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POSIX.1,POSIX.1bandPOSIX.1cFunctionCalls
A real- tim e em bedded dev elopm en t referen ce gu ide
PROCESSES AND VIRTUAL MEMORY
S ECURITY
WHITE PAPERS
Coming Together of Safety and (Cyber) Security Changes Demands in RTOS Market Separation kernels and secure hypervisors will be evermore in demand as safety and certification will be required in more and more applications. Governments are already working on infrastructures deploying this type of technology. (October 2012) Building in RTOS Support for Safety- & Security-Critical Systems LynuxWorks explains the differences between safetycritical and security-critical applications and how to meet their demanding requirements with the LynxOS-178 RTOS and the LynxSecure hypervisor. (EE Times Design, August 2011) Enhancing Application Performance on Multicore Systems Tips on optimizing a multicore real-time system, including virtualization, avoiding synchronization and concurrency while maximizing application parallelism. (Military Embedded Systems, February 2011) Hardware Virtualization puts a new spin on Secure Systems Real-time determinism and military security don't have to be separate realities. A combination of a secure separation kernel and an embedded hypervisor enables whole new levels of system security. (COTS Journal, October 2010) Using a Separation Kernel to add Military-Grade Security to Legacy Systems A challenge for the software designer is how to integrate modern military-grade software programs into legacy software designed long before security standards were
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g e t p w u i d g e t u i d i s a t t y k i l l l i n k l o n g j m p l s e e k m k d i r m k f i f o o p e n o p e n d i r p a t h c o n f p a u s e p i p e r e a d r e a d d i r r e n a m e r e w i n d d i r r m d i r s e t g i d s e t j m p s e t l o c a l e s e t p g i d s e t u i d s i g a c t i o n s i g a d d s e t s i g d e l s e t s i g e m p t y s e t s i g f i l l s e t s i g i s m e m b e r s i g l o n g j m p s i g p e n d i n g s i g p r o c m a s k s i g s e t j m p s i g s u s p e n d s l e e p s t a t s y s c o n f t c d r a i n t c f l o w t c f l u s h t c g e t a t t r t c g e t p g r p t c s e n d b r e a k t c s e t a t t r t c s e t p g r p t i m e t i m e s t t y n a m e t z s e t u m a s k u n a m e u n l i n k u t i m e w a i t p i d w r i t e
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Function a i o _ c a n c e l a i o _ e r r o r a i o _ r e a d a i o _ r e t u r n a i o _ s u s p e n d a i o _ w r i t e c l o c k _ g e t r e s c l o c k _ g e t t i m e c l o c k _ s e t t i m e f d a t a s y n c f s y n c k i l l ,s i g q u e u e l i o _ l i s t i o m l o c k m l o c k a l l m m a p m p r o t e c t m q _ c l o s e m q _ g e t a t t r m q _ n o t i f y m q _ o p e n m q _ r e c e i v e m q _ s e n d m q _ s e t a t t r m s y n c m u n l o c k m u n l o c k a l l m u n m a p n a n o s l e e p
assurance-based systems. But now, Intel's VT-x and VT-d CPU extensions are changing the game and showing potential to become the de facto path to virtualization. (Military Embedded Systems, January 2009) Separation Kernel for a Secure Real-time Operating System The technical foundation adopted for the so-called MILS architecture is a separation kernel like LynxSecure, which permits multiple functions to be realised on a common set of physical resources without unwanted mutual interference. (Boards and Solutions Magazine, February 2008) Advances in Virtualization aid Information Assurance Advances in the newest Intel processors are making virtualization much easier to implement in security applications than ever before. (Embedded Computing Design, January 2008) Protecting our most Vital Systems Some significant defence programmes are already committed to a new approach to high-threat, high-assetvalue systems. Rance DeLong explains MILS. (Components in Electronics, April 2007) Perspectives: Security and the Separation Kernel Today's avionics systems are designed to support more than one application, using a partitioned operating system and memory management units to ensure applications have adequate separation. (Avionics Magazine, April 2007) MILS: An Architecture for Security, Safety, and Real Time The unrelenting growth and integration of embedded controls, information processing, and communications has created a need for systems that provide robust protection for resources and services in the face of serious threats. (Embedded Technology Magazine, November 2006) Partitioning Operating Systems Versus Process-based Operating Systems Partitioning operating systems are the latest buzz, while processes, by contrast, have been around for over 30 years. Both provide memory protection, however, the intent behind them is very different. DO-178B and the Common Criteria: Future Security Levels Although there are similarities between the airborne safetycritical requirements in RTCA/DO-178B and the Common Criteria, ISO 14508, compliance with the higher levels of security in the Common Criteria demands meeting additional security requirements. (COTS Journal, April 2006) Reusing Safety-Critical Software Components Safety-critical systems often operate together as a single "system-of-systems," making it important that they meet the most stringent and rigorous requirements for safetycriticality. The failure of one module in a system could
s c h e d _ g e t _ p r i o r i t y _ m a x s c h e d _ g e t _ p r i o r i t y _ m i n s c h e d _ g e t p a r a m s c h e d _ g e t s c h e d u l e r s c h e d _ r r _ g e t _ i n t e r v a l s c h e d _ s e t p a r a m s c h e d _ s e t s c h e d u l e r s c h e d _ y i e l d s e m _ c l o s e s e m _ d e s t r o y s e m _ g e t v a l u e s e m _ o p e n s e m _ p o s t s e m _ u n l i n k s e m _ w a i t ,s e m _ t r y w a i t s h m _ o p e n s h m _ u n l i n k
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t i m e r _ c r e a t e t i m e r _ d e l e t e t i m e r _ g e t t i m e t i m e r _ s e t t i m e w a i t ,w a i t p i d
p t h r e a d _ a t t r _ g e t s c h e d p a r a m
p t h r e a d _ a t t r _ g e t s c h e d p o l i c y p t h r e a d _ a t t r _ g e t s c o p e p t h r e a d _ a t t r _ g e t s t a c k a d d r p t h r e a d _ a t t r _ g e t s t a c k s i z e p t h r e a d _ a t t r _ i n i t p t h r e a d _ a t t r _ s e t d e t a c h s t a t e p t h r e a d _ a t t r _ s e t i n h e r i t s c h e d p t h r e a d _ a t t r _ s e t s c h e d p a r a m p t h r e a d _ a t t r _ s e t s c h e d p o l i c y p t h r e a d _ a t t r _ s e t s c o p e p t h r e a d _ a t t r _ s e t s t a c k a d d r p t h r e a d _ a t t r _ s e t s t a c k s i z e p t h r e a d _ c a n c e l p t h r e a d _ c l e a n u p _ p o p
p t h r e a d _ c l e a n u p _ p u s h p t h r e a d _ c o n d a t t r _ d e s t r o y p t h r e a d _ c o n d a t t r _ g e t p s h a r e d p t h r e a d _ c o n d a t t r _ i n i t
LynuxWorks Debuts Industry's First Real-time Zero-Day Rootkit and Bootkit Defense -2/26 LynxOS-178 RTOS Flies high in Super Mid-size Business jet Market -1/29 LynuxWorks Demonstrates Safety-Critical and Secure RTOS Solutions at AFCEA
-1/28
p t h r e a d _ c o n d a t t r _ s e t p s h a r e d
p t h r e a d _ c o n d _ b r o a d c a s t p t h r e a d _ c o n d _ d e s t r o y p t h r e a d _ c o n d _ i n i t
Unblocks all threads that are waiting on a condition variable Destroys a condition variable Initializes a condition variable with the attributes specified in the specified condition variable attribute object Unblocks at least one thread waiting on a condition variable Automatically unlocks the specified mutex, and places the calling thread into a wait state Automatically unlocks the specified mutex, and places the calling thread into a wait state Creates a thread with the attributes specified in attr Marks a threads internal data structures for deletion
p t h r e a d _ c o n d _ s i g n a l
LynxOS-178 RTOS Deployed by Rockwell Collins in Pro Line Fusion Series of Flight Deck Systems
-11/27
p t h r e a d _ c o n d _ t i m e d w a i t
p t h r e a d _ c o n d _ w a i t
EVENTS
Future Airborne Capability Environment (FACE) Air Force Technical Interchange Meeting and Expo,
p t h r e a d _ c r e a t e p t h r e a d _ d e t a c h
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p t h r e a d _ e q u a l p t h r e a d _ e x i t
p t h r e a d _ g e t s c h e d p a r a m
p t h r e a d _ g e t s p e c i f i c
p t h r e a d _ j o i n p t h r e a d _ k e y _ c r e a t e p t h r e a d _ k e y _ d e l e t e p t h r e a d _ k i l l p t h r e a d _ m u t e x a t t r _ d e s t r o y
p t h r e a d _ m u t e x a t t r _ g e t p r i o c e i l i n g Obtains the priority ceiling of a mutex attribute object p t h r e a d _ m u t e x a t t r _ g e t p r o t o c o l p t h r e a d _ m u t e x a t t r _ g e t p s h a r e d p t h r e a d _ m u t e x a t t r _ i n i t Obtains protocol of a mutex attribute object Obtains a process-shared setting of a mutex attribute object Initializes a mutex attribute object
p t h r e a d _ m u t e x a t t r _ s e t p r i o c e i l i n g Sets the priority ceiling attribute of a mutex attribute object p t h r e a d _ m u t e x a t t r _ s e t p r o t o c o l Sets the protocol attribute of a mutex attribute object Sets the process-shared attribute of a mutex attribute object to either PTHREAD_PROCESS_SHARED or
PTHREAD_PROCESS_PRIVATE
p t h r e a d _ m u t e x a t t r _ s e t p s h a r e d
p t h r e a d _ m u t e x _ d e s t r o y p t h r e a d _ m u t e x _ i n i t p t h r e a d _ m u t e x _ l o c k p t h r e a d _ m u t e x _ t r y l o c k p t h r e a d _ m u t e x _ u n l o c k p t h r e a d _ o n c e
Destroys a mutex Initializes a mutex with the attributes specified in the specified mutex attribute object Locks an unlocked mutex Tries to lock a not tested Unlocks a mutex Ensures that init_routine will run just once regardless of how many threads in the process call it Obtains a thread handle of a calling thread Sets a thread's cancelability state Sets a thread's cancelability type Adjusts the scheduling policy and scheduling parameters of an existing thread Sets the thread-specific data value associated with the specific key in the calling thread Examines or changes the calling thread's signal mask Requests that any pending cancellation request be delivered to the calling thread
p t h r e a d _ s e l f p t h r e a d _ s e t c a n c e l s t a t e p t h r e a d _ s e t c a n c e l t y p e p t h r e a d _ s e t s c h e d p a r a m
p t h r e a d _ s e t s p e c i f i c
p t h r e a d _ s i g m a s k
p t h r e a d _ t e s t c a n c e l
"ButisitPOSIXconformant?"
s a vvy e n g i n e e r j u s t
n eeds t o ask a few qu ick qu est ion s abou t an operat in g syst em in
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system reside in a different name space and have its own symbols table? 2. "Does the operating system support the f o r k ( )call?" 3. "Can the operating system distinguish between threads and processes?" 4. "Does the operating system support signals?"
POSIX PDF BROCHURE (169 kB) POSIX TRAINING: Realtime system course
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LynxSecure SEPARATION KERNEL FOR SOFTWARE VIRTUALIZATION LynxOS REAL-TIME OPERATING SYSTEM LynxOS-178 RTOS FOR SOFTWARE CERTIFICATION RTOS WHITE PAPERS
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