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BSC6900 GSM
Hardware Configuration Modes The BSC6900 features flexible configuration modes. The configuration modes vary according to the scenario. Learn the following concepts for a better understanding of the BSC6900. BM/TC The MPS and EPS are collectively known as Basic Module (BM) subrack, and the TCS is known as TransCoder (TC) subrack. Main TCS The TCS that forwards the OM signals to other TCSs is called the main TCS. All other TCSs are called extension TCSs. The main TCS is determined by both the cable connections and the data configuration. For details of the cable connections, see switching subsystem. Subrack Configuration Modes The BSC6900 subracks can be configured in three modes:
BM/TC separated In BM/TC separated configuration mode, the BSC6900 is configured with the MPS, EPS, and TCS (local or remote). Features: In this configuration mode, the installation location of the TCS is flexible. The TCS can be installed in the TCR and be placed on the CN side, thereby saving the transmission resources between the BSC6900 and the CN. Alternatively, the TCS can be installed in the same cabinet as the MPS or EPS and be placed on the BSC6900side.
BM/TC combined In BM/TC combined configuration mode, the boards of the TCS are installed in the MPS or in the EPS, with the subrack names unchanged. Features: Compared with the BSC6900 in BM/TC separated configuration mode, the BSC6900 in this configuration mode has high hardware integration. When the capacity is the same, the BSC6900 in this configuration mode has fewer cabinets and subracks.
A over IP In A over IP transmission mode, layer 3 of the protocol stack on the A interface adopts the IP protocol. In this case, the BSC6900 is configured with the MPS and EPS but not with the TCS. The TC function is performed by the Media Gateway (MGW). Features: In this configuration mode, the BSC6900 has a smaller number of cabinets and subracks. The BSC6900 must be interconnected with the specific MGW.
The three subrack configuration modes are mutually exclusive. That is, one BSC6900 uses only one configuration mode. Functions of the DPUc Board The DPUc board processes voice services and data services. The DPUc board performs the following functions:
Provides the speech format conversion and data forwarding functions The DPUc board in the MPS/EPS performs the preceding functions in any of the following configuration modes: BM/TC combined, A over IP and Abis over IP, or A over IP and Abis over HDLC.
Encodes and decodes voice services The DPUc board in the MPS/EPS performs the preceding function in either of the following configuration modes: BM/TC combined or A over IP and Abis over TDM. The DPUc board in the TCS performs the preceding function in BM/TC separated configuration mode.
Provides the Tandem Free Operation (TFO) function When the calling MS and the called MS use the same voice coding scheme, the voice signals are encoded only once at the calling MS side and decoded only once at the called MS side. This avoids repeated encoding and decoding and improves the quality of speech services.
Processes the PS services on up to 1,024 simultaneously active PDCHs where signals are coded in MCS9 Processes packet links Detects packet faults automaticall.
Functions of the EIUa Board The EIUa board provides E1/T1 transmission for the BSC6900. The EIUa board performs the following functions:
Provides four E1/T1 electrical ports for TDM transmission Transmits, receives, encodes, and decodes 32 E1s/T1s. The E1 transmission rate is 2.048 Mbit/s; the T1 transmission rate is 1.544 Mbit/s Processes signals according to the LAPD protocol Processes signals according to the SS7 MTP2 protocol Provides the Tributary Protect Switch (TPS) function between the active and standby EIUa boards Provides the OM links when the TCS is configured on the MSC side Supports the A, Abis, Ater, and Pb interfaces.
Functions of the FG2a Board As an interface board, the FG2a board provides IP over Ethernet. The FG2a board performs the following functions:
Provides eight channels over FE ports or two channels over GE ports Provides the routing-based backup and load sharing Supports the A, Abis, and Gb interface
Functions of the FG2c Board As an interface board, the FG2c board supports IP over Ethernet transmission. The FG2c board performs the following functions:
Provides the link aggregation function at the MAC layer Provides the routing-based backup and load sharing Supports the transmission of data over all its Ethernet ports on the basis of the synchronized clock signals Supports the Abis, A, and Gb interfaces
Functions of the GCUa Board The GCUa board provides the synchronization clock signals for the system. The GCUa board performs the following functions:
Traces, generates, and maintains the synchronization clock The standby GCUa board traces the clock phase of the active GCUa board. This ensures the smooth output of the clock phase in the case of active/standby switchover.
Functions of the GOUa Board As an optical interface board, the GOUa board supports IP over Ethernet. The GOUa board performs the following functions:
Provides two channels over GE optical ports, which are used for IP transmission Provides the Tributary Protect Switch (TPS) function between the active and standby boards Supports the A and Abis interfaces
Functions of the GOUc Board As an optical interface board, the GOUc board supports IP over Ethernet transmission. The GOUc board performs the following functions:
Provides four channels over GE optical ports Provides the routing-based backup and load sharing Extracts line clock signals Supports the Abis, A, and Gb interfaces
Provides one STM-1 port for TDM transmission Provides the Automatic Protection Switching (APS) function between the active and standby OIUa boards Provides one channelized STM-1 with the transmission rate of 155.52 Mbit/s Processes signals according to the LAPD protocol Processes signals according to the SS7 MTP2 protocol Provides the OM links when the TCS is configured on the MSC side Supports the A, Abis, Ater, and Pb interfaces.
Functions of the OMUa Board The OMUa board works as a bridge for the communication between the Local Maintenance Terminal (LMT) and the other boards in the BSC6900. The OMUa board performs the following functions in the BSC6900:
Performing the configuration management, performance management, fault management, security management, and loading management functions for the system Providing the LMT/M2000 users with the operation and maintenance port of the BSC6900 system, to control the communication between the LMT/M2000 and the SCUa board of the BSC6900
Functions of the PAMU Board: The PAMU board is used to monitor the power distribution box at the top of the BSC6900 cabinet. The PAMU board performs the following functions:
Detects the voltage of six -48 V power inputs and reports related alarms Detects the status of the power switches for 20 power outputs and reports related alarms
Enables the switchover when faults occur in the serial port communication, and communicates with the SCUa board Provides two RS485 and two RS232 asynchronous serial ports
Functions of the PEUa Board As an interface board, the PEUa board supports E1/T1 transmission. The PEUa board performs the following functions:
Provides 32 channels of E1s/T1s for HDLC transmission Provides the Tributary Protect Switch (TPS) function between the active and standby PEUa boards Transmits, receives, encodes, and decodes 32 channels of E1s/T1s. The E1 transmission rate is 2.048 Mbit/s; the T1 transmission rate is 1.544 Mbit/s. Supports the Abis and Gb interfaces
Functions of the PFCU Board The PFCU board is used to monitor the fan box. The PFCU board performs the following functions:
Monitors the working status of the fans in the fan box and displays the status through the LED Communicates with the SCUa board, to report the working status of the fan box Collects temperature information and detects the temperature through temperature sensors Provides Pulse-Width Modulation (PWM) control signals which are used to adjust the fan speed Reports the working status and alarms of the fans in the fan box through the LED.
Functions of the POUc Board As an interface board, the POUc board supports IP over channelized STM1/OC-3 transmission. The POUc board performs the following functions:
Provides four channels over channelized optical STM-1/OC-3 ports based on IP protocol Supports the PPP function
Extracts line clock signals Provides the Automatic Protection Switching (APS) function between the active and standby POUc boards Supports the A, Abis, Gb, Ater interfaces
Functions of the SCUa Board The SCUa board provides the maintenance management and GE switching platform for the subrack in which it is located. Thus, the BSC6900 internal MAC switching is implemented and the internal switching in turn enables complete connection between all modules of the BSC6900. The SCUa board performs the following functions:
Provides the maintenance management function Provides configuration and maintenance of a subrack or of the entire BSC6900 Monitors the power supply, fans, and environment of the cabinet Supports the port trunking function Supports the active/standby switchover Enables inter-subrack connections Provides a total switching capacity of 60 Gbit/s Distributes clock signals and RFN signals for the BSC6900
Functions of the TNUa Board The TNUa board provides the TDM switching and serves as the switching center for the CS services of the entire system. The TNUa board performs the following functions:
Provides 128 kbit/s x 128 kbit/s TDM switching Allocates the TDM network resources
Functions of the XPUa Board Loaded with different software, the XPUa board is functionally divided into main control XPUa board and non-main control XPUa board. The main control XPUa board is used to manage the user plane and control plane resources in the system and process the signaling. The non-main control XPUa board is used to process the signaling.
Managing the user plane resources; managing the load sharing of the user plane resources between subracks Maintaining the load of the control plane within the subrack; exchanging the load information on the control planes between subracks Providing functions such as the logical main control function of the BSC6900, the IMSI-RNTI maintenance and query, and the IMSI-CNid maintenance and query Forwarding the RRC connection request message to implement the sharing of user plane resources and sharing of control plane resources in the BSC6900
Subsystems 1 to 3 of the main control XPUa board belong to the CPU for Service (CPUS), which is used to process the signaling. The functions are described as follows:
Processing upper-layer signaling over the A, Um, Abis, and Ater interfaces Processing transport layer signaling Allocating and managing various resources, such as PVC, AAL2, AAL2 PATH, GTP-U, PDCP, IUUP, RLC, MAC-d, MDC, and FP, which are necessary for service setup, and establishing signaling and service connections Processing RFN signaling
Non-Main Control XPUa Board The non-main control XPUa board has four logical subsystems. The four subsystems of the non-main control XPUa board belong to the CPUS, which is used to process the signaling. The functions are described as follows:
Processing upper-layer signaling over the A, Um, Abis, and Ater interfaces Processing transport layer signaling Allocating and managing various resources, such as PVC, AAL2, AAL2 PATH, GTP-U, PDCP, IUUP, RLC, MAC-d, MDC, and FP, which are
Functions of the XPUb Board Loaded with different software, the XPUb board is functionally divided into main control XPUb board and non-main control XPUb board. The main control XPUb board is used to manage the user plane and control plane resources in the system and process the signaling. The non-main control XPUb board is used to process the signaling. Main Control XPUb Board:The main control XPUb board has eight logical subsystems. Subsystem 0 of the main control XPUb board is the Main Processing Unit (MPU). It is used to manage the user plane resources, control plane resources, and the DSP status of the system. The functions are described as follows:
Managing the user plane resources; managing the load sharing of the user plane resources between subracks Maintaining the load of the control plane within the subrack; exchanging the load information on the control planes between subracks Providing functions such as the logical main control function of the BSC6900, the IMSI-RNTI maintenance and query, and the IMSI-CNid maintenance and query Forwarding the RRC connection request message to implement the sharing of user plane resources and sharing of control plane resources in the BSC6900
Subsystems 1 to 7 of the main control XPUb board belong to the CPU for Service (CPUS), which is used to process the signaling. The functions are described as follows:
Processing upper-layer signaling over the A, Um, Abis, and Ater interfaces Processing transport layer signaling Allocating and managing various resources, such as PVC, AAL2, AAL2 PATH, GTP-U, PDCP, IUUP, RLC, MAC-d, MDC, and FP, which are necessary for service setup, and establishing signaling and service connections Processing RFN signaling
Processing upper-layer signaling over the A, Um, Abis, and Ater interfaces Processing transport layer signaling Allocating and managing various resources, such as PVC, AAL2, AAL2 PATH, GTP-U, PDCP, IUUP, RLC, MAC-d, MDC, and FP, which are necessary for service setup, and establishing signaling and service connections Processing RFN signaling
Switching Subsystem The switching subsystem performs switching of traffic data, signaling, and OM signals. Position of the Switching Subsystem in the Overall Structure of the System The switching subsystem consists of two types of logical modules: MAC switching and TDM switching. Figure 1 and Figure 2 show the position of the switching subsystem in the overall structure of the system, with the modules highlighted in apricot.
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Functions
Provides intra-subrack Medium Access Control (MAC) switching Provides intra-subrack Time Division Multiplexing (TDM) switching Provides inter-subrack MAC switching and TDM switching Distributes clock signals to the service processing boards
Hardware Involved The switching subsystem consists of the SCUa boards, TNUa boards, highspeed backplane channels in each subrack, cables between SCUa boards, and inter-TNUa cables.
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Network Topologies Between Subracks The BSC6900 subracks can be connected in the star or mesh topology. See (1) and (2) in Figure 3, where the dots represent subracks.
Star topology One node functions as the center node and it is connected to each of the other nodes. The communication between the other nodes must be switched by the center node.
Mesh topology There is a connection between every two nodes. When any node is out of service, the communication between other nodes is not affected.
In the switching subsystem of the BSC6900, the star topology is established among the MAC switching logical modules, and the mesh topology is established among the TDM switching logical modules. Inter-Subrack Connection The MAC switching logical modules switch the ATM/IP traffic data, OM signals, and signaling. The switching is performed by the SCUa boards and the cables between the SCUa boards. The inter-subrack connections related to MAC switching can be classified into the following types:
Interconnections between the MPS and the EPSs The MPS functions as the main subrack, and a maximum of three EPSs function as extension subracks. The star interconnections between the MPS
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Interconnections between the TCSs One TCS functions as the main subrack, and a maximum of three TCSs function as extension subracks. The star interconnections between the TCSs are established through the cables between the SCUa boards, as shown in Figure 5.
Figure 4 Interconnections between subracks through the cables between the SCUa boards (MPS/EPS)
Figure 5 Interconnections between subracks through the cables between the SCUa boards (TCS)
The TDM switching logical modules switch the TDM-based traffic data. The switching is performed by the TNUa boards and the inter-TNUa cables. The
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Interconnections between the MPS and the EPSs The mesh interconnections between the MPS and the EPSs are established through the inter-TNUa cables, as shown in Figure 6.
Interconnections between the TCSs The mesh interconnections between the TCSs are established through the inter-TNUa cables, as shown in Figure 7.
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Functions
User data transfer System admission control Radio channel ciphering and deciphering
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Data integrity protection Mobility management Radio resource management and control Cell broadcast service control System information and user message tracing Data volume reporting Radio access management CS service processing PS service processing
Service processing subsystems can be increased as required according to the linear superposition principle. Thus, the service processing capability of the BSC6900 is expanded. Service processing subsystems communicate with each other through the switching subsystem to form a resource pool and perform tasks cooperatively. Hardware Involved The service processing subsystem consists of the XPUa, XPUb, DPUc, and DPUd boards. The XPUa and XPUb boards perform signaling processing. The DPUc and DPUd boards perform service processing. Interface Processing Subsystem The interface processing subsystem provides transmission ports and resources, processes transport network messages, and enables interaction between BSC6900 internal data and external data. Position of the Interface Processing Subsystem in the Overall Structure of the System The interface processing subsystem consists of three types of interfaces: ATM interfaces, IP interfaces, and TDM interfaces. Figure 1 and Figure 2 show the position of the interface processing subsystem in the overall structure of the system, with the interfaces highlighted in apricot.
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Functions
The interface processing subsystem provides the following types of ATM, IP, and TDM interfaces.
E1/T1 electrical ports STM-1 optical ports FE/GE electrical ports GE optical ports
The interface processing subsystem processes transport network messages. It also hides the differences between transport network messages within the BSC6900. On the uplink, the interface processing subsystem terminates transport network messages at the interface boards. It also transfers the user plane, control plane, and management plane datagrams to the corresponding service processing boards. The processing of the signal flow on the downlink is the reverse of the processing of the signal flow on the uplink.
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Functions The clock synchronization subsystem can provide the following clock sources: Building Integrated Timing Supply System (BITS) clock, , external 8 kHz clock, and LINE clock. The clock synchronization subsystem ensures the reliability of the clock signals. The BSC6900 provides reference clock sources for base stations. Clock signals are transmitted from the BSC6900 to base stations over the Abis interface. Hardware Involved The clock synchronization subsystem consists of the GCUa board.
OM Subsystem The OM subsystem enables the management and maintenance of the BSC6900 in the following scenarios: routine maintenance, emergency maintenance, upgrade, and capacity expansion. Position of the OM Subsystem in the Overall Structure of the System Figure 1 shows the position of the OM subsystem in the overall structure of the system, with the OM module highlighted in apricot.
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Functions The OM subsystem provides the following types of management for the BSC6900:
Data Configuration Management Security Management Performance Management Alarm Management Loading Management Upgrade Management BTS Loading Management
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Hardware Involved The OM subsystem consists of the OMUa board. Clock Synchronization Process The BSC6900 processes external clock signals before sending them to its boards. The clock synchronization process varies slightly from one subrack to another. Process of Clock Synchronization in the MPS/EPS The clock signals of the MPS/EPS are provided by the clock board. The clock board can extract clock signals from an external device or extract LINE clock signals from the A interface.
Figure 1 shows the process of clock synchronization in the MPS/EPS when the clock board extracts clock signals from an external device. Figure 2 shows the process of clock synchronization in the MPS/EPS when the clock board extracts LINE clock signals from the A interface.
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As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2, the process of clock synchronization in the MPS/EPS is as follows: 1. If an external clock is used, external clock signals travel to the clock board through the port on the panel of the clock board. If the LINE clock is used, clocks signals travel to the clock board through the backplane. 2. The clock source is phase-locked in the clock board to generate clock signals. The clock signals, then, are sent to the SCUa board in the MPS through the backplane and to the SCUa board in each EPS through the clock signal output ports. 3. The SCUa board in the MPS/EPS transmits the clock signals to the other boards in the same subrack through the backplane. NOTE: The Abis interface boards transmit the clock signals to base stations.
Process of Clock Synchronization in the TCS Figure 3 shows the process of clock synchronization in the TCS when the TCS extracts LINE clock signals from the A interface.
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1. The TCS extracts LINE clock signals from the A interface. Then, the LINE clock signals are processed by the A interface board to obtain the required clock signals. 2. In the TCS, the A interface board transmits the clock signals to the SCUa board through the backplane. Then, the SCUa board transmits the clock signals to the other boards in the TCS.
NOTE: In A over IP over Ethernet mode, the BSC6900 can extract only external clock signals. In A over IP over E1/T1 mode, the BSC6900 can extract only LINE clock signals.
TDM-Based Networking on the A/Gb Interface In TDM-based networking mode, the BSC6900 and the MSC/MGW/SGSN communicate with each other through the SDH/PDH network. Networking on the A Interface In this networking mode, the BSC6900 and the MSC/MGW communicate with each other through the SDH/PDH network. The EIUa/OIUa/POUc of the BSC6900 functions as the A interface board. The EIUa board provides E1/T1 ports, the OIUa board provides channelized STM-1 ports, and the POUc board provides channelized STM-1 ports and OC-3 ports. The following describes the networking modes on the A interface in different TCS configuration modes:
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Figure 1 shows the networking on the A interface in local TCS mode. Figure 2 shows the networking on the A interface in remote TCS mode.
Networking on the Gb Interface In this networking mode, the BSC6900 and the SGSN communicate with each other through the FR network. The PEUa/POUc board of the BSC6900 functions as the Gb interface board. The PEUa board provides E1/T1 ports, and the POUc board provides channelized STM-1 ports and OC-3 ports. Figure 3 shows the networking on the Gb interface. Figure 3 TDM-based networking on the Gb interface
Features of Networking Modes Advantages: The networking is mature, QoS-assured, safe, and reliable. Telecom operators can make full use of the SDH/PDH transmission network resources. Disadvantages: The cost of the TDM networking mode is higher than that of the IP networking mode.
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IP over Ethernet Networking In this networking mode, the BSC6900 and the CN communicate with each other through the IP network. The FG2a/FG2c board functions as the A/Gb interface board and provides FE/GE electrical ports. The GOUa/GOUc board functions as the A interface board and provides GE optical ports. The GOUc board functions as the Gb interface board and provides GE optical ports. See Figure 2. Figure 2 IP over Ethernet networking on the A/Gb interface
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Features of Networking Modes Advantages: The networking is mature, QoS-assured, safe, and reliable. Telecom operators can make full use of the SDH/PDH transmission network resources. Disadvantages: The cost of the TDM networking mode is higher than that of the IP networking mode. IP-Based Networking on the Abis Interface In IP-based networking mode, the BSC6900 and the base station communicate with each other through the IP/SDH/PDH network, and layer 3 of the protocol stack for the Abis interface uses the IP protocol.
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IP over Ethernet Networking (Layer 2) In this networking mode, the BSC6900 and the base station communicate with each other through the IP network, and the data transmitted between them is processed by the switch according to the data link layer protocol. The FG2a/GOUa/FG2c/GOUc board of the BSC6900 functions as the Abis interface board and provides FE/GE ports. Figure 2 shows the IP over Ethernet networking (layer 2). Figure 2 IP over Ethernet networking (layer 2)
IP over Ethernet Networking (Layer 3) In this networking mode, the BSC6900 and the base station communicate with each other through the IP network, and the data transmitted between them is processed by the router according to the IP protocol. The FG2a/GOUa/FG2c/GOUc board of the BSC6900 functions as the Abis interface board and provides FE/GE ports. Figure 3 shows the IP over Ethernet networking (layer 3).
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IP over E1 Networking
Telecom operators can make full use of the SDH/PDH transmission network resources. The networking is mature, QoS-assured, safe, and reliable. The base station provides large-capacity bandwidth through FE/GE ports, thus facilitating the upgrade and capacity expansion. The transmission network supports the evolution from the GSM TDM network to the IP network.
Disadvantages:
IP over E1 Networking This networking mode does not meet the requirements of the evolution from the telecom network to the IP network.
IP over Ethernet Networking The QoS of the network cannot be guaranteed easily. Therefore, the end-toend QoS mechanism must be adopted.
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Advantages: The networking is mature, QoS-assured, safe, and reliable. Telecom operators can make full use of the SDH/PDH transmission network resources. Disadvantages: The cost of the TDM networking mode is higher than that of the IP networking mode. IP-Based Networking on the Ater Interface In IP-based networking mode, the BM subrack and the TC subrack communicate with each other through the SDH/PDH network, and IP transmission is applied to the Ater interface. IP-Based Networking In this networking mode, the POUc board of the BSC6900 functions as the Ater interface board and provides channelized STM-1 ports and OC-3 ports. Figure 1 shows the IP-based networking on the Ater interface.
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Features of Networking Modes This networking mode provides large-capacity bandwidth on the Ater interface, thus reducing the CAPEX and OPEX. Transmission and Networking on the Pb Interface In external PCU configuration mode, TDM transmission can be applied to the Pb interface between the BSC6900 and the PCU. TDM-Based Networking In this networking mode, the EIUa/OIUa/POUc board of the BSC6900 functions as the Pb interface board. The EIUa board provides E1/T1 ports, the OIUa board provides channelized STM-1 ports, and the POUc board provides channelized STM-1 ports and OC-3 ports. Figure 1 shows the TDM-based networking on the Pb interface. Figure 1 TDM-based networking on the Pb interface
Features of Networking Modes Advantages: The networking is mature, QoS-assured, safe, and reliable. Telecom operators can make full use of the SDH/PDH transmission network resources. Disadvantages: The cost of the TDM networking mode is higher than that of the IP networking mode
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BSC6900 UMTS
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Switching Subsystem The switching subsystem performs switching of traffic data, signaling, and OM signals. Position of the Switching Subsystem in the BSC6900 System The switching subsystem consists of logical modules of one type: MAC switching. Figure 1 shows the position of the switching subsystem in the BSC6900 system, with the modules highlighted in apricot.
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Functions
Provides intra-subrack Medium Access Control (MAC) switching Provides inter-subrack MAC switching and TDM switching Distributes clock signals and RFN signals to the service processing boards
Hardware Involved The switching subsystem consists of the SCUa boards, high-speed backplane channels in each subrack, and crossover cables between SCUa boards.
Network Topologies Between Subracks The BSC6900 subracks can be connected in the star topology. See Figure 2, where the dots represent subracks. In the star topology, one node functions as the center node and it is connected to each of the other nodes. The communication between the other nodes must be switched by the center node.
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In the switching subsystem of the BSC6900, the star topology is established among the MAC switching logical modules. Inter-Subrack Connection The MAC switching logical module switches the ATM-based or IP-based traffic data, OM signals, and signaling. The switching is performed by the SCUa boards and the Ethernet cables between the SCUa boards. The MPS functions as the main subrack, and a maximum of five EPSs function as extension subracks. The star interconnections between the MPS and the EPSs are established through the Ethernet cables between the SCUa boards, as shown in Figure 3. Figure 3 Interconnections between subracks through the crossover cables between the SCUa boards (MPS/EPS)
Service Processing Subsystem The BSC6900 service processing subsystem performs the control functions defined in the 3GPP protocols and processes services of the BSC6900. Position of the Service Processing Subsystem in the BSC6900 System The service processing subsystem mainly consists of two logical modules: RNC control plane (CP) and RNC user plane (UP). Figure 1 shows the position of the service processing subsystem in the BSC6900 system, with the modules highlighted in apricot.
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User data transfer System admission control Radio channel ciphering and deciphering Data integrity protection Mobility management Radio resource management and control Cell broadcast service control System information and user message tracing Data volume reporting Radio access management CS service processing
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PS service processing
Service processing subsystems communicate with each other through the switching subsystem to form a resource pool and perform tasks cooperatively. They can be increased as required, according to the linear superposition principle, thereby improving the service processing capability of the BSC6900. Hardware Involved The service processing subsystem consists of the SPUa, SPUb, DPUb, and DPUe boards. The SPUa and SPUb boards process signaling. The DPUb and DPUe boards process services. Interface Processing Subsystem The interface processing subsystem provides transmission ports and resources, processes transport network messages, and enables interaction between the BSC6900 internal data and external data. Position of the Interface Processing Subsystem in the BSC6900 System The interface processing subsystem consists of two types of interfaces: ATM interfaces and IP interfaces. Figure 1 shows the position of the interface processing subsystem in theBSC6900 system, with the interfaces highlighted in apricot. Figure 1 Position of the interface processing subsystem in the BSC6900 system
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The interface processing subsystem provides the following types of IP and ATM interfaces.
E1/T1 electrical ports Channelized STM-1/OC-3 optical ports Unchannelized STM-1/OC-3 optical ports FE/GE electrical ports GE optical ports
The interface processing subsystem processes transport network messages and, also hides differences between them within the BSC6900. On the uplink, the interface processing subsystem terminates transport network messages at the interface boards. It also transmits the user plane, control plane, and management plane datagrams to the corresponding service processing boards. The processing of the signal flow on the downlink is the reverse of the processing of the signal flow on the uplink.
Hardware InvolvedThe interface processing subsystem consists of the Iu, Iur, and Iub interface boards Clock Synchronization Subsystem The clock synchronization subsystem provides clock signals for the BSC6900, generates the RNC Frame Number (RFN), and provides reference clock signals for base stations. Position of the Clock Synchronization Subsystem in the BSC6900 System Figure 1 shows the position of the clock synchronization subsystem in the BSC6900 system, with the clock module highlighted in apricot.
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Functions The clock synchronization subsystem provides the following clock sources for the BSC6900 and ensures the reliability of the clock signals:
Building Integrated Timing Supply System (BITS) clock Global Positioning System (GPS) clock External 8 kHz clock LINE clock
The BSC6900 provides reference clock sources for base stations. Clock signals are transmitted from the BSC6900 to base stations over the Iub interface. Hardware InvolvedThe clock synchronization subsystem consists of the GCUa/GCGa board. OM Subsystem The OM subsystem enables the management and maintenance of the BSC6900 in the following scenarios: routine maintenance, emergency maintenance, upgrade, and capacity expansion. Position of the OM Subsystem in the BSC6900 System Figure 1 shows the position of the OM subsystem in the BSC6900 system, with the OM module highlighted in apricot.
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Data Configuration Management Security Management Performance Management Alarm Management Loading Management Upgrade Management
Hardware Involved The OM subsystem consists of the OMUa board. CBC Signal Flow The data from the Iu-BC interface to the Iub interface refers to the Cell Broadcast Center (CBC) signal flow. Figure 1 shows the signal flow from the Iu-BC interface to the Iub interface.
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NOTE:
The INT in the figure stands for the interface board. You can use different interface boards as required. The boards shown in Figure 1 are only examples.
The signal flow is as follows: 1. The CBC sends the broadcast data to the Iu-BC interface board of the BSC6900 over the Iu-BC interface. 2. The Iu-BC interface board processes the data and then sends it to the SPUa board. 3. The SPUa board processes the data according to the Service Area Broadcast Protocol (SABP) and then sends the data to the target DPUb board. See signal flow 1 in Figure 1. If the SPUa board cannot process the data, the data travels to the MPS for switching. The MPS then sends the data to the target SPUa board, which processes the data according to the SABP. Then, the SPUa board sends the data to the DPUb board. See signal flow 2 in Figure 1. 4. The DPUb board processes the data according to the BMC, RLC, and MAC protocols and then sends the data to the Iub interface board. 5. The Iub interface board processes the data and then sends it to the NodeB.
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The NodeB broadcasts the data to the UEs in the cells served by the NodeB.
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Intra-BSC6900 data flow between Iub and Iu-CS/Iu-PS Inter-BSC6900 data flow between Iub and Iu-CS/Iu-PS
Intra-BSC6900 Data Flow Between Iub and Iu-CS/Iu-PS If the BSC6900 that receives the data from the Iub interface sends the data directly to the MSC/SGSN over the Iu-CS/Iu-PS interface, the data flow is called an intra-BSC6900 data flow between Iub and Iu-CS/Iu-PS. Figure 1 shows the intra-BSC6900 data flow between Iub and Iu-CS/Iu-PS. Figure 1 Intra-BSC6900 data flow between Iub and Iu-CS/Iu-PS
NOTE:
The INT in the figure stands for the interface board. You can use different interface boards as required. All the communications between the boards are switched by the SCUa boards. The boards shown in the figure are only examples.
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NOTE:
The INT in the figure stands for the interface board. You can use different interface boards as required. All the communications between the boards are switched by the SCUa boards.
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Signaling Flow on the Uu Interface The signaling flow on the Uu interface refers to the control plane messages (RRC messages) transmitted between the BSC6900 and the NodeB. RRC messages are signaling messages that travel between the UE and the BSC6900 when the UE accesses the network or when the UE communicates with the BSC6900. The RRC messages are used in the UE activities such as location updates and call setup. Intra-BSC6900 Signaling Flow on the Uu Interface Figure 1 shows the signaling flow on the Uu interface when one BSC6900 performs radio resource management and provides radio links for the UE. See signal flows 1 and 2 in the figure. Figure 1 Intra-BSC6900 signaling flow on the Uu interface
NOTE:
The INT in the figure stands for the interface board. You can use different interface boards as required. All the communications between the boards are switched by the SCUa boards.
As shown in the figure, the cross symbol in the MPS indicates the switching unit in the MPS. The signaling flow on the uplink is as follows:
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NOTE:
The INT in the figure stands for the interface board. You can use different interface boards as required. All the communications between the boards are switched by the SCUa boards.
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NOTE:
The INT in the figure stands for the interface board. You can use different interface boards as required. All the communications between the boards are switched by the SCUa boards.
As shown in the figure, the cross symbol in the MPS indicates the switching unit in the MPS. The signaling flow on the uplink is as follows: 1. The NodeB transmits the control-plane messages to the Iub interface board of the BSC6900 over the Iub interface. 2. The Iub interface board processes the messages and then sends them to the SPUa board where the messages are terminated. See signal flow 1 in Figure 1. If the SPUa board that processes the messages and the Iub interface board that receives the messages are located in different subracks, the messages travel to the MPS for switching. The MPS then sends the messages to the target SPUa board. See signal flow 2 in Figure 1. The downlink flow is the reverse of the uplink flow.
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NOTE:
The INT in the figure stands for the interface board. You can use different interface boards as required. All the communications between the boards are switched by the SCUa boards.
As shown in the figure, the cross symbol in the MPS indicates the switching unit in the MPS. The signaling flow on the downlink is as follows: 1. The MSC or SGSN sends the control-plane messages to the Iu interface board of the BSC6900 over the Iu interface, or another BSC6900 sends the control-plane messages to the Iur interface board of the local BSC6900 over the Iur interface. 2. The Iu/Iur interface board processes the messages and then sends them to the SPUa board in the same subrack for processing. See signal flow 1 in Figure 1. If the SPUa board in the same subrack as the Iu/Iur interface board cannot process the messages, the messages are switched by the MPS to the SPUa board in another subrack. See signal flow 2 in Figure 1.
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OM signal flow in the MPS 1. The OM signal is transmitted from the LMT or M2000 to the OMUa board. 2. After being processed by the OMUa board, the OM signal is transmitted to the SCUa board through the backplane of the MPS. 3. The SCUa board then transmits the OM signal to the service boards that require maintenance.
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In this networking mode, the two UOIa/UOIc boards for the Iu or Iur interface are not configured for backup. The Iu/Iur control plane PVCs are shared between two optical ports on different UOIa/UOIc boards. The same is applicable to the Iu/Iur user plane PVCs. Thus, the two optical ports share the load. If one of the optical ports is faulty, it is isolated and the services carried on it are disrupted. Then the traffic on the Iu or Iur interface reduces by half.
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Generally, the traffic on the Iur interface is light. Therefore, when the BSC6900 has a number of Iur interfaces where the traffic is light, the Iu and Iur interfaces can share an STM-1 transmission resource, and then the MGW separates the Iu PVC from the Iur PVC by using VC or VP switching. ATM-Based Networking In this networking mode, the UOIa/UOIc board of the BSC6900 functions as the Iu/Iur interface board and provides unchannelized STM-1 optical ports, as shown in Figure 4.
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In this networking mode, each Iu or Iur interface requires a pair of STM-1 optical cables for MSP 1+1 (single-end or both-end) or MSP 1:1 backup. In some cases rather than direct connection between the BSC6900 and the MSC or SGSN, the section-specific MSP backup at the BSC6900 protects only the optical channels between the BSC6900 and the ATM switch instead of all the optical channels between the BSC6900 and the MSC or SGSN. NOTE:
STM-1 sharing between the Iu and Iur interfaces is applicable to the ATMbased networking. In this case, the Iu and Iur interfaces share a pair of STM-1 optical cables to transmit data before the ATM switch separates the Iu PVC from the Iur PVC by using VC or VP switching. Load sharing is also applicable to the ATM-based networking. This networking mode is similar to the SDH-based networking with load sharing between optical ports.
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SDH-based networking with MSP backup between optical ports The transmission backup function provided by this networking mode helps guarantee high transmission reliability.
SDH-based networking with load sharing between optical ports This networking mode saves the optical ports and optical cables between the BSC6900 and the ADM, thus improving the optical resource utilization.
SDH-based networking with STM-1 shared between Iu and Iur In the case of a large number of Iur interfaces, the demand for transmission resources is high and the resource usage is low if each Iur interface occupies one STM-1 port. The SDH-based networking with STM-1 shared between Iu and Iur is resource-effective.
ATM-based networking The Iu and Iur interfaces can share a port or board for data transmission, thus saving the transmission resources and improving the resource usage.
Disadvantages:
SDH-based networking with MSP backup between optical ports For transmission backup, this networking mode requires double optical ports and cable resources.
SDH-based networking with load sharing between optical ports This networking mode does not provide transmission backup, thus reducing the transmission reliability. If an optical port or optical cable is faulty, the services carried on the faulty part are disrupted.
SDH-based networking with STM-1 shared between Iu and Iur This networking mode requires VC/VP switching at the MGW, thus increasing the load of the MGW.
ATM-based networking
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In this networking mode, the FE/GE ports of the BSC6900 work in active/standby mode. The active and standby FE/GE ports of the BSC6900 connect to the Provider Edge (PE), which then connects to the data network. The active and standby FE/GE ports of the BSC6900 share one IP address, that is, IP1-1. On the PE side, the active and standby ports of theBSC6900 are in one VLAN and share one port IP address of the VLAN, that is, IP1-0.
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In this networking mode, the FE/GE ports of the BSC6900 are configured for backup. The active and standby FE/GE ports of the BSC6900 connect to two PEs, which then connect to the data network. Complying with the Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol (VRRP), the two PEs provide redundancy-based protection for the data received from the BSC6900. One PE connects to the other PE through two GE ports. Link Aggregation (LAG) is applied to the interconnection links between the PEs to increase the bandwidth and reliability of the links. The active and standby FE/GE ports of the BSC6900 share one IP address, that is, IP1-1. On the PE side, the active and standby ports of
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When the BSC6900 and the MGW, SGSN, or another BSC6900 are located in the same equipment room, direct connection through FE/GE ports is applicable to the Iu or Iur interface. This networking mode does not require additional transport network or equipment. The FG2a/GOUa/FG2c/GOUc boards can work in board backup mode, and the FE/GE ports work in load sharing mode to carry services.
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SDH-Based Networking with MSP Backup Between Optical Ports In this networking mode, the UOIa board of the BSC6900 functions as the Iu/Iur interface board and provides unchannelized STM-1 ports. See Figure 4. Figure 4 SDH-based networking with MSP backup between optical ports
In this networking mode, each Iu or Iur interface requires a pair of STM-1 optical cables for MSP 1+1 (single-end or both-end) or MSP 1:1 backup. In cases rather than direct connection between the BSC6900 and the MSC or SGSN, the section-specific MSP backup at the BSC6900 protects only the optical channels between the BSC6900 and the ADM, instead of all the optical channels between the BSC6900 and the MSC or SGSN. SDH-Based Networking with Load Sharing Between Optical Ports In this networking mode, the UOIa/UOIc board of the BSC6900 functions as the Iu/Iur interface board and provides unchannelized STM-1 optical ports. Figure 5 shows the SDH-based networking with load sharing between optical ports.
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In this networking mode, the two UOIa/UOIc boards for the Iu/Iur interface are not configured for backup, and the two optical ports work in load sharing mode to carry services. If one of the optical ports is faulty, it is isolated and the services carried on it are disrupted. Then the traffic on the Iu or Iur interface reduces by half. SDH-Based Networking with STM-1 Shared Between Iu and Iur In this networking mode, the UOIa/UOIc board of the BSC6900 functions as the Iu/Iur interface board and provides unchannelized STM-1 optical ports. Figure 6 shows the SDH-based networking with STM-1 shared between Iu and Iur.
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Generally, the traffic on the Iur interface is light. Therefore, when the BSC6900 has a large number of Iur interfaces where the traffic is light, the Iu and Iur interfaces can share an STM-1 transmission resource. Features of Networking Modes Advantages:
Single-homing layer 3 networking This networking mode provides backup-based protection for FE/GE links. The single PE saves networking cost.
Dual-homing layer 3 networking This networking mode provides backup-based protection not only for FE/GE links but also for PE devices.
Direct connection with load sharing This networking mode does not require any LAN switch or router, thus featuring low networking cost and high transmission reliability.
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SDH-based networking with load sharing between optical ports This networking mode saves the optical ports and optical cables between the BSC6900 and the ADM, thus improving the optical resource usage.
SDH-based networking with STM-1 shared between Iu and Iur In the case of a large number of Iur interfaces, the demand for transmission resources is high and the resource usage is low if each Iur interface occupies one STM-1 port. The SDH-based networking with STM-1 shared between Iu and Iur is resource-effective.
Disadvantages:
Single-homing layer 3 networking The single PE cannot provide PE-level protection. Dual-homing layer 3 networking The dual PEs require a high networking cost. Direct connection with load sharing This networking mode does not provide backup for data transmission. A port failure will lead to the decrease of transmission capacity.
SDH-based networking with MSP backup between optical ports For transmission backup, this networking mode requires double optical ports and cable resources.
SDH-based networking with load sharing between optical ports This networking mode does not provide transmission backup, thus reducing the transmission reliability. If an optical port or optical cable is faulty, the services carried on the faulty part are disrupted.
SDH-based networking with STM-1 shared between Iu and Iur The load of the MGW is increased.
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ATM-Based Networking on the Iub Interface In ATM-based networking mode, the BSC6900 and the base station communicate with each other through the SDH/PDH/ATM network. ATM over E1/STM-1 Networking (Transparent TDM Transmission) In this networking mode, the AEUa/AOUa/AOUc board of the BSC6900 functions as the Iub interface board. The AEUa board provides E1/T1 ports, and the AOUa/AOUc board provides channelized STM-1 ports. The AOUa/AOUc boards work in active/standby mode or their ports work in MSP 1+1 (both-end) or MSP 1:1 backup mode. Figure 1 shows the ATM over E1/STM-1 networking (transparent TDM transmission). Figure 1 ATM over E1/STM-1 networking (transparent TDM transmission)
ATM over E1 Networking (ATM Transmission Convergence) In this networking mode, the AEUa/AOUa/AOUc board of the BSC6900 functions as the Iub interface board. The AEUa board provides E1/T1 ports, and the AOUa/AOUc board provides channelized STM-1 ports. The AOUa/AOUc boards work in active/standby mode or their ports work in MSP 1+1 (both-end) or MSP 1:1 backup mode. Figure 2 shows the ATM over E1 networking (ATM transmission convergence). Figure 2 ATM over E1 networking (ATM transmission convergence)
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The E1/T1 signals from multiple base stations are converged onto one STM-1 channel at the ATM switch and then are transmitted to the ATM switch in the BSC6900 equipment room through the SDH/PDH network. Then, the E1 links are converged by the ATM switch and transmitted to the BSC6900. Features of Networking Modes Advantages: This networking mode is mature, QoS-assured, safe, and reliable. The telecom operators can make full use of the existing SDH, PDH, or ATM transmission network resources. The advantages of each type of networking are as follows:
ATM over E1/STM-1 Networking (Transparent TDM Transmission) This networking mode is simple and applies to small-scale networks. ATM over E1 Networking (ATM Transmission Convergence) The BSC6900 requires simple cable connections, offers convenient installation and maintenance, and supports MSP 1:1 backup mode. Compared with the ATM over E1 networking (transparent TDM
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ATM over STM-1 Networking (ATM Transmission Convergence) The BSC6900 requires simple cable connections, offers convenient installation and maintenance, and supports MSP 1+1 or MSP 1:1 backup mode. This networking mode can converge the E1/T1 traffic from multiple base stations onto one STM-1 channel, thus enabling statistical multiplexing, obtaining convergence gain, saving transmission resources, and providing high reliability. It applies to the network operators with mature ATM technology.
Disadvantages: The cost of the ATM networking mode is higher than that of the IP networking mode. The ATM over E1/STM-1 networking (transparent TDM transmission) requires more E1 cables and features complex cable connections. It does not support port backup or ATM multiplexing, and thus the bandwidth usage is low. IP-Based Networking on the Iub Interface In IP-based networking mode, the BSC6900 and the base station communicate with each other through the SDH, PDH, MSTP, or data network. IP over E1 Networking In this networking mode, the BSC6900 and the base station communicate with each other through the SDH/PDH transmission network. The PEUa/POUa/POUc board of the BSC6900functions as the Iub interface board. The PEUa board provides E1/T1 ports, and the POUa/POUc board provides channelized STM-1 ports and OC-3 ports. The optical ports of the POUa/POUc board work in MSP 1+1 (single-end), MSP 1+1 (both-end), or MSP 1:1 backup mode. Figure 1 shows the IP over E1 networking. Figure 1 IP over E1 networking
In this networking mode, the BSC6900 and the base station communicate with each other through the SDH/PDH network and the IP packets are transmitted through the PPP protocol.
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Both the BSC6900 and the base station access the IP network through switches. In IP over Ethernet (layer 2) networking mode, the Virtual LAN (VLAN) technology is adopted to divide the BSC6900 and the base station into different subnets. In this case, the BSC6900and the base station are part of IP private networks, thus ensuring the security of data transmission. IP over Ethernet Networking (Layer 3) In this networking mode, the BSC6900 and the base station communicate with each other through the IP network, and the data transmitted between them is processed by the router according to the IP protocol. The FG2a/GOUa/FG2c/GOUc board of the BSC6900 functions as the Iub interface board and provides FE/GE ports. Figure 3 shows the IP over Ethernet networking (layer 3).
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IP Networking Based on Hybrid Transport In this networking mode, the PEUa or FG2a/POUa/FG2c/POUc board of the BSC6900 functions as the Iub interface board. The PEUa/FG2a/GOUa/FG2c/GOUc boards work in active/standby mode. The FG2a/FG2c board supports port backup. The optical ports of the POUa/POUc board work in MSP 1+1 (single-end), MSP 1+1 (both-end), or MSP 1:1 backup mode. In this networking mode, the Iub interface board provides E1/T1 ports, FE/GE ports, channelized STM-1 ports, or OC-3 ports. See Figure 4. Figure 4 IP networking based on hybrid transport
The BSC6900 and the base station in this networking mode communicate with each other through different transmission networks, which carry different types of data. The networks are described as follows:
The SDH/PDH network applies to the data services with high QoS requirements, such as the real-time data service. The base station obtains clock signals through the SDH or PDH network. The data network applies to the data services with low QoS requirements.
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The cost of the ATM networking mode is higher than that of the IP networking mode. The IP-based networking provides high bandwidth to meet the requirements of high-speed data services. For data services, the transmission efficiency in IP over E1 networking mode is higher than that in ATM over E1 networking mode. IP transmission is set to become the most preferred transmission technology in future.
ATM/IP-Based Networking on the Iub Interface In ATM/IP-based networking mode, the BSC6900 and the base station communicate with each other based on the ATM/IP dual stack. The ATM/IP based Iub interface allows hybrid transport of services that have different QoS requirements. High-QoS services, such as voice services, streaming services, and signaling, are transmitted on the ATM network. Low-QoS services, such as HSDPA and HSUPA services, are transmitted on the IP network. Description of the Networking In this networking mode, the BSC6900 is configured with the ATM interface board and IP interface board. Figure 1 shows the ATM/IP-based networking on the Iub interface.
The ATM interface board is connected to the ATM network through the E1/T1/STM-1 port. The IP interface board is connected to the IP network through the E1/T1/FE/GE/STM-1 port.
The base station is connected to the ATM and IP networks through its ATM and IP interface boards respectively.
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The ATM network guarantees the QoS. The IP network reduces the transmission cost and meets the requirement of high-speed data services for high bandwidth on the Iub interface.
Disadvantages: The ATM/IP-based networking requires maintenance of both ATM and IP networks. This increases the difficulty in and the cost for network maintenance to a certain extent. Boards This chapter describes the boards supported by the BSC6900.
AEUa Board AEUa refers to 32-port ATM over E1/T1/J1 interface Unit REV:a. The AEUa board is optional. It can be installed either in the MPS or in the the EPS. The number of AEUa boards to be installed depends on site requirements. For the MPS, the AEUa board can be installed in slots 14 to 19 and slots 24 to 27. For the EPS, the AEUa board can be installed in slots 14 to 27. AOUa Board AOUa refers to 2-port ATM over channelized Optical STM-1/OC-3 interface Unit REV:a. The AOUa board is optional. It can be installed either in the MPS or in the EPS. The number of AOUa boards to be installed depends on site requirements. For the MPS, the AOUa board can be installed in slots 14 to 19 and slots 24 to 27. For the EPS, the AOUa board can be installed in slots 14 to 27.
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AOUc Board AOUc refers to 4-port ATM over channelized Optical STM-1/OC-3 interface Unit REV:c. The AOUc board is optional. It can be installed in the MPS and in the EPS. The number of AOUc boards to be installed depends on site requirements. For the MPS, the AOUc board can be installed in slots 14 to 19 and slots 24 to 27. For the EPS, the AOUc board can be installed in slots 14 to 27. DPUb Board DPUb refers to Data Processing Unit REV:b. The DPUb board is optional. For the MPS, two to ten DPUb boards can be installed in slots 0 to 5, slots 8 to 11, slots 14 to 19, and slots 24 to 27. For the EPS, two to twelve DPUb boards can be installed in slots 0 to 5, slots 8 to 27. DPUe Board DPUe refers to Data Processing Unit REV:e. The DPUe board is optional. For the MPS, two to ten DPUe boards can be installed in slots 0 to 5, slots 8 to 11, slots 14 to 19, and slots 24 to 27. For the EPS, two to twelve DPUe boards can be installed in slots 0 to 5, slots 8 to 27. FG2a Board FG2a refers to 8-port FE or 2-port electronic GE interface unit REV:a. The FG2a board is optional. It can be installed either in the MPS or in the EPS. The number of FG2a boards to be installed depends on site requirements. For the MPS, the FG2a board can be installed in slots 14 to 19 and slots 24 to 27. For the EPS, the FG2a board can be installed in slots 14 to 27. FG2c Board FG2c refers to 12-port FE or 4-port electronic GE interface unit REV:c. The FG2c board is optional. It can be installed in the MPS and in the EPS. The number of FG2c boards to be installed depends on site requirements. For the MPS, the FG2c board can be installed in slots 16 to 19. For the EPS, the FG2c board can be installed in slots 16 to 23. GCUa/GCGa Board GCUa refers to General Clock Unit REV:a. GCGa refers to General Clock Unit with GPS REV:a. The GCUa/GCGa board is mandatory. Two GCUa/GCGa boards must be installed in slots 12 and 13 in the MPS. GOUa Board GOUa refers to 2-port packet over GE Optical interface Unit REV:a. The GOUa board is optional. It can be installed in the MPS, EPS. The number of GOUa boards to be installed depends on site requirements. For the MPS, the
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GOUc Board GOUc refers to 4-port packet over GE Optical interface Unit REV:c. The GOUc board is optional. It can be installed in the MPS and in the EPS. The number of GOUc boards to be installed depends on site requirements. For the MPS, the GOUc board can be installed in slots 16 to 19. For the EPS, the GOUc board can be installed in slots 16 to 23. OMUa Board OMUa refers to Operation and Maintenance Unit REV:a. One or two OMUa boards must be configured in the BSC6900. The width of the OMUa board is twice the width of other boards. Therefore, one OMUa board occupies two slots. The board can be installed in slots 0 to 3, slots 20 to 23, or slots 24 to 27 in the MPS. Slots 20 to 23 are recommended. PAMU Board PAMU refers to Power Allocation Monitoring Unit. The PAMU board is installed in the power distribution box at the top of the cabinet. Each power distribution box accommodates one PAMU board. PEUa Board PEUa refers to 32-port Packet over E1/T1/J1 interface Unit REV:a. The PEUa board is optional. It can be installed either in the MPS or in the EPS. The number of PEUa boards to be installed depends on site requirements. For the MPS, the PEUa board can be installed in slots 14 to 19 and slots 24 to 27. For the EPS, the PEUa board can be installed in slots 14 to 27. PFCU Board PFCU refers to Fan Control Unit. The PFCU board is installed in the front of the fan box. Each fan box is configured with one PFCU board. PFCB Board PFCB refers to Fan Control Board. The PFCB board is installed in the front of the fan box. Each fan box is configured with one PFCB board. POUa Board POUa refers to 2-port IP over channelized Optical STM-1/OC-3 interface Unit REV:a. The POUa board is optional. It can be installed either in the MPS or in the EPS. The number of POUa boards to be installed depends on site requirements. For the MPS, the POUa board can be installed in slots 14 to 19 and slots 24 to 27. For the EPS, the POUa board can be installed in slots 14 to 27.
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POUc Board POUc refers to 4-port IP over channelized Optical STM-1/OC-3 interface Unit REV:c. The POUc board is optional. It can be installed in the MPS and in the EPS. The number of POUc boards to be installed depends on site requirements. For the MPS, the POUc board can be installed in slots 14 to 19 and slots 24 to 27. For the EPS, the POUc board can be installed in slots 14 to 27. SCUa Board SCUa refers to GE Switching network and Control Unit REV:a. The SCUa board is mandatory. Two SCUa boards must be installed in slots 6 and 7 in the MPS/EPS. SPUa Board SPUa refers to Signaling Processing Unit REV:a. The SPUa board is optional. Two to ten SPUa boards can be installed in the MPS/EPS. For the MPS, the SPUa boards can be installed in slots 0 to 5, slots 8 to 11, slots 14 to 19, and slots 24 to 27. For the EPS, the SPUa boards can be installed in slots 0 to 5 and slots 8 to 27. SPUb Board SPUb refers to Signaling Processing Unit REV:b. The SPUb board is optional. Two to ten SPUb boards can be installed in the MPS and in the EPS. For the MPS, the SPUb boards can be installed in slots 0 to 5, slots 8 to 11, slots 14 to 19, and slots 24 to 27. For the EPS, the SPUb boards can be installed in slots 0 to 5, slots 8 to 13, and slots 14 to 27. UOIa Board UOIa refers to 4-port ATM/Packet over Unchannelized Optical STM-1/OC3c Interface unit REV:a. The UOIa board is optional. It can be installed either in the MPS or in the EPS. The number of UOIa boards to be installed depends on site requirements. For the MPS, the UOIa board can be installed in slots 14 to 19 and slots 24 to 27. For the EPS, the UOIa board can be installed in slots 14 to 27. UOIc Board UOIc refers to 8-port ATM/Packet over Unchannelized Optical STM-1/OC3c Interface unit REV:c. The UOIc board is optional. It can be installed in the MPS and in the EPS. The number of UOIc boards to be installed depends on site requirements. For the MPS, the UOIc board can be installed in slots 16 to 19. For the EPS, the UOIc board can be installed in slots 16 to 23.
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Provides 32 channels of ATM over E1s/T1s/J1s Provides 32 IMA groups or 32 UNI links Supports the Iub interfaces Provides the fractional ATM and the fractional IMA functions Supports the timeslot cross-connection function Receives clock signals from the Iu interface and transmits clock signals to the GCUa/GCGa board
Functions of the AOUa Board As an optical interface board, the AOUa board supports ATM over channelized STM-1/OC-3 transmission. The AOUa board performs the following functions:
Provides two channels over channelized optical STM-1/OC-3 ports based on ATM Provides the AAL2 switching function Provides the IMA and the UNI functions Supports the Iub interfaces Supports the extraction of line clock signals
Functions of the AOUc Board As an optical interface board, the AOUc board supports ATM over channelized STM-1/OC-3 transmission. The AOUc board performs the following functions:
Provides four channels over the channelized STM-1/OC-3 optical ports Supports the IMA function Supports the extraction of line clock signals Supports the Iu, Iur, and Iub interfaces
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Multiplexes and demultiplexes Processes frame protocols Selects and distributes data Performs the functions of the GTP-U, IUUP, PDCP, RLC, MAC, and FP protocols Performs encryption, decryption, and paging Processes internal communication protocols between the SPUa/SPUb board and the DPUb board Processes the Multimedia Broadcast and Multicast Service (MBMS) at the RLC layer and the MAC laye
Functions of the DPUe Board The DPUe board processes UMTS voice services and data services. The DPUe board performs the following functions:
Selects and distributes data Multiplexes and demultiplexes Processes frame protocols Performs the functions of the GTP-U, IUUP, PDCP, RLC, MAC, and FP protocols Performs encryption, decryption, and paging Processes internal communication protocols between the SPUa/SPUb board and the DPUe board Processes the Multimedia Broadcast and Multicast Service (MBMS) at the RLC layer and the MAC layer
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Provides eight channels over FE ports or two channels over GE ports Provides the routing-based backup and load sharing Provides the link aggregation function at the MAC layer Supports the Iu, Iur, and Iub interfaces
Functions of the FG2c Board As an interface board, the FG2c board supports IP over Ethernet transmission. The FG2c board performs the following functions:
Provides 12 channels over FE ports or four channels over GE ports Provides the link aggregation function at the MAC layer Provides the routing-based backup and load sharing Supports the transmission of data over all its Ethernet ports on the basis of the synchronized clock signals Supports the Iu, Iur, and Iub interfaces
Functions of the GCUa/GCGa Board The GCUa/GCGa board performs the clock function. The GCUa/GCGa board performs the following functions:
Extracts timing signals from the external synchronization timing port and from the synchronization line signals, processes the timing signals, and provides the timing signals and the reference clock for the entire system Performs the fast pull-in and holdover functions on the system clock Generates RFN signals for the system Supports active/standby switchover. The standby GCUa/GCGa board traces the clock phase of the active GCUa/GCGa board. This ensures the smooth output of the clock phase in the case of active/standby switchover. Receives and processes the clock signals and the positioning information from the GPS card
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Provides two channels over GE optical ports, which are used for IP transmission Provides the routing-based backup and load sharing Supports the Iu, Iur, and Iub interfaces
Functions of the GOUc Board:As an optical interface board, the GOUc board supports IP over Ethernet transmission. The GOUc board performs the following functions:
Provides four channels over GE ports Provides the routing-based backup and load sharing Supports the Iu, Iur, and Iub interfaces
Functions of the OMUa Board The OMUa board works as a bridge for the communication between the Local Maintenance Terminal (LMT) and the other boards in the BSC6900. The OMUa board performs the following functions:
Performs the configuration management, performance management, fault management, security management, and loading management functions for the system Provides the LMT or M2000 users with the operation and maintenance port of the BSC6900 system, to control the communication between the LMT or M2000 and the SCUa board of the BSC6900
Functions of the PAMU Board The PAMU board is used to monitor the power distribution box at the top of the BSC6900 cabinet. The PAMU board performs the following functions:
Detects the voltage of six -48 V power inputs and reports related alarms Detects the status of the power switches for 20 power outputs and reports related alarms
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Enables the switchover when faults occur in the serial port communication, and communicates with the SCUa board Provides two RS485 and two RS232 asynchronous serial ports
Functions of the PEUa Board As an interface board, the PEUa board supports E1/T1 transmission. The PEUa board performs the following functions:
Provides 32 channels of IP over PPP/MLPPP over E1/T1 Provides 128 PPP links or 32 MLPPP groups, each MLPPP group containing 8 MLPPP links Provides the Tributary Protect Switch (TPS) function between the active and standby PEUa boards Transmits, receives, encodes, and decodes 32 channels of E1s/T1s. The E1 transmission rate is 2.048 Mbit/s; the T1 transmission rate is 1.544 Mbit/s. Supports the Iub interfaces
Functions of the PFCU Board The PFCU board is used to monitor the fan box. The PFCU board performs the following functions:
Monitors the working status of the fans in the fan box and displays the status through the LED Communicates with the SCUa board, to report the working status of the fan box Collects temperature information and detects the temperature through temperature sensors Provides Pulse-Width Modulation (PWM) control signals which are used to adjust the fan speed Reports the working status and alarms of the fans in the fan box through the LED
Functions of the PFCB Board The PFCB board is used to monitor the fan box. The PFCB board performs the following functions:
Monitors the working status of the fans in the fan box and displays the status through the LED
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Communicates with the SCUa board, to report the working status of the fan box, and responds to the fan speed adjustment command Collects temperature information through temperature sensors and intelligently adjusts the fan speed based on the temperature information Provides Pulse-Width Modulation (PWM) control signals which are used to adjust the fan speed Reports the working status and alarms of the fans in the fan box through the LED
Functions of the POUa Board As an interface board, the POUa board supports channelized STM-1/OC-3 transmission based on IP protocol. The POUa board performs the following functions:
Provides two channels over channelized optical STM-1/OC-3 ports based on IP protocol Supports IP over E1/T1 over SDH/SONET Provides MLPPP groups. Supports 126 E1s or 168 T1s Provides the Automatic Protection Switching (APS) function between the active and standby POUa boards Supports the Iub interfaces Supports the extraction of line clock signals
Functions of the POUc Board:As an interface board, the POUc board supports IP over channelized STM-1/OC-3 transmission. The POUc board performs the following functions:
Provides four channels over channelized optical STM-1/OC-3 ports based on IP protocol Supports the PPP function Extracts line clock signals Provides the Automatic Protection Switching (APS) function between the active and standby POUc boards Supports the Iur, and Iub interfaces
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Provides the maintenance management function Provides configuration and maintenance of a subrack or of the entire BSC6900 Monitors the power supply, fans, and environment of the cabinet Supports the port trunking function Supports the active/standby switchover Enables inter-subrack connections Provides a total switching capacity of 60 Gbit/s Distributes clock signals and RFN signals for the BSC6900
Functions of the SPUa Board Loaded with different software, the SPUa board is functionally divided into main control SPUa board and non-main control SPUa board. The main control SPUa board is used to manage the UMTS user plane resources, control plane resources, and transmission resources in the system and process the UMTS services on the control plane. The non-main control SPUa board is used to process the UMTS services on the control plane. Main Control SPUa Board The main control SPUa board has four logical subsystems. Subsystem 0 of the main control SPUa board is the Main Processing Unit (MPU). It is used to manage the user plane resources, control plane resources, and transmission resources of the system. The functions are described as follows:
Managing the user plane resources; managing the load sharing of the user plane resources between subracks Maintaining the load of the control plane within the subrack; exchanging the load information on the control planes between subracks
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Providing functions such as the logical main control function of the BSC6900, the IMSI-RNTI maintenance and query, and the IMSI-CNid maintenance and query Forwarding the RRC connection request message to implement the sharing of user plane resources and sharing of control plane resources in the BSC6900
Subsystems 1 to 3 of the main control SPUa board belong to the CPU for Service (CPUS), which is used to process the services on the control plane. The functions are described as follows:
Processing upper-layer signaling over the Uu, Iu, Iur, and Iub interfaces Processing transport layer signaling Allocating and managing the various resources that are necessary for service setup, and establishing signaling and service connections Processing RFN signaling
Non-Main Control SPUa Board The non-main control SPUa board has four logical subsystems. The four subsystems of the non-main control SPUa board belong to the CPUS, which is used to process the services on the control plane. The functions are described as follows:
Processing upper-layer signaling over the Uu, Iu, Iur, and Iub interfaces Processing transport layer signaling Allocating and managing the various resources that are necessary for service setup, and establishing signaling and service connections Processing RFN signaling
Functions of the SPUb Board Loaded with different software, the SPUb board is functionally divided into main control SPUb board and non-main control SPUb board. The main control SPUb board is used to manage the UMTS user plane resources, control plane resources, and transmission resources in the system and process the UMTS services on the control plane. The non-main control SPUb board is used to process the UMTS services on the control plane.
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Managing the user plane resources; managing the load sharing of the user plane resources between subracks Maintaining the load of the control plane within the subrack; exchanging the load information on the control planes between subracks Providing functions such as the logical main control function of the BSC6900, the IMSI-RNTI maintenance and query, and the IMSI-CNid maintenance and query Forwarding the RRC connection request message to implement the sharing of user plane resources and sharing of control plane resources in the BSC6900
Subsystems 1 to 7 of the main control SPUb board belong to the CPU for Service (CPUS), which is used to process the services on the control plane. The functions are described as follows:
Processing upper-layer signaling over the Uu, Iu, Iur, and Iub interfaces Processing transport layer signaling Allocating and managing the various resources that are necessary for service setup, and establishing signaling and service connections Processing RFN signaling
Non-Main Control SPUb Board The non-main control SPUb board has eight logical subsystems. The eight subsystems of the non-main control SPUb board belong to the CPUS, which is used to process the services on the control plane. The functions are described as follows:
Processing upper-layer signaling over the Uu, Iu, Iur, and Iub interfaces Processing transport layer signaling.Allocating and managing the various resources that are necessary for service setup, and establishing signaling and service connections.Processing RFN signaling
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Provides four unchannelized STM-1/OC-3c optical interfaces Supports ATM/IP over SDH/SONET Provides the Automatic Protection Switching (APS) function between the active and standby UOIa boards Supports the Iu, Iur, and Iub interfaces Supports the extraction of line clock signals
Functions of the UOIc Board As an optical interface board, the UOIc board supports ATM over unchannelized STM-1/OC-3c transmission. The UOIc board performs the following functions:
Provides eight channels over unchannelized STM-1/OC-3c optical ports Supports ATM over SDH/SONET Supports the extraction of line clock signals Provides the Automatic Protection Switching (APS) function between the active and standby UOIc boards Supports the Iu, Iur, and Iub interfaces
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