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Conveyor requirements: Length, Lb: 20 ft (6.1 m) Width, wb: 16 in (0.0406 m) Slope, : +15(rising) Load: cardboard boxes
Tutorial
This example shows the steps necessary to design an industrial belt conveyor.
Total load weight, W: 400 lbs (181.4 kg) Speed, s: 60 ft/min (18.3 m/min)
Step 1: Belt selection Step 2: Pulley and drive design Step 3: Frame design Step 4: Supports design
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1.D.1 Operation forces and torque: The tension in the belt is at its maximum level when the fully loaded conveyor is accelerating to its rated speed after a stop. The time to accelerate, ta, is to be: Short enough:
To minimize overload current in the electric motor and its amplifier (consult ratings). To maximize conveyor output.
Long enough:
To prevent conveyed load from slipping or tilting. To minimize motor horsepower.
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Lifting torque, Tl = Fl dp / 2 = 207 lbf-in (23.4 N-m) Total torque, Tt = Ta + Tf + Tl = 375.7 lbf-in (42.5 N-m) Power, P = Tt / 6600 = 0.342 Hp P = Tt = 255 Watts
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Tension (carrier side) F1 = {Tt / (dp / 2)} / { 1 1 / (2.718 (fp ) ) } = 499 lbf (2221 N) Tension (return side) F2 = F1 / (2.718 (fp ) ) = 311.5 lbf (1386 N)
Belt stress, b = F1 / Lb = 31.9 lbf/in (5.46 N/mm) Belt safety factor, SFb = Tm / b = 2.02, selected belt is adequate.
Safety factor for electric motor shall be lower than belt safety factor to prevent breakage. Safety factors for all other conveyor parts shall be higher than belt safety factor.
Snub rollers
Snub rollers are used to: Increase the angle of contact between the belt and the driving pulley and improve the torque transmitted. Decrease the distance between the belt carrying side and return side. Improve belt tracking with adjustable snub rollers.
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Drive shaft design is subjected to torsion stress from the motor torque and bending stress from the pulley tension, the drive sprocket, and the bearing supports
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Force from gearmotor torque, Fm = 2 Tt / Ds = 188 lbf (838 N) (sprocket pitch diameter, Ds= 3.989 in (101 mm) Along the conveyor axis: Fx = Fm cos(17 ) = 180 lbf (801 N) Q = (F1 + F2) / C = 47.7 lbf/in (8.35 N/mm) (distributed belt force) R1 = ( Q C (C/2 + D) + F (A + B + C + D) ) / (B + C + D) = 606 lbf (2696 N) (left bearing reaction) R2 = Fx + Q C R1 = 386 lbf (1718 N) (right bearing reaction) M1x = -Fx A = -391 lbf-in (-44.2 N-m) Perpendicular to conveyor axis: Fy = Fm sin(17 ) = 41 lbf (183 N) M1y = -Fy A = -119 lbf-in (-13.5 N-m) Bending torque at left bearing : M1 = (M1x2 + M1y 2)0.5 = 409 lbf-in (46.2 N-m)
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Shaft material: UNS G10450 Tensile yield strength, Sy = 58700 psi (405 MPa) Ultimate strength, Su = 97900 psi (675 MPa) Endurance strength Se = 0.55 x 1 x 0.814 x 1 x 1 x (0.5 Su) = 21914 psi (151 MPa) Shaft safety factor, SFd = 2.1 (greater than belt safety factor) Minimum shaft diameter dm = { (32 SFd / ) x ( (Tt / Sy)2 + (M1 / Se)2 )0.5 }0.33 = 0.750 in (19.05 mm)
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Gearmotor: integrated worm gear reducer and AC motor with electrical brake, ratio 22.5:1 , power 0.5 Hp (0.37 kW), maximum output torque 340 lbf-in (38.5 N-m ), service factor 1.8 . Overload protection from motor amplifier. Electrical installation must be conformed to local government regulations. Bearings: ball bearing oval flanged unit, bore 25 mm, dynamic load rating 14 kN, static load rating 7 kN, limiting speed 7000 rpm, grub screw locking, with bearing shields. Sprockets: roller chain steel sprocket, no.40 (1/2pitch), 25 teeth, keyway + 2 setscrews. Roller chain: no.40 (1/2pitch) steel roller chain. To be lubricated with oil (refer to manufacturer for oil viscosity)
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Steps 3 and 4 explain the design of the conveyor frame, supports and components with: Loads and reactions. Stresses and deflections. Detailed drawings.
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