or false:
A) an antenna can be good for
transmi tting and bad for recei ving
B) a parabolic grid recei ve only half
signal compared wi th a parabolic dish
C) TV antennas can be used for WiFi
D) antennas are mysterious things
Thank you
for your attention!
Any question?