SAMLA, MUDZNA A. BSN IV-B 1.

EXISTENTIAL AND HUMANISTIC THEORY (its application on the nursing field) The humanistic and existential theories of personality consider the individual in a holistic sense this is also true to the nursing field since the holistic approach to patients is being practice. A more idealistic approach in the study of personality, these theories focus on free will, conscious decision making, and the management and utilization of talents and abilities. This theory helps a person discover himself by understanding his way and living, but not just the mere thinking or psychological well-being which is applied also in nursing since it is very important to identify health problems that rooted from the person himself, specifically when we talk about his mental status or well-being. A self-actualized individual, according to Abraham Maslow's humanistic approach to personality, will take full advantage of opportunities on hand to them, and be open to exploring new ideas for enhancing their quality of life. There are unlimited opportunities available to all individuals according to Maslow, but only those who are self-actualized will hold these opportunities. This implies that the state of individuals mental health affects his goal-reaching capacity. The main purpose of the existential theories also emphasizes a more holistic approach. Much has been written about making the most of one's own potential, and coming to terms with one's own humanity. As Rollo said "Consciousness and choices are interrelated. As people make more free choices, they gain more insight into who they are; that is, they develop a greater sense of being. 2.COMMUNITY NURSING THEORIES A.Milios Framework of prevention Nancy Milio a nurse and leader in public health policy and public health education developed a framework for prevention that includes concepts of community-oriented, population focused care.(1976,1981). The basic article is that behavioral patterns of populations and individuals who make up populations are a result of habitual selection from limited choices. The community is always in need of selections for their life support which they consider as a priority obligation of the government. This theory challenges the notion that lack of knowledge is a determinant of unhealthful behavior, instead she proposed that Governmental and institutional policies set the range of options for personal choice making. It is important for the people in a community to know and to access the different programs which are given by the national and local government. The limited resources which the community has arent always the problem but the accessibility and the awareness of the people that the government have life supports for them. It is in this knowledge that we talk with the people certain concerns, primarily for their health that facilities like health centers are found in each community with health programs that were made to improve their living. B.Salmon Whites construct for public health nursing

Mark Salmon White (1982) describes a public health as an organized societal effort to protect, promote and restore the health of people and public health nursing as focused on achieving and maintaining public health. He gave 3 practice priorities i.e.; prevention of disease and poor health, protection against disease and external agents and promotion of health. For these 3 general categories of nursing intervention have also been put forward, they are: education directed toward voluntary change in the attitude and behavior of the subjects engineering directed at managing risk-related variables enforcement directed at mandatory regulation to achieve better health. Scope of prevention spans individual, family, community and global care. Intervention target is in 4 categories:

Human/Biological Environmental Medical/technological/organizational Social

This theory is applicable for the general purpose of our COPAR since the theory mainly talks about societal effort. together with us, the community people, came up with solutions regarding their concerns to further develop their area and solve apparent problems like waste management and disaster management. C. Block and Jostens Ethical Theory of population focused nursing Derryl Block and Lavohn Josten, public health educators proposed this based on intersecting fields of public health and nursing. They have given 3 essential elements of population focused nursing that stem from these 2 fields: an obligation to population the primacy of prevention centrality of relationship- based care The first two are from public health and the third element from nursing. Hence it implies to nursing that relation-based care is very important in population focused care. During our health teaching programs, we always emphasize the importance of prevention, it is our obligation as health care providers to give knowledge to the people on how they can improve living and to give them knowledge on the different measures to avoid not just health related problems but including those that affect their social well-being.

D.Canadian Model for community The community health nurse works with individuals, families, groups, communities, populations, systems and/or society, but at all times the health of the person or community is the focus and motivation from which nursing actions flow. The standards of practice are applied to practice in all settings where people live, work, learn, worship and play.

The community health nursing process involves the traditional nursing process components of assessment, planning, intervention and evaluation but is enhanced by community health nurses in three dimensions:individual/community participation in each component,multiple ways of knowing, each of which is necessary to understand the complexity and diversity of nursing in the community; knowledge and utilization of all these ways of knowing forms evidence-based practice consistent with these standards, andthe inherent influence of the broader environment on the individual/community that is the focus of care (e.g. the community will be affected by provincial/territorial policies, its own economic status and by the actions of its individual citizens). The standards of practice are founded on the values and beliefs of community health nurses, and utilization of the community health nursing process. The theory implies the dynamic nature of community health nursing practice, embracing the present and projecting into the future. The values and beliefs ground practice in the present yet guide the evolution of community health nursing practice over time. The community health nursing process provides the vehicle through which community health nurses work with people, and supports practice that exemplifies the standards of community health nursing. The standards of practice revolve around both the values and beliefs and the nursing process with the energies of community health nursing always being focused on improving the health of people in the community and facilitating change in systems or society in support of health. Community health nursing practice does not occur in isolation but rather within an environmental context, such as policies within their workplace and the legislative framework applicable to their work.