GEOTECHNICALCONSTRUCTION:TECHNICALTRAININGSERIES

StateofPractice:Micropile StructuralandGeotechnicalDesign
Presentedby:

JonathanK.Bennett,PE,D.GE
Presentedto:

DFI/ADSCMicropile Seminar,SaltLakeCity,UT March21,2013

Introduction
ThisSessionsObjectives: Explorethestateofpracticeintermsofdesign. WellDoThatByCovering: AQuickIntroductiontoMicropiles inGeneral CurrentDesignCodesandPractice DesignExampleandComparison Micropile ResearchFindingsthatExtendtheStateofPractice

WhatisaMicropile?

WhatisaMicropile?
Saidanotherway,AMicropile isapilethat Isdrilledandgrouted, Is12inchesorlessindiameter, Isareplacementvs adisplacementpile, Istypicallyreinforced,and Mayormaynothavesteelcasingleftinplace permanently.

Micropile Installation
Micropiles aretypicallyinstalledbydrillingtheminto thegroundusingeithercasedoruncasedconstruction androtary,rotarypercussiveordownholehammer drillingsystems. Temporaryorpermanentcasingcanbeutilizedfor installationofmicropiles wheresupportofthedrilled holesidesisrequired(cavingsoils). Generally,theholeisdrilledandcleaned,the reinforcingcoreinsertedintotheholeandthenthe holeisgroutedfromthebottomupusingatremie groutingmethods. Whererockdrillingisrequired,rotarypercussiveor downholehammerequipmentisusedforrapidhole advancement.

Micropile Features
Micropiles canbeinstalledatanglesandare abletoresistbothaxialandlateralloads. Micropiles developtheiraxialcapacity primarilythroughthebondbetweengrout andsoilorrockinthebondedzoneofthe pile.Becauseofthis,micropiles provideboth tensionandcompressionresistancethus makingthemusefulinavarietyof applications. Theyareinstalledusingmostlythesame drillingandgroutingequipmentthatisused fortiebacksandsoilnailing.
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Micropile Features
Becauseoftheinstallationmethodsused (DHHandrotarypercussivedrilling), micropiles canbeusedinsoilandrock conditionswheretheuseofconventional deepfoundationsystemsarenota reasonablealternative(suchasKarst topography,wheremodestobstructionsare present,orinlowheadroomconditions).

Micropile Origins

Dr.FernandoLizzi (January2,1914 August28,2003) isconsideredthefatherofmicropile technology

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Micropile Origins

Dr.Lizzi startedtoworkforthecompanySACIFin1947,butshortlyafterwardswasthefirst(andfor sometime,theonly)civilengineerofthenewlyformedcompany,Fondedile,whereheremainedas TechnicalDirectorfornearly50years.Duringthistimewhile,Italyspecifically,andEuropegenerally, werebeingreconstructed,hedevelopedthetechnologylaternamedpali radice (rootpile,micropile) fortherestorationofdamagedmonumentsandbuildingsattheScuola Angiulli inNaples.Thefirst internationalapplicationofmicropiles wasseeninGermanyin1952fortheunderpinningofKrupp,in EssenBochumandthentheKerkini DaminGreece.Thetechniquewaslaterappliedinhundredsof worksbyFondedile invariouscountries.Pali radice havebeenusedextensivelyintherestorationof monuments,e.g.PonteVecchio inFlorencein1966andthestabilizationoftheLeaningTowerof Burano inVenice.HediedinNaplesonAugust28,2003.[Wikipedia]
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Micropile Origins

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Micropile Origins

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HistoryandIncreaseinUsage
1950s PostWWIIEurope Dr.FernandoLizzi Root Piles(PaloRadice) 1970s USspecialtycontractorsstarttodabblewith micropiles andgraduallyincreasecapacity 1990s RapidEmergenceinUSfollowingFHWAResearch 1997FHWAMicropile StateofPracticeDocument 2000FHWAMicropile Guidelines 2003DFIGuideSpecification 2005NHI/FHWAMicropile ReferenceManual 2006IBCMicropile SectionAdoption 2007AASHTOLRFDDesignSpecificationAdoption Increaseinusesinceinceptionsuchthat2003market estimatedtobeinexcessof$300MinUSalone.
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TypesofMicropiles

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TypesofMicropiles

TypicalHighCapacity Micropile

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TypesofMicropiles:HollowBar

HollowBarMicropile AkaInjectionBoreor SelfDrillingAnchor

Advantages: Highbondtransfervalues. Canbeinstalledincavingsoils withoutcasing.
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TypesofMicropiles:HollowBar

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TypesofMicropiles:HollowBar

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TypesofMicropiles FHWADesignApplicationClassifications Case1 Micropile isloadeddirectlyandthat loadisresisteddirectlybythemicropile andits reinforcement(normalfoundationmicropile). Case2 Micropile elementscircumscribeand internallyreinforcethesoilsoastotheoretically makeareinforcedsoilcompositethatresists externalloads(reticulatedmicropile structure).
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TypesofMicropiles FHWAConstructionTypeClassifications TypeA GravityGrouted TypeB PressureGroutedThroughCasing TypeC SingleGlobalPostGrout TypeD MultipleRepeatablePostGrout TypeE* HollowBar

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Micropile Materials
PipeCasing(typicallymillsecondaryoilfieldcasing) SolidorHollowReinforcingBars NeatCementGrout

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Micropile Materials:Casing
Typically,80ksi MillSecondary OilfieldTubularisthenational normformicropile casing.

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Micropile Materials:CoreSteel

CoresteelcanbesolidorhollowbarsandistypicallyASTM A615grades75,80or95orASTMA722Grade150.

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Micropile Materials:Grout
Groutusedformicropiles istypicallyaneatwater cementmixthat mayormaynotcontainplasticizingadmixturesforflowability.

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Micropile InstallationEquipment
Useessentiallythesameorsimilardrillingandgroutingequipment usedforinstallationofdrilledandgroutedgroundanchors.Thereis awiderangeofsizesandconfigurationsformicropile drills.

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Micropile InstallationEquipment

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Micropile InstallationEquipment

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Micropile InstallationEquipment

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Micropile InstallationEquipment

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Micropile InstallationEquipment

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Micropile InstallationEquipment

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Micropile InstallationEquipment

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Micropile InstallationEquipment

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Micropile InstallationEquipment

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Micropile InstallationEquipment

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Micropile InstallationEquipment

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Micropile InstallationEquipment

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Micropile InstallationEquipment

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Micropile InstallationEquipment

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Micropile InstallationEquipment

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Micropile InstallationEquipment

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Micropile InstallationEquipment

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Micropile InstallationEquipment

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Micropile Applications
FoundationPiles FoundationSupportthroughDifficultSubsurface Conditions FoundationUnderpinning/Retrofit SlopeStabilization EarthRetention(AFrame&ReticulatedStructures) VerticalSoilReinforcement Micropiles forSettlement ControlinSoftSoils GroundSourceHeating/Cooling EnergyPiles

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Micropile Applications

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DifficultSubsurfaceConditions
Karstisadistinctivetopographyinwhichthelandscapeislargelyshapedbythedissolving actionofwateroncarbonatebedrock(usuallylimestone,dolomite,ormarble). Thisgeologicprocess,occurringoverlongperiodsoftime,resultsinunusualsurfaceand subsurfacefeaturesrangingfromsinkholes,verticalshafts,disappearingstreams,and springs,tocomplexundergrounddrainagesystemsandcaves.

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KarstFeatures

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KarstFeatures:PinnacledLimestone

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KarstFeatures:PinnacledLimestone

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KarstMap

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Micropile Feasibility
Micropiles aremostcosteffectivewhenoneormoreofthe followingconditionsexist: Difficultsubsurfaceconditions,e.g.soilswithboulders,or debris,existingfoundations,highgroundwater,etc. Restrictedaccessorlimitedoverheadclearance. Subsurfacevoids(karst). Vibrationsandnoisemustbeminimized. Settlementmustbeminimized. Relativelyhighunitloadsarerequired(50k 1000k)and otherdrillingmethodsareineffective.
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Micropile Design Fundamentally,Micropile designistheprocessof properlymatchingmicropile componentsand overallconfigurationtotheloadsrequired. Intheinterestoftimeandforsimplicity,wewillbe examiningdesignfromtheperspectiveof structuralandgeotechnicaldesignforresisting axialloadsonly.

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Micropile Design
LoadTransferMechanism Formicropiles,theaxialloadisresistedprimarilyby thegrouttosoilorgrouttorockbondcapacityin thebondedzoneofthepile.Thisallowsresistance tobothtensionandcompressionforces. Endbearingisnottypicallyconsideredexceptinthe caseofacasingonlymicropile withaminimalrock socket.Inthatcase,werelyontheconfinement conditionoftherocksockettoprovideresistancefar inexcessofwhatwouldtypicallybeconsidered basedonpublishedbearingcapacities.
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Micropile Design LoadTransfer FullyBonded

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Micropile Design LoadTransfer SocketedCasing

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Micropile Design LoadTransfer Casedw/Reinforcing

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Micropile Design
BasicConsiderationsforMicropile Design DeterminationofAxialandLateralLoading Conditions Micropile StructuralDesign
CasedSection UncasedSection

GeotechnicalDesignCapacity PiletoFoundationConnection Deformations/Serviceability VerificationofAssumptionsthroughTestingandQC

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Micropile Design
Micropile DesignGuidesandSpecifications 1997FHWAMicropile StateofPractice 2000FHWAMicropile Guidelines 2003DFIGuideSpecification 2005NHI/FHWAMicropile ReferenceManual 2006IBCMicropile Section(2009Rev) 2007AASHTOLRFDDesignSpecification(2010Rev) ForthcomingADSC/DFIMicropile Specification ForthcomingAASHTOLRFDConstructionSpecification ForthcomingNHI/FHWAReferenceManualRevions (LRFD)
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Micropile Design

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Micropile Design CurrentDesignApproachesforMicropiles ServiceLoadDesign

FederalHighwayAdministrationManuals InternationalBuildingCode MostLocalBuildingCodes

LRFDDesign
AASHTOLRFDBridgeDesignSpecifications ForthcomingFHWA/NHIManual
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Micropile Design

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Micropile DesignSLDvs LRFD

ServiceLoadorWorkingLoadDesign ServiceLoadUltimateLoad/FS AllowableStressorWorkingStressDesign ActualStressYieldorUltimateStress/FS

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Micropile DesignSLDvs LRFD

LoadandResistanceFactorDesign(LRFD) utilizesvariousLoadFactorswithmagnitudes basedontypeofloadtoaccountforvariability inloadingandvariousResistanceFactorsof varyingmagnitudesbasedonmaterialor resistancetypetoaccountforvariabilityin resistance.

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Micropile DesignSLDvs LRFD

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Micropile DesignSLDvs LRFD

(FHWA,1997)
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Micropile DesignSLDvs LRFD LOADCOMBINATIONS

BuildingcodesspecifydifferentloadcombinationsforASDandLRFDduetothe differenceinthewayloadsareconsideredinthetwodifferentmethods.The combinationsbelowarefromASCE7andthe2010IBC. ASDLoadCombinations D+F D+H+F+L+T D+H+F+(Lr orSorR) D+H+F+0.75(L+T)+0.75(Lr orSorR) D+H+F+(Wor0.7E) D+H+F+0.75(W or0.7E)+0.75L+0.75(Lr or SorR) 0.6D+W+H 0.6D+0.7E+H
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LRFDLoadCombinations 1.4(D+F) 1.2(D+F+T)+1.6(L+H)+0.5(Lr orSorR) 1.2D+1.6(Lr orSorR)+(L or0.8W) 1.2D+1.6W+L+0.5(Lr orSorR) 1.2D+1.0E+L+0.2S 0.9D+1.6W+1.6H 0.9D+1.0E+1.6H

Micropile DesignSLDvs LRFD Itisdifficulttodirectly compareSLDresultsand LRFDresultsbecauseinLRFD,thefactoredloads usedincomputingrequiredresistancevary basedonhowmuchofdifferenttypesofload arepresentbecauseloadfactorsaredifferent fordifferenttypesofload.Otherwise,the relationshipbetweenSLDandLRFDwouldbe thesimplerelationship: LoadFactor/ResistanceFactor=Factorof Safety
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Micropile StructuralDesign BasicConsiderationsforMicropile Structural Design CasedLengthAnalysis/Design UncasedLengthAnalysis/Design DesignofComponentsinthosezones Youmightincludepilecapconnectiondesignin thestructuraldesigncategory.
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Micropile StructuralDesign

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Micropile StructuralDesign
CompressionStrength(Ultimate)
Puc =fcAg +Fy As

CompressionStrength(Allowable)
Pac =AfcAg +BFy Ac +CFy Ab

TensionStrength(Ultimate)
Put =Fy As

TensionStrength(Allowable)
Pat =DFy As
WhereA,B,CandDarereductionfactorswhichexpresstheallowablestressesasa percentageofultimatestress.Themagnitudeofthesereductionfactorsvariesdependingon whichdesigncodeyouareusing. Thecoreassumptionwithregardtotheabovecompressivestrengthformulasisthatthepile issufficientlysupportedalongitslengthbysoilorrocksuchthatbucklingcannotoccur.Most soilswillprovidealevelofsupportthatissufficienttoprecludeoutrightbuckling.However, thestiffnessoftheoverburdensoilscaneffecttheactualpilecapacity.Thisisnottakeninto accountintheformulas.

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Micropile StructuralDesign FHWA CompressionStrength(Allowable)

Pac =0.40fcAg +0.47Fy As

TensionStrength(Allowable)
Pat =0.55Fy Ab

MaximumTestLoad(Allowable)
Ptc =0.8(fcAg +Fy As) Ptt =0.8Fy Ab forASTMA615material Ptt =0.8Fu Ab forASTMA722material
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Micropile StructuralDesign IBC CompressionLoading

Pac =0.33fcAg +0.40Fy As

TensionLoading
Pat =0.60Fy Ab(sameasPTI)

Steelyieldstresslimitedto80ksi. Steelreinforcementmustcarryatleast40%of theload.

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Micropile StructuralDesignComparison
FHWADesignCriteria
Compression: Tension: Pa =0.40fcAg +0.47FyAb Pa =0.55FyAb

DFI/IBCDesignCriteria
Compression: Tension: Pa =0.33fcAg +0.40FyAb Pa =0.60FyAb(sameasPTI) Fy =87ksi max(straincompatibility) Fy =87ksi max(straincompatibility) Fy =80ksi max 0.40FyAb >=0.40Pa
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ImposedLimitations
FHWACompression: DFICompression: IBCCompression: IBCCompression:

Micropile StructuralDesign

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Micropile StructuralDesign LRFD

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Micropile StructuralDesign LRFD Notethatinthisformat,theproductofload factorsandmeanloadeffectsarecombinedas opposedtocombiningloadeffectsalone.This differsfromtraditionalWorkingStressorService Loadanalysiswheretheloadeffectsaloneare combinedwithoutloadfactors.

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Micropile StructuralDesign LRFD 10.9.3.10.2 AxialCompressiveResistance

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Micropile StructuralDesign LRFD 10.9.3.10.2 AxialCompressiveResistance 10.9.3.10.2a CasedLength

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Micropile StructuralDesign LRFD 10.9.3.10.2 AxialCompressiveResistance 10.9.3.10.2b UncasedLength

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Micropile StructuralDesign LRFD 10.9.3.10.3 AxialTensionResistance

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Micropile StructuralDesign LRFD

Section10.5 LimitStatesandResistanceFactors 10.5.5 ResistanceFactors 10.5.5.2.5 Micropiles ResistancefactorsshallbeselectedfromTable10.5.5.2.51basedon themethodusedfordeterminingthenominalaxialpileresistance.If theresistancefactorsprovidedinTable10.5.5.2.51aretobeapplied topilesinpotentiallycreepingsoils,highlyplasticsoils,weakrock,or othermarginalgroundtype,theresistancefactorvaluesintheTable shouldbereducedby20percenttoreflectgreaterdesignuncertainty. TheresistancefactorsinTable10.5.5.2.51werecalibratedbyfittingto ASDprocedurestemperedwithengineeringjudgment.Theresistance factorsinTable10.5.5.2.5.2forstructuralresistancewerecalibrated byfittingtoASDproceduresandareequaltoorslightlymore conservativethancorrespondingresistancefactorsfromSection5of theAASHTOLRFDSpecificationsforreinforcedconcretecolumndesign.
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Micropile StructuralDesign LRFD

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Micropile StructuralDesign LRFD

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Micropile StructuralDesign LRFDComparison StructuralDesign Comparison CompressionCase FHWAASD Pac =0.40fcAg +0.47fy As IBCASD Pac =0.33fcAg +0.40fy As AASHTOLRFDEQUIVALENTASDFORMULA Pac =0.36fcAg +0.425fy As (LFavg =1.5) (LFavg =1.42) Pac =0.38fcAg +0.45fy As
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Micropile StructuralDesign LRFDComparison StructuralDesign Comparison TensionCase FHWAASD Pat =0.55fy Ab IBCASD Pat =0.60fy Ab AASHTOLRFDEQUIVALENTASDFORMULA Pat =0.533fy Ab (LFavg =1.5) (LFavg =1.42) Pat =0.563fy Ab
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Micropile StructuralDesign LRFDComparison

Micropile Information(Given) CasingSize: CasingStrength: 7ODX0.500 N80MillSecondary Fy =80ksi minimum #18FullLength ASTMA615Gr 80 Fy =80ksi fc=4000psi 40.00 Limestone 7.5=0.625 1.00
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CoreSize: CoreStrength:

GroutStrength: CasedLength: RockType: SocketDiameter: PlungeLength:

Micropile StructuralDesign LRFDComparison

BasicCrossSectionProperties
#18BarCore,7ODX0.500Casing, 7.5SocketDiameter CASEDSECTION Abar =4.00in2 (#18) Acasing =3.1416(ro2ri2)=10.21in2 Agrout =3.1416(3)24.00=24.27in2 UNCASEDSECTION Abar =4.00in2 (#18) Agrout =3.1416(3.75)24.00=40.18in2
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Micropile StructuralDesign LRFDComparison CompressionStructuralDesign CasedLength

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Micropile StructuralDesign LRFDComparison CompressionStructuralDesign UncasedLength

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Micropile StructuralDesign LRFDComparison TensionStructuralDesign

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Micropile StructuralDesign LRFDComparison TensionStructuralDesign

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Micropile StructuralDesign LRFDComparison StructuralDesign Comparison

Compression AllowableService Load Cased Length FHWAASD IBCASD AASHTOLRFD (LFavg=1.50) AASHTOLRFD (LFavg=1.42) 573k 487k 518k 547k Compression AllowableService Load Uncased Length 215k 181k 194k 205k Tension Allowable ServiceLoad 176k 192k 171k 180k

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Micropile StructuralDesign LRFDComparison StructuralDesign Comparison

CompressionAllowableServiceLoadCasedLength
580

560

540 AxialLoad(kips)

520

500

480

460

440 FHWAASD IBCASD AASHTOLRFD(LF=1.50) AASHTOLRFD(LF=1.42)

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Micropile StructuralDesign LRFDComparison StructuralDesign Comparison

CompressionAllowableServiceLoadUncasedLength
220

210

200 AxialLoad(kips)

190

180

170

160 FHWAASD IBCASD AASHTOLRFD(LF=1.50) AASHTOLRFD(LF=1.42)

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Micropile StructuralDesign LRFDComparison StructuralDesign Comparison

TensionAllowableServiceLoad
195

190

185 AxialLoad(kips)

180

175

170

165

160 FHWAASD IBCASD AASHTOLRFD(LF=1.50) AASHTOLRFD(LF=1.42)

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Micropile /FoundationConnection

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Micropile GeotechnicalDesign
Fordesignpurposes,micropiles areusuallyassumed totransfertheirloadtothegroundthroughgrout togroundskinfriction,withoutanycontribution fromendbearing(FHWA,1997). Thisassumptionresultsinapilethatisforthemost partgeotechnically equivalentintensionand compression. SuggestedbondvaluescanbefoundintheFHWA ManualsaswellasinthePTIRecommendationsfor Prestressed RockandSoilAnchors.
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Micropile GeotechnicalDesign

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Micropile GeotechnicalDesign
AllowableGeotechnicalCapacity FHWA

IBCCodedoesnotofferspecificguidancefor bondvaluesforgeotechnicaldesignofmicropiles.
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Micropile GeotechnicalDesign
Summary of Typical Grout to Ground Bond Values for Preliminary Micropile Design
Soil / Rock Description Type A English (psi) min max avg Silt and Clay (some sand) soft, medium plastic Silt and Clay (some sand) stiff, dense to very dense Sand (some silt) fine, loose-medium dense Sand (some silt, gravel) fine-coarse, med-very dense Gravel (some sand) medium-very dense Glacial Till (silt, sand, gravel) medium-very dense, cemented Soft Shales fresh-moderate fracturing little to no weathering Slates and Hard Shales fresh-moderate fracturing little to no weathering Limestone fresh-moderate fracturing little to no weathering Sandstone fresh-moderate fracturing little to no weathering Granite and Basalt fresh-moderate fracturing little to no weathering Type A - Gravity grout only. Type B - Pressure grouted through the casing during casing withdrawal. Type C - Primary grout placed under gravity head, then one phase of secondary "global" pressure grouting. Type D - Primary grout placed under gravity head, then one or more phases of secondary "global" pressure grouting. 5.1 7.3 10.2 13.8 13.8 13.8 29.7 10.2 17.4 21.0 31.2 38.4 27.6 79.8 7.6 12.3 15.6 22.5 26.1 20.7 54.8 SI (kPa) min max avg 35 50 70 95 95 95 205 70 120 52.5 85 Typical Range of Grout-to-Ground Nominal Strength Type B Type C English (psi) SI (kPa) English (psi) SI (kPa) min max avg min max avg min max avg min max avg 5.1 10.2 13.8 27.6 27.6 52.2 52.2 45.0 -9.4 18.9 18.9 34.8 34.8 29.4 -35 70 70 120 120 95 -95 190 190 360 360 310 -65 130 130 240 240 7.3 13.8 13.8 21.0 21.0 17.4 27.6 27.6 52.2 52.2 45.0 -12.3 20.7 20.7 36.6 36.6 31.2 -50 95 95 145 145 120 -120 190 190 360 360 310 -85 Type D English (psi) SI (kPa) min max avg min max avg 7.3 21.0 27.6 34.8 55.8 55.8 48.6 -14.1 20.7 24.3 38.4 38.4 33.0 -50 95 95 145 145 120 -145 97.5

142.5 13.8 142.5 13.8 252.5 21.0 252.5 21.0 215 -17.4 --

190 142.5 240 167.5 385 385 265 265

145 107.5 10.2 215 265 155 180 17.4 17.4

190 142.5 13.8 550 377.5 --

202.5 17.4 ---

335 227.5 ---

74.7 200.2 137.4

515

1380 947.5

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150.1 300.2 225.2 1035 2070 1553

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75.4 250.2 162.8

520

1725 1123

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200.2 609.2 404.7 1380 4200 2790

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Micropile GeotechnicalDesign

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Micropile GeotechnicalDesign

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Micropile GeotechnicalDesign LRFD Section10.9.3 StrengthLimitStateDesign 10.9.3.5 NominalAxialCompression ResistanceofaSingleMicropile Micropiles shallbedesignedtoresistfailureof thebondedlengthinsoilandrock,orfor micropiles bearingonrock,failureoftherockat themicropile tip.
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Micropile GeotechnicalDesign LRFD Section10.9.3.5 NominalAxialCompression ResistanceofaSingleMicropile

Thefactoredresistanceofamicropile,RR,shallbetakenas:

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Micropile GeotechnicalDesign LRFD Section10.9.3.5 NominalAxialCompression ResistanceofaSingleMicropile

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Micropile GeotechnicalDesign LRFD

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Micropile Testing LRFDVerification

Section10.9.3 StrengthLimitStateDesign 10.9.3.5 NominalAxialCompressionResistanceofaSingle Micropile 10.9.3.5.4 Micropile LoadTest TheloadtestshallfollowtheproceduresspecifiedinASTM D1143forcompressionandASTMD3689fortension.The loadingprocedureshouldfollowtheQuickLoadTestMethod, unlessdetailedlongertermloadsettlementdataisneeded,in whichcasethestandardloadingprocedureshouldbeused. UnlessspecifiedotherwisebytheEngineer,thepileaxial (nominal)resistance shallbedeterminedfromthetestdata usingtheDavissonMethodaspresentedinArticle10.7.3.8.2.
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Micropile StructuralDesign LRFDLimitations

LoadCombinationsandLoadFactorsinSection3(Table 3.4.11)weredevelopedspecificallyforbridgesandmay notbeapplicabletootherstructures. CurrentResistanceFactorsarecalibratedbasedonfittingto ASD,notonreliabilitytheory.Thereforedoesnottruly reflectreliabilitybaseddesignatthistimeexceptinformat. NoStrengthLimitStateChecksforlateralloads.Not enoughconsensusexistsintermsofdesignmethodology forLRFD. Includesstraincompatibilityrelatedstresslimitationswhich havebeenshowntobeerroneousforreinforcingina confinedcondition. DavissonisthecriteriafordeterminingtheResistanceofa micropile.Davissonisconsideredbymanytobeoverly conservativeandinappropriateformicropiles.
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Micropile Testing
Itistypicalforanysubstantialmicropile projecttoinclude somesortoftestingprogram. GenerallybasedonASTMD1143QuickTest. TheolderFHWAspecificationsprescribedtestingto2.5X ServiceDesignLoad. NewerFHWApublicationsrecommend2.0XDL.2.0DLis appropriateinmostcases.Testto2.0DLforbesteconomy. Tensiontestingisgenerallyconsideredtobeconservative comparedtocompressiontestingbecauseitneglectsanyend bearingandisoftenmoreeconomicalforcheckingcapacity. Howevertensiontestresultswillnotgiverepresentative movementresultsforcompressioncase. Compressiontestingrequiresanchorstoholddowntesting apparatusaddingtocostbutgivesrepresentativeresultsfor compressionloading.
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Micropile Testing

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Micropile Testing

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Micropile NewFrontiers
ADSC/DFIJointMicropile Committee
TheMicropile Committeeisajointcommitteecomprisedof membersfromboththeADSCIAFDandtheDeepFoundations Institute(DFI),andiscomprisedofinterestedengineering professionalsdedicatedtoproviding: primaryassistanceinthewritingofapplicablespecifications review,commentaryandformalacceptanceofdesignand constructionspecifications anetworkofindustryprofessionalstoperformresearch necessaryfortheadvancementofMicropile technologies
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Micropile NewFrontiers
CommitteeObjectives
Havefour(4)committeemeetingsperyeartoconductthe businessoftheCommittee, Sponsorandexecuteone(1)totwo(2)industryeducational seminarseachyear, Canvasthecommitteemembershiptoinvestigatefutureresearch activitiesandneedsthatmaybesuitabletoparticipateinor recommendtotheADSCIASC(IndustryAdvancementSteering Committee)orDFICommitteeProjectFund forsponsorship.

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Micropile NewFrontiers
Specifications
DFI/ADSCGuidetoDraftingaSpecificationforMicropiles AASHTOLRFDBridgeDesignSpecification Micropiles AASHTOLRFDBridgeConstructionSpecifications Micropiles InputonDevelopmentandMaintenanceofIBCMicropiles Section CurrentlyupdatingDFI/ADSCMicropile GuideSpecification WillprovideinputonNewFHWA/NHIMicropile Manual

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Micropile NewFrontiers
Research
Micropile StrainCompatibilityTesting Micropile BearingPlates:AreTheyNecessary PositionPaperontheUseofMillSecondaryCasing ReticulatedMicropile StateofPractice

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Micropile NewFrontiers
Micropile StrainCompatibilityTesting

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Micropile NewFrontiers
Micropile BearingPlates:AreTheyNecessary

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Micropile NewFrontiers
PositionPaperontheUseofMillSecondaryCasing

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Micropile NewFrontiers
ReticulatedMicropile StateofPractice

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Questions?

Whatsa Micropile?

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Questions?

GeneralQ&A
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Questions?
Formoreinformationonmicropiles:
UpcomingDFI/ADSCMicropile Seminars AnnualorSemiAnnual DFIMicropile CommitteeQ&AWebsite(www.dfi.org) MypersonalblogonMicropile DesignandConstructionwww.micropile.org MD&ConFacebookwww.facebook.com/Micropiles FHWAGeotechnicalEngineeringLibrary ContactmeandIwillscheduleatimetocometoyourofficeandprovide specificmicropile trainingtailoredtoyourneeds. JonBennett j_bennett@brayman.com (724)4431533x54107Office/(304)7074840Mobile
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Questions?

THANKYOU!
forYourTimeandAttention

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