The Reformer

St. Anthony Mary Zaccaria

(15021539)

Andrea M. Erba, crsp Antonio M. Gentili, crsp

Translated by Fr. Frank M. Papa, CrSp

Leonine Publishers
Phoenix, Arizona

Imprimi potest: Very Rev. Fr. Robert B. Kosek, CRSP Provincial Superior North American Province Bethlehem, PA February 18, 2013 Copyright 2014 Clerics Regular of Saint Paul (Barnabites). Originally published in Italian under the title Il riformatore: SantAntonio Maria Zaccaria (15021539). Published by Leonine Publishers LLC P.O. Box 8099 Phoenix, Arizona 85066 All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage or retrieval system now existing or to be invented, without written permission from the respective copyright holder(s), except for the inclusion of brief quotations in a review. ISBN-13: 978-0-9860552-4-9 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Printed in the United States of America

Translated by Fr. Frank M. Papa, CRSP Cover design by Sr. Rorivic P. Israel, ASP Cover image of St. Anthony Zaccaria from Fr. Robert B. Kosek, CRSP

Visit us online at www.leoninepublishers.com For more information: info@leoninepublishers.com

Dedication
To the deceased Barnabite Fathers of the North American Province whose commitment to God was joyful and unwavering till death, inspiring many

Fr. Egidio M. Gaspani, CRSP Fr. Rocco M. Barisano, CRSP Fr. Francesco M. Rienzi, CRSP Fr. Charles M. Barlassina, CRSP Fr. John M. Keenan, CRSP Fr. Peter M. Bonardi, CRSP Fr. Ernest M. Cagnacci, CRSP Fr. Luciano M. Visconti, CRSP Fr. Ubaldo M. Fior, CRSP Fr. Augusto M. Pucci, CRSP Fr. Steven M. Grancini, CRSP Fr. Anthony M. Bianco, CRSP Nov. 24, 1891 Dec. 21, 1962 Nov. 9, 1932 Dec. 4, 1963 Feb. 1, 1918 Jan. 15, 1965 Oct. 19, 1927 Jun. 29, 1971 Jan. 29, 1921 Oct. 1, 1978 Jan. 3, 1934 Mar. 16, 1979 Apr. 4, 1908 Oct. 5, 1986 Dec. 13, 1917 May 28, 2006 May 20, 1927 Aug. 12, 2006 Jan. 21, 1916 Dec. 11, 2010 June 13, 1932 Jan. 2, 2011 Feb. 22, 1928 Jan. 10, 2012

Acknowledgments
This present English translation of The Reformer was born out of my sheer desire to keep alive the spirit of St. Anthony Mary Zaccaria, a lover of Jesus Crucified, whose spirit never ceased to inflame and transform the hearts of people. The endeavor is meant to make the book available to English-speaking readers. My desire has been fulfilled through the support and help of wonderful people whom I acknowledge with the sincerity of my heart. Had it not been for them, I would not have accomplished the completion of the book that you are now holding. I give my special thanks, first of all, to my Barnabite confreres who authored this book: His Excellency Andrea M. Erba, CRSP, andFr. Antonio Gentili, CRSP. Their literary expertise further spread the name and teachings of our holy founder, not only in Italy but also in other parts of the world. Another confrere, Fr. Frank Papa, CRSP, shares their vision in his determination to translate the book into English. To him I express my sincere gratitude. My profound gratitude also goes to my friend and close collaborator, Sr. Rorivic P. Israel, ASP, whose editorial assistance and dedication toward the completion of this book have given me immense support and encouragement. To the editors and staff of Leonine Publishers whose utmost help has made this book reach its finest form, and to the anonymous sponsor without whom this publication would have not been possible, I express my deepest appreciation.

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My heartfelt thanks as well go to Fr. Franco Ghilardotti, CRSP, for the brief chronology of the life of St. Anthony Mary Zaccaria which is added into this edition. One desire and one goal of many hearts and minds. With this phrase I encapsulate the beauty of putting together each others gift. Only through everyones contribution indeed could any purpose be reached. Finally, Gods infinite goodness is shown in the manifold circumstances behind the books composition. St. Anthony Mary Zaccaria has, without doubt, mediated throughout this time. Let this book be a source of inspiration for you, as you grasp fully the spirit of St. Anthony Mary which seeks only to glorify God and spread His love to ones neighbor. Fr. Robert Bogusaw M. Kosek, CRSP

Contents
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xiii
Chapter I

The Historical and Religious Environment. . . . . Cremona in the Shadow of Venice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . The Social and Economic Situation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Religious Decadence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Natural Disasters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Charles V Enters Milan .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Titular and Non-Resident Bishops .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

The Sfondrati Cardinals and the Zaccarian Institutes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

2 3 3 5 6 7

. 1

Chapter II

Zaccarias Youth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 First Years in Cremona. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Student in Padua. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Return Home.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 The Priestly Choice .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Practice of the Evangelical Counsels . . . . . . . . . 17 The Most Precious Gift, the Spirit. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Disposing of All Possessions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 True Integrity .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 Nailed to Obedience.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Against the Decline of Religious Discipline. . . . . . . . . 24 Milan at the Time of the Saint . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 The Restoration of Francesco II Sforza .. . . . . . . . . . . 29 Religious Environment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

Chapter III

Chapter IV

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The Work of Renewal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 Pastoral Strategies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 Against the Lutheran Heresy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 The Oratory of Eternal Wisdom. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 Visions and Prophecies: The Blessed Renewal. . . . . . . 38 First Steps of the Zaccarian Family . . . . . . . . . . 41
Barnabites and Angelics and their New Establishment in Milan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Accused and Exonerated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . The Chapter of Tears. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Asceticism and Apostolate: The Two Pillars of the Reform. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 44 62 63

Chapter VI

Chapter VII

A Thrilling Mission . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 The Qualities of the Reformer .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 The Companions of the Reformer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
The Reformers at Work: Men and Women Religious and the Laity.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 Five Young Men in Action . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75

Chapter VIII

Anthony Mary Dies Willingly . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 Mission of Peace. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 Bring Me to My Mother. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 Untiring Charity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 The Orders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 To Attach Souls to the Crucifix.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 The Principal Conversion: The Eucharist . . . . . . . . . . 87

Chapter IX

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Spiritual Physiognomy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 Vocation to Holiness .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 Against Lukewarmness. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 Gradual Ascent to Perfection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93 Perfection and the Apostolate.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 Religious Life and the Apostolate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96 The Primacy of Charity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97 The Ideal Disciple, Yesterday and Today. . . . . . . . . . . 99 Conclusion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102 Essential Chronology of the Life of Saint Anthony Mary Zaccaria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105 Historical and Legal Evidence for Saint Anthony Mary Zaccarias Devotion to Saint Paul. . . . . . . 121 Clerics Regular of St. Paul . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .124 Angelic Sisters of St. Paul. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126 Laity of St. Paul . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .128

Introduction
This historical profile of St. Anthony Mary Zaccaria (15021539), founder of the Clerics Regular of St. Paul (Barnabites) and of the Angelic Sisters of St. Paul (Angelics), is being published to commemorate the fifth centennial of his birth. This holy man, zealous for God and for souls, dedicated his life to the renewal of his society, which was descending into paganism. He lived in the first half of the sixteenth century and died at thirty-six years of age. Unfortunately, the personality and stature of this saint are not well known. Consequently, writers and researchers have devoted a number of years to forming a reliable reconstruction of his life and accomplishments. Like his contemporaries Jerome Emiliani (1537), Cajetan Thiene (1547), and Ignatius of Loyola (1556), St. Anthony Mary was inspired by the Holy Spirit to renew the life of the sixteenth-century Church, which was experiencing widespread decadence. Zaccaria is considered an important precursor of the Catholic Reformation, which culminated in the Council of Trent (15451563) under the guidance of St. Charles Borromeo (1584). Although Anthony Mary lived hundreds of years ago, his life is thoroughly relevant to the Christians of our day for his message is rooted in the unchanging Gospel, is permeated with the supreme science of Jesus Christ (as the Church prays in the liturgy), and is animated and guided by the Pauline foolishness of the Cross. Indeed, the saint

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went so far as to exhort his disciples with what is now a famous expression: Let us run like madmen toward God and our neighbor! First as a layman, then as a priest and founder, Zaccaria appeared during his eraso similar to ours for its restlessness, as Pope Paul VI wisely observed in 1972as a great figure of a restorer of spiritual and apostolic life in the spirit of St. Paul. His life was a continuous war against lukewarmness and mediocrityan incessant appeal toward perfect charity, a voice which even in our days continues to re-echo, especially in the teachings of Vatican II and the message of Pope Paul II at the closing of the Jubilee Year 2000, recalling all Christians, young and old, to holiness. Beyond this historical recollection, Zaccaria deserves to be rediscovered because of his great witness of holiness: with the fire of his apostolic love, which makes him still able to set fire the hearts and societies of men. To better understand his life and work, in addition to studying his writings and the hagiographical traditions of Barnabite and Angelic authors, we will examine the social and religious environments of Cremona and Milan during the first half of the sixteenth century. First of all, we must consider the tragic events and religious crises that afflicted these cities as they transitioned into the modern age. These circumstances were dominant factors in the moral formation of the young Zaccaria, and they motivated his apostolic action. Andrea M. Erba, CRSP Antonio M. Gentili, CRSP

THE REFORMER: St. Anthony Mary Zaccaira (15021539)

Although Anthony Mary Zaccaria lived hundreds of years ago, his life is thoroughly relevant to the Christians of our dayfor his message is rooted in the unchanging Gospel, is permeated with the supreme science of Jesus Christ, and is animated and guided by the Pauline foolishness of the Cross.
(Excerpt from the Introduction)

Erba Gentili

LEONINE PUBLISHERS

Essential Chronology of the Life of Saint Anthony Mary Zaccaria

16

February 2, 1501 (Cremona). Lazzaro Zaccaria marries Antonia Pescaroli. Between December 1 and 15, 1502 (Cremona). Anthony Mary Zaccaria is born in the home of the Zaccaria family (Premoli, Storia, I, pp. 399-403). (Probable date is Thursday, December 8, 1502.) On the same day, Anthony Mary is baptized in the octagonal baptistery of the cathedral of Cremona, probably by his uncle Don Tommaso Zaccaria, canon of the cathedral and a holy priest (1503). Don Tommasos successor, Don Gabriele Zaccaria, introduced Anthony Mary to devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary in the Marian chapel built by the Zaccaria family in the church of St. George. March 15, 1507 (Cremona). The young Anthony Mary, accompanied by his guardian, Pietro Fellini, dispenses a sum of 100 imperial lire to the archpriest of the cathedral, Don Giacomo Schizzi, thus discharging an inheritance left to him by his uncle
16

Ghilardotti, Franco Maria. Antonio Maria Zaccaria 1502 1539: Una meteora del cinquecento nella scia di Paolo Apostolo. 2nd Ed., Bologna, 2009, pp. 183-193.

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Don Tommaso (Testament, March 15, 1502) in honor of Our Lady of the Pillar. 15141518 (Cremona). The young Anthony Mary attends the episcopal school attached to the cathedral, under the guidance of Gaspare Mariani for the Trivium (grammar, logic, and rhetoric) and Cesare Mozzi for the Quadrivium (arithmetic, geometry, music, and astronomy). 15181519 (Pavia). Anthony Mary finishes his education in liberal arts at the University of Pavia. Here he is presumed to have met the young Gerolamo Cardano (15011575), who would become his schoolmate at Padua. October 5, 1520 (Cremona). Anthony Mary makes his last will and testament, appointing his cousin Bernardo administrator of their common heritage and giving his mother, Antonia, the interest of such goods for the duration of her natural lifetime. October 16, 1520 (Cremona). Anthony Mary leaves all his inheritance to his mother, reserving only 100 imperial lire for his college expenses. On the same day, he leaves for Padua, where he would enroll as artium et medicinae scholaris at the famous University of Padua. October 18, 1520 (Padua). On the feast of St. Luke, Anthony Mary begins the academic year as a student of the Faculty of Arts in the Department of Medicine. 15201521 (Padua). The student Zaccaria attends lectures on The Sentences of Peter Lombard and On the Soul

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of Aristotle, both given in the Thomistic way by Spanish professor Juan de Montesdoch. After Easter of 1521 (Padua). The student Zaccaria collaborates briefly with the doctor and philosopher Marcantonio Zimara in drawing up the Table (a glossary of AristotelianAverroes judgments). November 4, 1521 (Padua). Anthony Mary Zaccaria, together with his friend Serafino Aceti, participates in a meeting of the Arts students that elects the physician Andrea da Cividale to translate some Arab writers into Latin. August 15, 1524 (Padua). According to tradition, on the Feast of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary, the student Zaccaria completes his studies at the University of Padua and returns to Cremona. October 7, 1524 (Cremona). The new doctor Zaccaria returns to Cremona. Together with his cousin Bernardo, he sells one-third of the shop known as Le Drapperie to Gianfrancesco Fiocchi at the price of 800 imperial lire, and at the same time leases to him the remaining two-thirds. June 16, 1526 (Cremona). Anthony Mary, together with his cousin Bernardoboth had a previous agreement with Gianfrancesco Fiocchi to sell (with right of redemption) the shop which has now become a grocery and pharmacysells to Antonia Spighi, called the Marascha, a third of the shop with interest at the price of 800 imperial lire, with an agreement to redeem it within seven years at the same price.

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March 13, 1528 (Cremona). Anthony Mary, together with his cousin Bernardo and on behalf of the entire Zaccaria family, presents to the vicar general of Cremona the new chaplain of the chapel of the Blessed Virgin Mary, Don Marco Zaccaria. The chaplaincy had been vacant as a result of the death of Don Gabriele Zaccaria. April 10, 1528 (Solarolo Rainerio, Cremona). Anthony Mary and Bernardo, through a private written agreement, divide their assets. June 6, 1528 (Cremona). Zaccaria receives the tonsure and the minor orders. 1528 (Bologna). Zaccaria completes, in a short time, his studies in theology in Bologna, in preparation for the priesthood. He had been staying as a guest of his friend Serafino Aceti at the Convent of San Giovanni in Monte. September 19, 1528 (Cremona). Anthony Mary Zaccaria is ordained a subdeacon by Bishop Luca di Seriate (Bergamo)titular bishop of Duvno in Herzegovina (suffragan diocese of Split, or Spalato in Italian) and suffragan of Cardinal Benedetto Accolti, archbishop of Ravenna and bishop of Cremonain the chapel of St. Joseph. Anthony Mary is second in the list of candidates for ordination to the subdiaconate. December 19, 1528 (Cremona). Zaccaria is ordained a deacon by the suffragan bishop, Luca di Seriate.

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January 2327, 1529 (Solarolo Rainerio, Cremona). Zaccaria signs some purchase agreements for his properties in Solarolo. January 28, 1529 (Dovarese Island). On behalf of his cousin Bernardo, Zaccaria makes another purchase, some livestock for his farm in Solarolo. February 13, 1529 (Cremona). Zaccaria sells to the jewelry shop of Ettore Covo, located under the portico of Palazzo del Capitano, a gold necklace worth 96 gold coins at a price of 547 imperial lire. With this act of detachment he makes himself ready for priestly ordination. February 20, 1529 (Cremona). Anthony Mary Zaccaria is ordained a priest in the chapel of St. Joseph by Bishop Luca di Seriate, titular bishop of Duvno and suffragan of Cardinal Benedetto Accolti. Anthony Mary is third in the list of twenty-one candidates for ordination to the priesthood. April 4, 1529 (Cremona). Zaccaria makes another act of renunciation with the sale of the former Falcone Hotel. August 11, 1529 (Cremona). Zaccaria purchases from Master Fabrizio Benci, a resident of Padua, a parcel of land with a house located at Recorfano in Cremona. October 11, 1529 (Cremona). Zaccaria sells back (with right of redemption) to Master Fabrizio Benci the house that he bought from him two months earlier.

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End of 1529 (Guastalla). Don Pietro Orsi, chaplain to the Countess of Guastalla, Ludovica Torelli, dies. Countess Ludovica Torelli, who had previously met Zaccaria with his mother when she was married to Ludovico Stanga, appoints Zaccaria as her new chaplain, perhaps at the suggestion of Fra Battista da Crema. From then on, Zaccaria would become an itinerant pilgrim of God, like St. Paul. May 31, 1530 (Cremona). Zaccaria writes from home to Fra Battista da Crema, who is in Milan. July 23, 1530 (Cremona). Zaccaria ratifies through a notarial act the private division of assets with his cousin Bernardo. They had previously agreed to this division of assets on April 10, 1528, in Solarolo Rainerio. Fall of 1530 (Milan). Zaccaria joins the Oratory of Eternal Wisdom, where he meets Bartolomeo Ferrari and Giacomo Antonio Morigia. January 4, 1531 (Cremona). Zaccaria writes to Ferrari and Morigia, who are in Milan. Spring of 1531 (Guastalla). Zaccaria meets Ferrante Gonzaga; he and his troops had stopped to pay homage, as tradition demanded, to Our Lady of the Rock. July 28, 1531 (Milan). From the house of Torelli, Zaccaria writes to Carlo Magni, the head of the group known as Amicizia (Friendship), which was based in Cremona.

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August 30, 1531 (Milan). Zaccaria introduces the ringing of bells at three oclock in the afternoon every Friday to commemorate the Passion and Death of Our Lord (Burigozzo, Cronaca, III, p. 509). December 14, 1531 (Cremona). Zaccaria makes his last will and testament, leaving his inheritance to his mother, who already expects all of his goods by virtue of the irrevocable donation he made to her in 1520. December 14, 1531 (Cremona). In the same last will and testament, Zaccaria stipulates the construction of a chapel in honor of the Conversion of St. Paul in his parish, St. Donato. In this way he established a legal basis for his devotion to St. Paul. For the Paulines, the chapel became the first official center of Paulinism in the duchy of Milan, after the Circle of Meaux in France was disbanded in 1525; this group was also influenced by the study of Paul. Zaccaria then appoints Don Giovanni Maria Gaffuri as the first chaplain of the center. January 8, 1532 (Cremona). At the Zaccaria home, Anthony Mary appoints his close friend, Don Giovanni Maria Gaffuri of Fontanella, Cremona, as his legal representative. February 25, 1532 (Milan). Zaccaria and his followers begin to suffer intense persecution. A Lenten preacher in the cathedral of Milan (a certain Carmelite Brother) incites the crowd against the Paulines, but later he repents.

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March 9, 1532 (Venice). Fra Battista da Crema (and with him his disciples, including Anthony Mary Zaccaria) is harshly criticized for having opened in Milan a shop...to the disgrace of the Christian religion. Burigozzo, who speaks of synagogues...near St. Ambrose (Burigozzo, Cronaca, III, p. 510), confirms the existence of this shop. February 18, 1533 (Bologna). Zaccaria receives, with unexpected celerity, the bull of approval from Pope Clement VII for his incipient group, still without an official name and residence. May 29, 1533 (Cremona). Zaccaria achieves peace between Don Marco Zaccaria and Benedetto Prasi, who is represented by his father Vincenzo, following a challenging argument over the dowry of the Marian chapel owned by the Zaccaria family in St. George. September 27, 1533 (Milan). Zaccaria signs the purchase agreement for a house near the church of St. Catherine, by the Fabbri bridge in Milan. It would become the first residence of his group. The following Monday, September 29, he comes to reside there with Bartolomeo Ferrari. November 10, 1533 (Guastalla). As the legal representative of Ludovica (Paola) Torelli, Zaccaria leaves for Curtatone, Mantua, to defend the innocent Fra Battista da Crema from the unjust accusations of his superiors. He is accompanied by Don Ludovico Negri, the vicar general of Guastalla. Zaccaria returns to Guastalla on November 13, 1533.

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December 31, 1533 (Guastalla). It is Wednesday; in the house of the Countess of Guastalla, Zaccaria assists the dying Fra Battista da Crema. Battista dies in the night between December 31 and January 1. January 16, 1534 (Guastalla). From the house of the Countess of Guastalla, Zaccaria writes to his beloved brother in Christ, Giovan Giacomo Piccinini, who is in Milan. October 4, 1534 (Milan). To his companions gathered in St. Catherine, who are fearful and worried on account of the case against the entire house of Paul, Zaccaria addresses a passionate exhortation, urging them to imitate Christ Crucified under the banner of Paul and to perceive the persecution as a gift by which they could unite themselves more deeply to the Cross. They embrace each other, crying and expressing their loyalty. October 5, 1534 (Milan). The case is dismissed. Zaccaria and his companions continue their apostolate in relative serenity. November 24, 1534 (Milan). Zaccaria charitably resolves a case involving the young Maddalena Comi, owner of an apartment near the monastery of the monks of St. Ambrose. He personally paid all outstanding debts in cash at the office of the banker, Giovanni Barbavara, who in turn would need to repay them to Comi on the eve of her wedding. January 15, 1535 (Milan). Pope Paul III approves the Angelic Sisters with the bull Debitum pastoralis officii.

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July 25, 1535 (Rome). Pope Paul III, in a bull of approbation, confirms the devotion to St. Paul practiced by Zaccaria and his group. October 5, 1535 (Milan). Zaccaria and his companions move into a house near St. Ambrose donated by Countess Ludovica (Paola) Torelli; the house at St. Catherine had become too small after the arrival of new postulants. There they would form a small oratory dedicated to St. Paul Decapitated, and Morigia and some others would come to live there. October 18, 1535 (Milan). Zaccaria, Ferrari, and Morigia accept a donation from Torelli, who made them heirs of her inheritance. December 25, 1535 (Milan). On Christmas Day, Anthony Mary Zaccaria celebrates Mass for the first time in the oratory of the Angelic Sisters Monastery of St. Paul. January 25, 1536 (Milan). Zaccaria placed under the protection of St. Paul the new monastery of the Angelic Sisters. February 27, 1536 (Milan). Zaccaria gives the habit to the six postulants of the Angelic Sisters; among them is Paola Antonia Negri. April 15, 1536 (Milan). In the new residence near St. Ambrose, Anthony Mary Zaccaria and his companions agree to appoint Giacomo Antonio Morigia as superior. This occurs after three votes in which Morigia was repeatedly elected. Morigia is made superior at the hand of Father Anthony Mary Zaccaria, to whom, as a true charismatic

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leader, the acceptance and formation of novices is entrusted. May 7, 1536 (Milan). Zaccaria promotes the exposition of the Shroud from the balcony of Castello Sforzesco. It is the first in history that the Shroud is put on display in the castle. June 20, 1536 (Milan). Seeing new signs of persecution emerging, Zaccaria asks, also in the name of Torelli, that the case of 1534 be reopened. This has led to the full acquittal of the Paulines from the accusations charged against them. June 29, 1536 (Milan). Anthony Mary Zaccaria is unanimously elected confessor of the Angelic Sisters; he retained this office until his death on July 5, 1539. November 30, 1536 (Milan). Zaccaria proposes to Fr. Francis Castellino that he permanently establish the School of Christian Doctrine for youth. December 13, 1536 (Milan). In the parlor of the Monastery of St. Paul, Anthony Mary Zaccaria appoints Andrea Roberto, future vicar general of St. Charles Borromeo, to appear before the judges in his defense (Premoli, Storia, I, pp. 465-467). January 25, 1537 (Milan). Zaccaria accepts the profession of vows of the Angelic Sister Paola Antonia Negri. March 4, 1537 (Milan). Zaccaria appoints Negri as mistress of novices. April 19, 1537 (Guastalla). In a handwritten letter undersigned by Torelli, Zaccaria appoints Giuseppe Fellini of Cremona as Podest (mayor) of Guastalla.

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May 26, 1537 (Cremona). On the eve of Pentecost and shortly before the mission in Vicenza, Anthony Mary Zaccaria writes to his Angelics and divine Daughters in Christ. July 2, 1537 (Milan). Zaccaria accompanies the first Pauline missionaries (Barnabites, Angelics, and Laity of St. Paul) and some collaborators (Lorenzo Davidico, known also as Castellino da Castello, and Fra Bono Lizzari) to Vicenza. Zaccaria soon had an altar built in honor of St. Paul in the church of the Converted. July 9, 1537 (Milan). To prepare himself for his profession of vows, Zaccaria, upon his return from Vicenza, renounces into the hands of Morigia, with a waiver of attorney, all his existing properties in the duchy of Milan. August 21, 1537 (Milan). The Senate President, Giacomo Filippo Sacchi, issues a full acquittal ex capite innocentiae on all the accusations of heresy against the Paulines. 1537 (Milan). Anthony Mary Zaccaria promotes the solemn Forty Hours adoration of the Blessed Sacrament in the cathedral of Milan, and in shifts at the four gates (Porta Orientale, Porta Romana, Porta Ticinese, and Porta Vercellina) of the city. August 29, 1537 (Milan). At the request of the citizens of Milan, Pope Paul IIIin the brief Universis Christifidelibus, addressed to the vicar general, Cardinal Marino Caraccioloapproves and endorses the Forty Hours adoration.

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September 2, 1537 (Milan). Zaccaria leaves again for Vicenza and re-establishes the mission. He stays near the Monastery of the Converted and chooses as centro di irradiazione (literally, center of irradiation) the church of St. Zenone. It is likely that here he met with St. Ignatius and his companions, who were in Vicenza that month. End of October, 1537 (Milan). Zaccaria has returned to Milan, where he participates in the conclusion of the Forty Hours adoration in Porta Vercellina. He requested Bartolomeo Ferrari to take his place and stay with the Paulines in Vicenza. October 8, 1538 (Cremona). Zaccaria writes to Ferrari and the Angelic Sisters in Vicenza, exhorting them to not lose heart amidst the difficulty of the mission. The letter also includes the following: He announces the imminent purchase of the church of St. Barnabas and declares it to be the ultimate goal of his institutional projects. He urges Ferrarithough he knows it is a difficult requestto send his divine priest Castellino so that he may represent him (Ferrari) at the inaugural benediction. He informs them that he will go to Guastalla today or tomorrow to do some work with Basilio Ferrari on behalf of Torelli. November 3, 1538 (Guastalla). Zaccaria writes a fatherly and heartfelt letter to the children of Paul the Apostle and ours too residing near St. Ambrose in Milan. He signs the letter, Priest of the Apostle Paul.

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November 13, 1538 (Guastalla). Zaccaria seeks and obtains justice, through the intervention of the Podest (mayor), for Giandomenico Mangalassi. Also on this day, he writes a note of comfort to our Battista, his servant in Cremona. March 26, 1539 (Milan). Torelli nominates Anthony Mary Zaccaria and Pelligrino Cignacchi as her legal representatives in her attempts to peacefully resolve a dispute with Carlo Gonzaga regarding the distribution of the irrigation water in Novellara (ASM, Notaries 10096, G.P. Bezozzi a.d.). March 28, 1539 (Milan). At the request of the Marquis of Vasto, Alfonso dAvalos, Pope Paul III renews the indulgences that had been previously granted for the Forty Hours adoration. April 12, 1539 (Milan). In the parlor of the Monastery of St. Paul, Zaccaria and Morigia facilitate Torellis donation of a farm in Pizzolano San Martino to the Angelic Sisters. Then, on behalf of Ferrari (who is not present) and the entire Congregation, they accept the donation of a house near St. Ambrose, also from Torelli. End of May, 1539 (Milan). Zaccaria is sent by Torelli to Guastalla for some important things, particularly drawing up a peace agreement with the nobles of the city in relation to the sale of the county to Ferrante Gonzaga. June 10, 1539 (Guastalla). Zaccaria writes a letter to the Angelic Sister Paola Antonia Negri.

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June 11, 1539 (Guastalla). Zaccaria writes to one of his most beloved disciples, Battista Soresina. June 20, 1539 (Guastalla). Zaccaria writes to the Omodei couple in Milan and mentions a great weariness of the body. He feels that his death is imminent, and he seeks to return to Cremona onboard a boat owned by merchants who are obliged to stop in that city as part of their trade route along the Po River. July 5, 1539 (Cremona). On Saturday, at three oclock in the afternoon, on the eve of the Feast of Saints Peter and Paul, Anthony Mary Zaccaria dies in his home (the house where he was born). After receiving a vision of St. Paul, he passed from this life in the arms of his mother and surrounded by his first companions. Bonsignore Cacciaguerra, who accompanied him from Guastalla, exclaims, O Cremona, if you only knew whose life it is that left today! What a great loss! The suffragan bishopLuca di Seriate, who ordained Zaccaria to the priesthoodpresided over the funeral, surrounded by all the clergy; the service was attended by the entire aristocratic assembly and by numerous people from Cremona and the surrounding towns. A year after the saints death, his friend Serafino Aceti wrote of him, His presence now adorns the sky, as it once adorned the earth. September 5, 1543 (Cremona). Bernardo Zaccariato free himself from an obligation established by his cousin Anthony Mary for the chapel of the Con-

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version of St. Paul in St. Donatotrades two parcels of land (the fields of Levata and Rotta, with a total of eighty-eight perches). This event captures the importance of Pauline devotion in the life of Anthony Mary, for it shows that this aspect of his spirituality left a strong impression on his cousin Bernardo.

Historical and Legal Evidence for Saint Anthony Mary Zaccarias Devotion to Saint Paul
(SUMMARY) December 14, 1531 (Cremona). Anthony Mary Zaccaria builds in St. Donato a chapel dedicated to the Conversion of St. Paul. September 27, 1533 (Milan). Zaccaria purchases a house near the church of St. Catherine, along what is today Via dei Fabbri; this church contained a chapel dedicated to Saints Peter and Paul. October 4, 1534 (Milan). Zaccaria addresses to his companions a fiery exhortation permeated by excerpts from the epistles of St. Paul. July 25, 1535 (Rome). Zaccaria obtains from Pope Paul III a bull that approves the devotion to St. Paul practiced by the saint and his disciples. October 5, 1535 (Milan). Zaccaria institutes the Oratory of St. Paul in the new house near St. Ambrose. January 25, 1536 (Milan). Zaccaria placed under the protection of St. Paul the new monastery of the Angelic Sisters. July 8, 1537 (Vicenza). Zaccaria builds an altar dedicated to St. Paul in the church of the Converted.

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November 3, 1538 (Guastalla). In a letter (Letter VII), Zaccaria signs himself as Anthony Mary, Priest of the Apostle Paul. September 5, 1543 (Cremona). Bernardo Zaccaria, a cousin of Anthony Mary whom he named patron of the chapel of the Conversion of St. Paul, was obligated to pay the chaplain a salary of 75 imperial lire for the annual celebration of the Mass on holidays and days of obligation, as well as the feasts of St. Donato and the Conversion of St. Paul. He was eager to rid himself of this obligation established by Anthony Mary. Consequently, he trades two parcels of land (the fields of Levata and Rotta, with a total of eighty-eight perches), for the said salary. Bernardo cited the notarial act approved by the vicar general, Antonio Fati, on August 6, 1540, confirming his right of patronage. The chapel still existed in the early nineteenth century. In all the writings of St. Anthony Mary Zaccaria, the doctrines of St. Paul are quoted, directly or indirectly, 834 times. Also, the Constitutions (Chapter V) state that the feasts of the Conversion of St. Paul (January 25) and of his martyrdom (June 30) should be preceded by fasting. February 14, 1568 (Cremona). Bernardo Zaccaria adds some appendices to his last will and testament, including an inheritance of 25 gold coins for the construction of an altarpiece for the chapel of the Conversion of St. Paul built by Anthony Mary in the church of St. Donato. Two days later, Bernardo dies in the Zaccaria home.

CLERICS REGULAR OF ST. PAUL

Let us run like madmen not only toward God but also toward our neighbors.
(St. Anthony Mary Zaccaria, Letter II)

The Clerics Regular of Saint Paul are commonly called Barnabites from their first major Church in Milan, Italy, which was dedicated to Saint Barnabas. The Barnabites are Clerics Regular, that is, clerics doing any priestly work but living together under a special Rule, bound by solemn vows of poverty, chastity, and obedience. Saint Paul is the patron saint of the Order, from whom the Barnabites draw inspiration in spreading the devotion to Christ Crucified and to the Holy Eucharist. The Order was founded almost 500 years ago by Saint Anthony Mary Zaccaria (1502-1539), a learned and charitable medical doctor. Believing that souls were more in need of healing than bodies, he became a priest. Following the example of their Holy Founder, every Barnabite adds the name Mary to his. The Barnabite Order consists of both priests and brothers. The Barnabites are in: Afghanistan, Albania, Argentina, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Congo, India, Italy, Mexico, Philippines, Poland, Rwanda, Spain, and the United States.

Visit: www.barnabites.com For more information contact: Barnabites U.S.A. 1023 Swann Road, P.O. Box 167 Youngstown, New York 14174 U.S.A. Tel. 716.754.7489 E-mail: pmccrsp@fatimashrine.com Barnabites India #192, Amrutha Nagar, 3rd Phase, 4th Main Choodasandra Main Road Huskur Post, Bangalore - 99 Karnataka India Tel. 91.80.25746286 E-mail: barnaindiacrsp@gmail.com Barnabites Philippines Saint Anthony Maria Zaccaria Seminary 360 Apitong Street Marikina Heights, 1810 Marikina City Philippines Tel. 02.934.3563 E-mail: SAMZaccariaseminary@gmail.com

ANGELIC SISTERS OF ST. PAUL

Unfurl your flags, my dear daughters, for Jesus Crucified is about to send you to proclaim everywhere the vital energy of the Spirit.
(St. Anthony Mary Zaccaria, Letter V)

The Angelic Sisters of Saint Paul work in active apostolate as collaborators of the Clerics Regular of Saint Paul (Barnabites) and the Laity of Saint Paul in their mission of renewing the Christian fervor in the Church. Saint Paul is their protector and guide, after whom they model their life. The Congregation was founded in Milan, Italy, by the same founder as the Barnabites, Saint Anthony Mary Zaccaria, and as granted the Pontifical Bull of approval on January 15, 1535. The Congregation of the Angelic Sisters of Saint Paul are inspired in their apostolic works by Mary, under the name, Mother of Divine Providence, who in her life has been a model of that motherly love, with which all who join in the Churchs apostolic mission for the regeneration of mankind should be animated. The Angelic Sisters serve in the Church in the following countries: Italy, Brazil, Belgium, Spain, United States, Democratic Republic of Congo, Kosovo, Philippines, Portugal, Chile, Albania, Poland, Rwanda, and Indonesia.

Visit: www.angelicsistersofstpaul.blogspot.com For more information contact: Angelic Sisters of St. Paul U.S.A. 4196 William Penn Hwy Easton, PA 18045-5067 U.S.A. Tel. +1 610.258.7792 Angelic Sisters of St. Paul Philippines 314 General M. Ordoez Street Marikina Heights, Marikina City Philippines Tel. +63 2.948.4477 or +63 2.941.2993 E-mail: angelicsisters.asp@gmail.com angelics.phil@gmail.com Susteran ASP Indonesia Angelic Sisters of St. Paul Jln Wairklan Gang kanari 3 kal. Madawat. Maumere, Flores-NTT Indonesia
Tel. +62 382.22717

LAITY OF ST. PAUL

I greatly desire that you become great saints, since you are well equipped to reach this goal, if you will it.
(Athony Mary Zaccaria, Letter XI)

The Laity of Saint Paul originated in the early 1500s by the initiative of Saint Anthony Mary Zaccaria. The brilliant and prophetic intuition of Anthony Mary was to understand that true holiness is achieved only with a deep internal reform that is required of all: priests, religious and lay people, especially married ones. So it was that Anthony Mary Zaccaria gathered around him many married lay people, to make them grow in the knowledge of faith and in the love toward neighbors. His idea was that only through cooperation of the three states of life could the Church find the ferment of growth and renewal. By 1986, some lay people came together and decided to submit to the Barnabite Fathers and the Angelic Sisters the project to rebuild this reality. The approval of the movement was slow and resulted in some difficulties, which were then overcome. Today the Laity of St. Paul are a reality in many parts of Italy and abroad, and have a job-training program for its members. Their spiritual life is nourished by reading and meditating on the Scriptures, especially the letters of Saint Paul, and studying the writings of the holy founder.

Their main aim is the internal reform, that is, to win over lukewarmness which leads slowly into indifference and spiritual laziness. This internal reform is also to find the strength, passion, and enthusiasm of the true Faith understood as full trust in the Person of Jesus Christ. Visit: www.laicidisanpaolo.com For more information contact: Barnabites Canada St. James Parish 231 Morden Road Oakville, Canada 1L6K 2S2 CANADA Tel. 905.845.3603 E-mail: stjamesoak@bell.net

Also from the Zaccarian Library:

Can you apply Marys virtues  to your own life?

The Blessed Virgin Mary holds the highest honor of any creature. The Churchs Litany to her is a beautiful exposition of her glorious titles. Her virtues shine through when meditating on this prayer. Author and Barnabite priest, Father Giovanni Semeria, exhorts the reader to apply these virtues to ones own life. Father Semeria unfolds the Litany in 31 profound, but challenging, meditations for spiritual reflection. Father Semerias meditations are spiritual, not catechetical. This book assumes the reader already has knowledge of Catholic doctrine. The meditations elevate the reader to apply the attributes of Mary to his own life.

In these pages we speak of a man who, under the power of grace, is determined to battle what he believes to be the worst enemies of the Christian Faith: lukewarmness and the lack of decisiveness (irresoluteness). And he does so by carrying, wherever he passes, a fire that conquers and rapidly spreads, inflaming with zeal the cities where he works and transforming them into radiant centers of sainthood.

Titles in the Zaccarian Library are available from: leoninepublishers.com/bookstore amazon.com barnesandnoble.com

St. Anthony Mary Zaccarias Legacy of Sanctity

Below are provided the links to the writings of St. Anthony Mary Zaccaria. LETTERS Letter 1 Letter 2 Letter 3 Letter 4 Letter 5 Letter 6 Letter 7 Letter 8 Letter 9 Letter 10 Letter 11 Letter 12 SERMONS Sermon 1 Sermon 2 Sermon 3 Sermon 4 Sermon 5 Sermon 6 www.barnabites.com/sermon-1 www.barnabites.com/sermon-2 www.barnabites.com/sermon-3 www.barnabites.com/sermon-4 www.barnabites.com/sermon-5 www.barnabites.com/sermon-6 www.barnabites.com/letter-1 www.barnabites.com/letter-2 www.barnabites.com/letter-3 www.barnabites.com/letter-4 www.barnabites.com/letter-5 www.barnabites.com/letter-6 www.barnabites.com/letter-7 www.barnabites.com/letter-8 www.barnabites.com/letter-9 www.barnabites.com/letter-10 www.barnabites.com/letter-11 www.barnabites.com/letter-12

CONSTITUTIONS Constitutions - www.barnabites.com/constitutions