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HeatBalCalc is a
Thermart Software
program. 2012
by Arthur E. Morris.
www.thermart.net
Burner
2
Burner air
(14.74 kg-mol, 25oC)
Heated aluminum
(800 kg/min, 550oC)
Heat loss
0
1,243
39.2
0
0
26.2
0
0
0
0
0
0
11,644
3,095
0
0
0
1,321
2,603
11,670
472.7
0
0
0
1,321
2,603
11,926
540.9
0
0
0
0
0
256.4
68.2
Fact-WebWikipedia,
programs,the
http://www.crct.polymtl.ca/factweb.php.
Free Encyclopedia, July 2012. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page.
Use Reaction-Web.
NIST Chemistry WebBook, http://webbook.nist.gov/chemistry/
NIST-JANAF Tables, http://kinetics.nist.gov/janaf/
Thermart Software, http://www.thermart.net/
ating Furnace
Stack gas
(16.39 kg-mol, 800oC)
-805.04
Leak air
(0.33 kg-mol, 25oC)
6
Aluminum ingots
(800 kg/min, 25oC)
amounts in kg-mol/min
A
-2077
om workbook MatBalCalc.xlsx)
mol/min
Cold Al
6
29,650
Hot Al
7
29,650
29,650
0
0
0
0
0
0
29,650
0
0
0
0
0
0
orkbooks in this
k of some
e specified natural
rom FREED as
at the reference
nd heat the
or each stream,
loss. See Table 4.
ng furnace. Cool
ature. See Table 5.
A
-713
B
36.04
C
4.323E-03
Air, 5 - 550 C
B
C
28.43
3.390E-03
wiki/Main_Page.
-805,040
/mol = A + BT + CT2. T = C
A
-2265
B
52.48
C
2.257E-03
(note Al heat units)
B
0.875
C
2.54E-04
-1,052,963
s (stream #1)
(stream #3)
126,507
00 C (stream #3)
198,638
C (stream #3)
685,150
0 C (stream #3)
29,282
(stream #7)
-1,039,576
0
0
429,484
13,387
C (stream #3)
m (stream #6)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
49,426
75,576
284,875
13,667
186,549
% of available
100%
40%
41%
19%
6.
7.
8.
9.
-1,039,576
0
0
436,736
48,537
280,082
13,437
186,549
0
788
814
775
828
74,235
900
880
kg Al/min
860
840
820
800
800
790
780
770
760
750
856
725
884
760
750
ck gas temperature, C
740
730
720
ck gas temperature, C
Tmax(K):
Atomic mass of Al:
5000
26.982
HT-H25 (Cal/g-mol)
11
387
Figure 1. Heat content of Aluminum in SI units
774
Molar Heat Content of Al vs. T
1170
10000
1577
H = 7.589T + 1878
1996
8000
2428
6000
2874
H = 1.64E-03T2 + 5.64T - 136
3336
4000
3815
2000
4310
6890
0
7269
0
100 200 300 400 500 600
7521
T, C
8153
8532
HT-H25 (Cal/g-mol)
Melting point of Al
T (K)
300.0
363.4
426.7
490.1
553.4
616.8
680.2
743.5
806.9
870.2
933.6
933.6
983.5
1016.8
1100.0
1150.0
A
-136
-21.1
-424
-15.7
B
5.64
8.75E-01
5.58
2.07E-01
C
1.64E-03
2.54E-04 We'll use this data
9.09E-04
3.37E-05
ase--Aluminum
ntent of Al vs. T
H = 7.589T + 1878
600
700
800
= A+ BT + CT2
We'll use this data
900
HT-H77 (Btu/lb-mol)
20
696
1393
2106
2839
3593
4371
5174
6005
6866
7758
12402
13084
13539
14675
15358
16000
HT-H77 (Btu/lb-mol)
T, F
80.3
194.4
308.4
422.5
536.5
650.6
764.6
878.7
992.7
1106.8
1220.8
1220.8
1310.7
1370.6
1520.3
1610.3
H = 7.589x + 3138
12000
H = 9.09E-04T2 + 5.58T - 424
8000
4000
0
0
T, F
1600
HT-H298 (J)
0
1528
3059
4603
6166
7749
9353
10977
12621
14283
15963
HT-H298 (J)
T (C)
1.80E+04
1.60E+04
1.40E+04
1.20E+04
1.00E+04
8.00E+03
6.00E+03
4.00E+03
2.00E+03
0.00E+00
25
125
225
325
425
T (C)
H2O, (g)
(Hydrogen Oxide)
700
850
1000
1150
1300
1450
1600
1750
1900
2200
HT-H298 (J)
24894
31175
37719
44514
51541
58784
66223
73839
81612
97549
1.20E+05
H = 4.323E-03T2 + 36.04x - 2563
R = 9.9999E-01
1.00E+05
HT-H298 (J)
T (C)
8.00E+04
6.00E+04
4.00E+04
2.00E+04
0.00E+00
700
900
1100
1300
1500
T (C)
1700
425
700
850
1000
1150
1300
1450
1600
1750
1900
2200
525
HT-H298 (J)
20607
25549
30595
35730
40944
46224
51563
56950
62379
73328
8.00E+04
7.00E+04
6.00E+04
HT-H298 (J)
T (C)
5.00E+04
4.00E+04
3.00E+04
2.00E+04
1.00E+04
0.00E+00
700
900
O2, (g)
(Oxygen dimer)
1900
T (C)
2100
700
850
1000
1150
1300
1450
1600
1750
1900
2200
HT-H298 (J)
21770
27025
32371
37792
43278
48821
54416
60062
65755
77284
1300
HT-H298 (J)
+ 36.04x - 2563
1100
9.00E+04
8.00E+04
7.00E+04
6.00E+04
5.00E+04
4.00E+04
3.00E+04
2.00E+04
1.00E+04
0.00E+00
H = 1.255E
700
900
1100
1300
CO2, (g)
(Carbon Dioxide)
Plot: HT
1.40E+05
H=
1300
1.317E-03T2
1500
+ 31.40T - 2077
R = 9.9999E-01
1700
1900
2100
1500
T (C)
H = 2.257E
1.20E+05
HT-H298 (J)
HT-H298 (J)
31,961
40,184
48,624
57,234
65,982
74,842
83,795
92,825
101,921
120,268
1.00E+05
8.00E+04
6.00E+04
4.00E+04
2.00E+04
700
T (C)
1300
T (C)
700
850
1000
1150
1300
1450
1600
1750
1900
2200
1700
1900
2100
1200
T (C)
1700
2200
Heat content, heat capacity, and entropy equations for reference state CO 2
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A.
Hgas -393.51 0.13 kJ/mol. Review Cox, Wagman, et al., 1984 CODATA Review value
Hgas -393.52 kJ/mol. Review Chase, 1998. Data last reviewed in September, 1965
Sgas,1 bar 213.785 0.010 J/mol*K. Review Cox, Wagman, et al., 1984 CODATA Review value
Sgas,1 bar 213.79 J/mol*K. Review Chase, 1998. Data last reviewed in September, 1965
Gas Phase Heat Capacity (Shomate Equation)
Cp = A + B*t + C*t2 + D*t3 + E/t2
H - H298.15= A*t + B*t2/2 + C*t3/3 + D*t4/4 - E/t + F - H
S = A*ln(t) + B*t + C*t2/2 + D*t3/3 - E/(2*t2) + G
Cp = heat capacity (J/mol*K)
H = standard enthalpy (kJ/mol)
S = standard entropy (J/mol*K)
t = temperature (K) / 1000.
110,000
100,000
HT-H25, J/g-mol
Please read
90,000
80,000
70,000
60,000
50,000
40,000
40,000
30,000
800
1000
1200
1400
T, C
1600
A
-10312
-460
-4887
-13.6
B
58.91
2.628
14.08
0.0392
1800
Carbon dioxide
Molecular weight: 44.0095
ce state CO 2
f the U.S.A.
Temp,
Temp,
TA Review value
(K)
(C)
ember, 1965
298
300
400
500
600
37.12
37.22
41.34
44.61
47.32
213.8
214
225.3
234.9
243.3
213.8
213.8
215.3
218.3
221.8
-0.01
0.07
4.00
8.31
12.91
700
49.57
250.8
225.4
17.75
800
900
1000
1100
1200
1300
1400
1500
826.85
926.85
1026.85
1126.85
1226.85
51.44
53
54.3
55.4
56.31
57.14
57.83
58.4
257.5
263.6
269.3
274.5
279.4
283.9
288.2
292.2
229
232.5
235.9
239.2
242.3
245.4
248.3
251.1
22.81
28.03
33.40
38.89
44.47
50.15
55.89
61.71
38,890
44,470
50,150
55,890
61,710
1600
1326.85
58.9
296
253.8
67.57
67,570
1700
1800
1900
2000
2100
2200
2300
2400
2500
2600
2700
2800
2900
1426.85
1526.85
1626.85
1726.85
1826.85
1926.85
59.33
59.7
60.04
60.34
60.61
60.85
61.07
61.28
61.47
61.64
61.8
61.95
62.1
299.6
303
306.2
309.3
312.2
315.1
317.8
320.4
322.9
325.3
327.6
329.9
332.1
256.3
258.8
261.2
263.6
265.8
268
270.1
272.1
274.1
276
277.9
279.7
281.5
73.48
79.44
85.42
91.44
97.49
103.6
109.7
115.8
121.9
128.1
134.2
140.4
146.6
73,480
79,440
85,420
91,440
97,490
103,600
HT-H77, Btu/lb-mol
3000
3100
3200
3300
45,000
3400
3500
40,000
3600
3700
35,000
3800
3900
30,000
4000
4100
25,000
4200
4300
20,000
Cp
(kJ/mol)
62.23
283.2units 152.8
Figure 2. Heat
content 334.2
of CO2 in AES
62.35
336.2
284.9
159.1
338.2 of CO
286.5
165.3
Molar62.47
Heat Content
2 above 1500 F
62.59
340.1
288.1
62.69 H = 14.08T
342 - 4887 289.7
62.8
R 343.8
= 0.9998 291.2
62.89
345.6
292.7
62.99
347.3
294.1
63.08
349
295.6
63.17
350.6
297
63.25
352.2
298.3
63.34
353.8
299.6
63.42
355.3
301
63.5
356.8
302.2
171.6
177.8
184.1
190.4
196.7
203
209.3
215.6
222
228.3
234.6
(J/mol)
HT
2000
20,000
4400
4500
15,000
4600
4700 1500
4800
4900
63.58
63.66
63.74
63.82
2000
63.9
63.98
358.3
359.7
361.1
362.5
T, F
363.8
365.1
303.5
304.7
305.9
307.1
2500
308.3
309.4
5000
64.06
366.4
310.6
279.3
5100
5200
5300
5400
5500
5600
5700
5800
5900
6000
64.14
64.22
64.31
64.39
64.48
64.58
64.67
64.77
64.87
64.98
367.7
368.9
370.2
371.4
372.5
373.7
374.9
376
377.1
378.2
311.7
312.8
313.8
314.9
315.9
316.9
318
318.9
319.9
320.9
285.7
292.1
298.5
305
311.4
317.9
324.3
330.8
337.3
343.8
241
247.4
253.7
260.1
3000
266.5
272.9
3500
Temp,
(F)
(Btu/lb-mol)
1520.3
1700.3
1880.3
2060.3
2240.3
16,731
19,131
21,575
24,044
26,548
2420.3
29,069
2600.3
2780.3
2960.3
3140.3
3320.3
3500.3
31,612
34,176
36,749
39,338
41,941
44,570
3500
Please read
Water
Molecular wt: 18.0153
298.15
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
1100
1200
1300
1400
1500
1600
1700
1800
1900
2000
2100
2200
2300
2400
2500
2600
2700
2800
2900
3000
3100
3200
3300
3400
3500
3600
33.59
33.596
34.262
35.226
36.325
37.495
38.721
39.987
41.268
42.536
43.768
44.945
46.054
47.09
48.05
48.935
49.749
50.496
51.18
51.823
52.408
52.947
53.444
53.904
54.329
54.723
55.089
55.43
55.748
56.044
56.323
56.583
56.828
57.058
57.276
188.834
189.042
198.788
206.534
213.052
218.739
223.825
228.459
232.738
236.731
240.485
244.035
247.407
250.62
253.69
256.63
259.451
262.161
264.769
267.282
269.706
272.048
274.312
276.503
278.625
280.683
282.68
284.619
286.504
288.337
290.12
291.858
293.55
295.201
296.812
188.834
188.835
190.159
192.685
195.55
198.465
201.322
204.084
206.738
209.285
211.73
214.08
216.341
218.52
220.623
222.655
224.621
226.526
228.374
230.167
231.909
233.604
235.253
236.86
238.425
239.952
241.443
242.899
244.321
245.711
247.071
248.402
249.705
250.982
252.233
-241.826
-241.844
-242.846
-243.826
-244.758
-245.632
-246.443
-247.185
-247.857
-248.46
-248.997
-249.473
-249.894
-250.265
-250.592
-250.881
-251.138
-251.368
-251.575
-251.762
-251.934
-252.092
-252.239
-252.379
-252.513
-252.643
-252.771
-252.897
-253.024
-253.152
-253.282
-253.416
-253.553
-253.696
-253.844
3700
3800
3900
4000
4100
4200
4300
4400
4500
4600
4700
4800
4900
5000
5100
5200
5300
5400
5500
5600
5700
5800
5900
6000
57.48
57.675
57.859
58.033
58.199
58.357
58.507
58.65
58.787
58.918
59.044
59.164
59.275
59.39
59.509
59.628
59.746
59.864
59.982
60.1
60.218
60.335
60.453
60.571
298.384
299.919
301.42
302.887
304.322
305.726
307.101
308.448
309.767
311.061
312.329
313.574
314.795
315.993
317.171
318.327
319.464
320.582
321.682
322.764
323.828
324.877
325.909
326.926
253.459
254.661
255.841
256.999
258.136
259.252
260.349
261.427
262.486
263.528
264.553
265.562
266.554
267.531
268.493
269.44
270.373
271.293
272.199
273.092
273.973
274.841
275.698
276.544
166.22
171.98
177.76
183.55
189.36
195.19
201.03
206.89
212.76
218.65
224.55
230.46
236.38
242.31
248.26
254.22
260.18
266.16
272.16
278.16
284.18
290.20
296.24
302.30
-253.997
-254.158
-254.326
-254.501
-254.684
-254.876
-255.078
-255.288
-255.508
-255.738
-255.978
-256.229
-256.491
-256.763
-257.046
-257.338
-257.639
-257.95
-258.268
-258.595
-258.93
-259.272
-259.621
-259.977
90,000
HT-H25, J/g-mol
80,000
70,000
60,000
50,000
40,000
-228.582
-228.5
-223.901
-219.051
-214.007
-208.812
-203.496
-198.083
-192.59
-187.033
-181.425
-175.774
-170.089
-164.376
-158.639
-152.883
-147.111
-141.325
-135.528
-129.721
-123.905
-118.082
-112.252
-106.416
-100.575
-94.729
-88.878
-83.023
-77.163
-71.298
-65.43
-59.558
-53.681
-47.801
-41.916
40.047
39.785
29.238
22.884
18.631
15.582
13.287
11.496
10.06
8.881
7.897
7.063
6.346
5.724
5.179
4.698
4.269
3.885
3.54
3.227
2.942
2.682
2.443
2.223
2.021
1.833
1.658
1.495
1.344
1.201
1.068
0.943
0.825
0.713
0.608
30,000
800
1000
1200
T, C
1400
1600
Jmol-1
H -H (T r)
30,191
34,506
38,942
43,493
48,151
52,908
57,758
62,693
67,706
72,790
77,941
83,153
Btulb-mol-1
T, F
H -H (T r)
1520.3
1700.3
1880.3
2060.3
2240.3
2420.3
2600.3
2780.3
2960.3
3140.3
3320.3
3500.3
12,988
14,845
16,753
18,711
20,715
22,762
24,848
26,971
29,128
31,315
33,531
35,773
1800
-36.027
-30.133
-24.236
-18.334
-12.427
-6.516
-0.6
5.32
11.245
17.175
23.111
29.052
34.998
40.949
46.906
52.869
58.838
64.811
70.791
76.777
82.769
88.767
94.77
100.78
0.509
0.414
0.325
0.239
0.158
0.081
0.007
-0.063
-0.131
-0.195
-0.257
-0.316
-0.373
-0.428
-0.48
-0.531
-0.58
-0.627
-0.672
-0.716
-0.758
-0.799
-0.839
-0.877
36,000
HT-H77, Btu/lb-mol
32,000
28,000
24,000
20,000
16,000
1800
2000
12,000
1500
2000
T, F
2500
B
35.96
1.604
8.558
0.02384
C
4.462E-03
1.991E-04
5.925E-04
1.650E-06
3000
3500
3500
O2
Table 1A. Thermodynamic properties of O2 in SI units
T(K)
H(J)
G(J)
298.15
300
400
500
600
700
800
0
54
3,025
6,084
9,244
12,497
15,834
-61,132
-61,511
-82,479
-104,207
-126,560
-149,450
-172,812
900
1000
1100
1200
1300
1400
1500
1600
1700
1800
1900
2000
2100
2200
19,240
22,703
26,213
29,764
33,348
36,961
40,601
44,267
47,957
51,672
55,411
59,174
62,960
66,770
-196,597
-220,764
-245,280
-270,118
-295,253
-320,666
-346,337
-372,253
-398,398
-424,761
-451,332
-478,100
-505,056
-532,194
Please read
Vol(litre)
S(J/K)
------O2(g)-----24.47
205.04
24.62
205.22
32.82
213.76
41.03
220.58
49.24
226.34
57.44
231.35
65.65
235.81
73.85
82.06
90.26
98.47
106.68
114.88
123.09
131.29
139.50
147.70
155.91
164.12
172.32
180.53
239.82
243.47
246.81
249.90
252.77
255.45
257.96
260.33
262.56
264.69
266.71
268.64
270.48
272.26
Cp(J/K)
A, (J)
29.38
29.39
30.11
31.10
32.08
32.97
33.74
-63,611
-64,006
-85,805
-108,364
-131,549
-155,270
-179,464
34.37
34.86
35.32
35.68
35.99
36.27
36.53
36.78
37.03
37.27
37.51
37.75
37.98
38.21
-204,080
-229,079
-254,426
-280,095
-306,062
-332,306
-358,809
-385,556
-412,533
-439,728
-467,129
-494,729
-522,517
-550,486
30000
70,000
28000
65,000
26000
H = 36.88T- 4522
55,000
50,000
H = 35.15T - 4579
45,000
40,000
35,000
O2
Linear (O2)
30,000
25,000
N2
Linear (N2)
1000
1200
1400
T, C
1600
1800
24000
22000
20000
18000
16000
14000
12000
20,000
800
HT-H77. Btu/lb-mol
HT-H25, J/mol
60,000
2000
10000
28.0134
N2
T(K)
826.85
926.85
1026.85
1126.85
1226.85
1326.85
1426.85
1526.85
1626.85
1726.85
1826.85
1926.85
1520.3
1700.3
1880.3
2060.3
2240.3
2420.3
2600.3
2780.3
2960.3
3140.3
3320.3
3500.3
H(Btu)
H(Btu)
O2
N2
11277
12805
14347
15901
17467
19044
20632
22230
23839
25457
27086
28725
10650
12090
13551
15030
16524
18028
19544
21071
22607
24152
25704
27262
H(J)
G(J)
298.15
300
400
500
600
700
800
0
54
2,969
5,909
8,895
11,941
15,050
-57,096
-57,450
-77,057
-97,403
-118,345
-139,792
-161,679
900
1000
1100
1200
1300
1400
1500
1600
1700
1800
1900
2000
2100
2200
18,224
21,460
24,755
28,104
31,500
34,937
38,408
41,906
45,429
48,979
52,550
56,140
59,747
63,368
-183,960
-206,598
-229,563
-252,830
-276,379
-300,190
-324,249
-348,540
-373,051
-397,770
-422,686
-447,791
-473,077
-498,534
Vol(litre)
------N2(g)-----24.47
24.62
32.82
41.03
49.24
57.44
65.65
73.85
82.06
90.26
98.47
106.68
114.88
123.09
131.29
139.50
147.70
155.91
164.12
172.32
180.53
28000
H = 8.81T - 2228
26000
HT-H77. Btu/lb-mol
kJ/kg-mol; T = C
kJ/m3; T = C
Btu/lb-mol; T = F
Btu/ft3; T = F
24000
22000
H = 8.40T - 2239
20000
18000
16000
N2
Linear (N2)
14000
12000
10000
1500
2000
T, F
2500
O2
Linear (O2)
3000
3500
Cp(J/K)
A_(J)
T (C)
T(K)
------N2(g)-----191.50
191.68
200.07
206.62
212.07
216.76
220.91
29.14
29.13
29.23
29.61
30.15
30.77
31.42
-59,575
-59,944
-80,383
-101,560
-123,334
-145,612
-168,331
298.15
300
400
500
600
700
800
-393,522
-393,453
-389,522
-385,219
-380,615
-375,765
-370,711
224.65
228.06
231.20
234.11
236.83
239.38
241.77
244.03
246.17
248.19
250.12
251.97
253.73
255.41
32.06
32.66
33.23
33.73
34.18
34.55
34.86
35.09
35.37
35.61
35.81
35.99
36.14
36.28
-191,443
-214,913
-238,709
-262,808
-287,188
-311,831
-336,721
-361,843
-387,185
-412,736
-438,484
-464,420
-490,537
-516,826
900
1000
1100
1200
1300
1400
1500
1600
1700
1800
1900
2000
-365,488
-360,123
-354,639
-349,052
-343,378
-337,629
-331,817
-325,950
-320,037
-314,085
-308,099
-302,082
826.85
926.85
1026.85
1126.85
1226.85
1326.85
1426.85
1526.85
1626.85
1726.85
1826.85
1926.85
H(J)
B
35.15
1.568
8.40
0.02340
A
-4522
-202
-2228
-6.205
B
36.88
1.645
8.81
0.02454
H(J)
Air
54
2,981
5,945
8,969
12,058
15,215
T(C)
16,000
26.85
126.85
226.85
326.85
426.85
526.85
14,000
t content, kJ/kg-mol
H(J)
O2
54
3,025
6,084
9,244
12,497
15,834
12,000
10,000
10,000
8,000
6,000
4,000
2,000
0
0
50
100
CO2
Table 5. Thermodynamic properties of CO2 in SI units
Vol(litre)
S(J/K)
Cp(J/K)
A_(J)
HT-H298
T (C)
213.80
214.03
225.31
234.89
243.28
250.75
257.50
37.14
37.22
41.29
44.64
47.36
49.59
51.43
-459,744
-460,155
-482,970
-506,824
-531,572
-557,112
-583,362
0
69
4,001
8,303
12,907
17,758
22,811
25.0
26.9
126.9
226.9
326.9
426.9
526.9
-602,772
-629,423
-656,618
-684,317
-712,485
-741,093
-770,114
-799,525
-829,304
-859,433
-889,893
-920,669
263.65
269.30
274.53
279.39
283.93
288.19
292.20
295.98
299.57
302.97
306.21
309.29
52.98
54.28
55.39
56.33
57.13
57.82
58.41
58.91
59.34
59.70
60.01
60.32
-610,255
-637,738
-665,764
-694,294
-723,294
-752,733
-782,586
-812,828
-843,439
-874,399
-905,691
-937,298
28,034
33,399
38,884
44,470
50,144
55,893
61,705
67,572
73,485
79,438
85,423
91,440
626.9
726.9
826.9
926.9
1026.9
1126.9
1226.9
1326.9
1426.9
1526.9
1626.9
1726.9
73.85
82.06
90.26
98.47
106.68
114.88
123.09
131.29
139.50
147.70
155.91
164.12
HT-H25, J/g-mol
G(J)
150
200
250
T, C
300
350
400
450
500
550
600
HT-H25, J/g-mol
80,000
70,000
60,000
50,000
40,000
30,000
y = -3.140E-06x3 + 1.390E-02x2 + 3.888E+01x - 1.072E+03
R = 1.000E+00
20,000
10,000
0
0
300
600
900
1200
T, C
1500
1800