0.

098884
D132A1 +3 D132A1 +15

0.1489968
D132C1 +6

tan Vert. Compression Uplift Transversal Shear Longitudinal Shear

0.098884 87446 98372 85084 96010 3104 4037 2673 3053

0.1489968 118116 108818 4558 2273

Embedment Depth of Stub from Ground Level (m) Dist. From bottom of stuyb to bottom of pad (m)

Auger 900

D132A1 P&C 2550 100

Rock 1250 100

0.1489968
D132C1 +12

0.191946
D132E1/F1 +6 D132E1/F1 +12

0.1489968 122510 112088 4002 1897

0.191946 154221 158498 143666 146890 5531 4844 6488 5640

Auger 1093

D132C1 P&C 2500 200

Rock 1250 100

Auger 1210

D132E1/F1 P&C 2800 200

Rock 1250 100

PAD AND CHIMNEY FOUNDATION DESIGN

Tower Type : Soil Type : B Soil Description : 1. DESIGN CRITERIA 1.1 LOADS [ in leg slope direction ] Max base reactions Compression, C Uplift, U Transversal Shear, ST Longitudinal Shear, SL 1.2 DESIGN PARAMETERS Concrete compressive strength @ 28 days (cylinder), f'c Reinforcement steel yield strength, fy Unit weight of concrete, c 1.3 SOIL PROPERTIES 1.3.1 From soil investigtion report Average SPT value, N Unit weight of soil, s Unit weight of backfill material, b angle of internal friction, Frustum Angle (cone failure), allowable soil bearing pressure, qa 1.4 REINFORCEMENT DETAILS Diameter of pad bar, dp Diameter of chimney bar, dc Diameter of tie bars, dt Spacing of tie bars, sp Clear cover to reinforcement, cc Face tangent of tower, Ft 2. CONCEPTUAL SHAPE & FOUNDATION DIMENSIONS Chimney dimension, b Height of chimney from ground level, E D D1 pt h1 h2 1.00 0.55 2.60 2.00 0.60 0.50 0.10 m m m m m m m 20.00 20.00 10.00 125.00 75.00 mm mm mm mm mm > 15 1800.00 1800.00 30.00 30.00 20000.00 count kg/m3 kg/m3 degrees degrees kg/m2 305.00 kg/cm2 4200.00 kg/cm2 2400.00 kg/m3 Act. Loads 88715.31 73929.43 SF 1.6 1.3 1.4 1.4 unit: kg Unit Loads 141944.50 96108.26 0.00 0.00

a k tw CHECKS FOR STABILITY ultimate loads 96108.259 < 0.19 < 0.34 < 16366.02 < 24473.19 < 6.86 < 11436.05 < 1.5 < CHECKS FOR STRENGTH 0.0023 17.95 cm c/c 31.83 nos 10.43 cm c/c 1.46 < 1.57

4.50 m 0.25 m 4.00 m

UPLIFT PAD THICKNESS ECCENTRICITY COMPRESSION LATERAL FORCE ( base friction ) LATERAL FORCE ( shear friction ) O.T.M. ( US beureu of recla. ) O.T.M. ( converntional method )

capacity 181217.58 0.52 0.75 20000.00 25022.36 100.00 47268.79 3.10

% OF STEEL FOR PAD SPACING OF PAD BARS NO. OF BARS IN CHIMNEY SPACING OF CHIMNEY BARS TIE BARS 3. CHECK FOR UPLIFT RESISTANCE 3.1 SELF WEIGHT OF FOOTING [ SW ] Volume of concrete below ground (VCbg) V1 = a2 x h2 V2 = (h1/3) x [a2 + tw2 + a x tw] V3 = (b2 x D1) VCbg = V1 + V2 + V3 Volume of concrete above ground (Vcag) Vcag = b2 x E SW = (VCbg + Vcag) c

2.03 9.04 2.00 13.07

m3 m3 m3 m3

0.55 m3 32680.00 kg

3.2 WEIGHT OF SOIL (backfill) ABOVE THE BASE [ WS ] Volume of soil on the pad (VS) = (tw2 - b2) D1 WS = VS x b 3.3 WEIGHT OF SOIL IN FRUSTUM CONE [ FW ] Frustum bottom width (= a) Frustum top width [B] = a + 2D tan () VSC = (D/3) x [a2 + B2 + a x B] - VCbg - VS FW = VSC x s 4.50 m 7.50 m 52.52 m3 94537.58 kg 30.00 m3 54000.00 kg

Total Resistance against uplift (RU) = SW + WS + FW 181218 > 96109 --- OK --- UPLIFT CHECK IS SATISFIED. 4. CHECK FOR COMPRESSION RESISTANCE 4.1 PAD THICKNESS FROM PUNCHING SHEAR CHECK Ultimate downward loads (V) = C + SW + WS Area of the base (Ab) = a2 Intensity of upward pressure () = V / Ab Effective depth (de) = pt - cc - (dp / 2) Punching width (do) = b + de Punching perimeter (bo) = 4 x do Design punching shear load (Vps) = V - (do2 x ) (Vps = load resisted by punching area) Ultimate shear strength of pad (Vss) = 4 x 2651.4 x f'c x bo x der [ACI-11-38] Equate the Ultimate shear strength with design punching shear load ( Vss = Vps) der = Vps / (4 x 2651.4 x f'c x bo) 0.19 < 0.52 --- OK --- ASSUMED PAD THICKNESS IS OK. 4.2 BEARING WITH ULTIMATE LOADS / COMPRESSION CHECK Resultant Shear (RS) = (ST2 + SL2) Applied moment at base (Ma) = RS x (E + D) Ecentricity (e) = Ma / V Limit eccentricity (el) = a / 6 e < el --- 0.34 < 0.75 --- OK --Ultimate pressure distribution (p') = (V / Ab) (1 (6e / a)) p'max = (V / Ab) (1 + (6e / a)) p'min = (V / Ab) (1 - (6e / a)) p'max < qa --- 16367 < 20000 --- OK --- COMPRESSION CHECK SATISFIED. 5.a CHECK ON LATERAL STABILITY BY FRICTION ON FOUNDATION BASE Lateral stability = si (SW + WS) (shall be >RS)

181217.58 kg

228624.50 kg 20.25 11290.10 0.52 1.52 6.06 m2 kg / m2 m m m

211520.00 kg

0.19 m

24473.19 77090.55 0.34 0.75

kg kg - m m m

16366.02 kg / m2 6214.18 kg / m2

si = friction between soil & concrete = tan /2 SW = self weight of concrete WS = weight of backfill on pad Lateral stability =

0.29 32680.00 kg 54000.00 kg 25022.36 kg

25023 > 24474 (RESULTANT SHEAR) --- OK --5.b LATERAL STABILITY BY SHEAR FRICTION PROVISIONS OF ACI-318 Lateral forces shallb e transferred to supporting footing in accordance with shear fricton provisions of clause # 17.7 (refer cl. 15.8.1.4 of ACI 318). The required area of shear transfer reinforcement (Avf) = Vu / ( x fy x ) Vu = Factored shear force @ section = Resultant Shear (RS) fy = Specified yield strength of reinforcement = Stength reduction factor (ref. Cl. 9.3.2.3 for shear) = Coefficient of friction (ref. Cl. 11.7.4.3 - ACI318) Avf = (11-26 of ACI-318) 24473.19 kg 4200.00 kg/cm2 0.85 1.00 6.86 cm2 [Refer item # 8 - Design of Chimney Reifnorcement]

The lateral forces are safely transferred 6.a CHECK ON OVERTURNING STABILITY (reference: US Bureau of Reclamation) W/2 0.67 (U x Y + R x X - (a x WC / 3)) / (5a / 6 - k / 2) where W/2 = half the weight of soil cone alone (FW) According to US Bureau, if the above equation satisifies the factor of safety > 1.5 W/2= U = uplift (sevice load) Y = distance from center of pad to the point of overturning (a/2 - a/6) R = resultant shear (service load) X = shear lever arm (D + E) WC = weight of concrete k = undercut width 0.67 (U x Y + R x X - (a x WC / 3)) / (5a / 6 - k / 2) = W / 2 = 47269 > 11437--- OK --- SAFETY FACTOR AGAINST OVERTURNING IS > 1.5 6.b CHECK ON OVERTURNING STABILITY Instability moment caused by uplift & resusltant shear (Mo) Mo = U x a / 2 + R x X Resistance moment offered by foundation (Mr) By concrete weight (Mr1) = WC x a / 2 By Backfill weight (Mr2) = WS x a / 2 By half coil cone weight (Mr3) = 0.5 x WF x (a - k / 2) By soil pressure on half pad (Mr4) = x Ab / 2 73530.00 121500.00 206800.96 114312.25 kg - m kg - m kg - m kg - m 47268.79 73929.43 1.50 0.00 3.15 32680.00 0.25 kg kg m kg m kg m

11436.05 kg

166341.22 kg - m

Mr = Mr1 + Mr2 + Mr3 + Mr4 Factor of Safety against overturnign moment = Mr / Mo F.O.S. against overturning = 3.11 > 1.5 --- OK ---

516143.21 kg - m 3.10

STRENGTH DESIGN
7. DESIGN OF PAD REINFORCEMENT Consider 1 meter wide strip of pad ( B = 100 cm) Maximum bending moment occurs at face of support Distance from edge of footing to face of support (x) = (a - b) / 2 p'max = p'min = p' at face of support (p'x) = p'max - [(p'max - p'min) / a] x Maximum bending moment (BM) BM = p'x * B * x2 / 2 + [(p'max-p'x) * B * x2 / 2] * 2 / 3 Mu = 0.9 * f'c * B * de2 * w * (1 - 0.59w) 2304537.37 kg - cm 1.75 m 16366.02 kg / m2 6214.18 kg / m2 12418.08 kg / m2 B= 100.00 cm

0.9 f ' c B de 2 w (1 0.59w) BM

w= = w * f'c / fy min = design = Ast = design * B * de Area of pad bar (Astp) = 0.25 * * dp2 Spacing of bars required (SPpb) = Astp * B / Ast Provide 20 mm dia bars @ a spacing of 180 mm top & bottom [both ways] 8. DESIGN OF CHIMNEY REINFORCEMENT Chimney shall be designed to withstand the total uplift loads and the applied moment due to shear. Applied moment due to horizontal shear at chimney base (Ma) Ma = RS x (E + D1) 0.03226821 0.0023 0.0034 0.0034 17.51 cm2 / m 3.14 cm2 17.95 cm

6240663.45 kg - cm

Calculate the moment reinforcement in tension controlled regions for rectangular sections as per Whitney & Hognestead formula, Ast(m) = Ma / ( x fy x ds) where ds = core width = b - (2 x cc) - dc ds = b - (2 x cc) - dc Ast(m) = Ma / ( x fy x ds) 83.00 cm 19.89 cm2

Reinforcement for ultimate uplift, Ast(u) = U / ( x fy) Ast(u) = U / ( x fy) Total Reinforcement for chimney (Ast) = Ast(m) + Ast(u) Minimum steel = 1% of chimney gross area Area of each chimney bar (Astc) = 0.25 * * dc2 Total number of bars required (Nc) = Spacing of chimney bars = (b - 2cc -dc) x 4 / Nc Provide 32 nos. of 20 mm dia. bars @ a spacing of 104 mm center-to-center for chimney 9. TIE BARS FOR CHIMNEY (as per ACI 318 clause 7.10.5 & 11.5.6) At = 0.25 x x dt2 b1 = b / 2 Area of tie bars required (Ar) = RS x sp / (fy x b1) Ar = 1.46 sq.cm < At x 2 nos. = 1.58 sq.cm --- OK --Provide 10 mm dia. tie bars @ a spacing of 1250 mm center-to-center in chimney area

25.43 cm2 45.32 cm2 100.00 cm2 3.14 cm2 31.83 nos. 10.43 cm

0.79 cm2 50.00 cm 1.46 cm2

kg/cm2 kg/cm2 kg/m3

count kg/m3 kg/m3 degrees degrees kg/m2

OK

[ square ]

OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK

kg / m2

kg - m

kg / m2 kg / m2

kg/cm2

<<< #### cm2 Design of Chimney Reifnorcement]

kg - m

kg - m kg - m kg - m kg - m

kg - m

kg / m2 kg / m2 kg / m2

kg - cm

min f ' c /(4 fy) 1.4 / fy

cm2 / m

kg - cm

width of chimney height of pedestal from ground level height from ground level to top of pad upper width of pad lower width of pad depth of pad (inclined) depth of pad (vertical) depth of lean concrete depth of backfill (top layer) upper width of backfill (top layer) lower width of backfill (top layer) spacing of tie bars above ground spacing of tie bars below ground spacing of pad reinforcement

meter 1.00 0.55 2.00 4.00 4.50 0.50 0.10 0.1 0.15 5.7 6.00 0.15 m 0.13 m 0.16 m

VERTICAL BAR Tan Vert 0.202888 theta 11.46898 degrees beta 78.53102 degrees vertical length of reinforcing bar concrete cover diameter of bottom reinf of pad effective vertical height effective slant length horizontal hook total length of vertical bar TIE BAR width of tie bar hook length total length of tie bar TOP REINFORCEMENT OF PAD angle from the horizontal of slope edge of pad horizontal distance 75mm from the top of pad horizontal distance 75mm from slope side horizontal length hook length total length of top reinforcement BOTTOM REINFORCEMENT OF PAD horizontal distance 75mm from slope side horizontal length hook length total length of top reinforcement 3.1 m 0.075 m 0.02 m 2.91 m 2.97 m 0.35 m 3.32 m

Volume of concrete Volume of excavation Volume of backfill

13.66667 cu. m. 45.09167 cu. m. 35.1345 cu. m.

0.85 m 0.2 m 3.80 m

Weight of reinforcing bars Mark Bar dia. Weight/m Length (m) No. Req'd. Weight (kg) 1 20.00 2.47 3.32 32 262.4128 2 10.00 0.62 3.80 4 9.424 3 10.00 0.62 3.80 17 40.052 4 20.00 2.47 4.53 50 559.455 5 20.00 2.47 4.85 56 670.852 1542.1958

63.43495 0.0375 0.083853 3.925 0.3 4.53

degrees m m m m m

HOOK LENGTH A C E/F

meter 250 250 300

0.225 4.35 m 0.25 m 4.85 m