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Draft Outline 1 Name: ____________________ Topic: ____________________

1. Sketch a mind map illustrating your preliminary understanding of the topic and its issues.

The Impacts of Global Warming

Source: http://live-the-solution.com/mindmaps/

Note: Your mind map does not need to be as colourful or elaborate, nor does it need to follow the above sample exactly. The objective is for you to start the brainstorming process by thinking critically through the topic and identifying key issues while noting down any significant associations/links. You may complete your mind map by hand, then save it as an image file for incorporation into the draft outline.

2. List 3 references related to the topic and provide a brief summary (< 150 words) for each. National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. (2007), The Climate of 2007 (http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/oa/climate/research/2007/perspectives.html) In 2007, global land surface temperature was the warmest on record, while total surface temperature (including oceans) was the fifth-warmest since recordkeeping began in 1880. In the United States, 2007 was the 10th-warmest year, and six of the 10 warmest years on record for this country have occurred since 1998. A severe heat wave affected large parts of the central and southeastern United States in August 2007, setting more than 2,500 new daily record highs. The seven months from January through July 2008 ranked as the ninth-warmest seven-month period on record for total surface temperature. EIA, Emissions of Greenhouse Gases in the United States 2004 (December 2005) Global warming pollution emitted in the United States reached the highest level ever recorded in 2004, according to an Energy Information Administration (EIA) report released in December. This stands in stark contrast to the White House's assertion at the Montreal global warming talks just two weeks earlier that their voluntary policies were having a significant effect on emissions. Total emissions of heat-trapping gases grew by 139 million tons from 2003 to 2004, which represents a 2 percent increase. Transportation emissions grew by 3.1 percent, the largest jump since 1990. Overall 2004 emissions were 16 percent higher than just 15 years ago. Based on current policies, the EIA projects that these trends will only continue, leading to a further 38 percent increase in emissions by 2030. T.J. Crowley (2000), Causes of Climate Change Over the Past 1000 Years, Science v. 289: 270-277 Humans are the dominant force behind the sharp global warming trend seen in the 20th century, according to this analysis of the climate over the last 1,000 years. The report found that natural factors like volcanic eruptions and fluctuations in sunshine, which were powerful influences on temperatures in past centuries, can account for only 25 percent of the warming since 1900. The rest of the warming was caused by human activity, particularly rising levels of carbon dioxide and other heat-trapping gases, according to the study's author, Texas A&M geologist Thomas J. Crowley. Crowley notes that "natural variability plays only a subsidiary role in the 20th century warming and that the most parsimonious explanation for most of the warming is that it is due to the anthropogenic increase in greenhouse gases" (GHGs). The study presents the most direct link to date between people and the 1.1 degree Fahrenheit rise in average global temperatures over the last 100 years.
Source: http://www.nrdc.org/globalwarming/science/default.asp

Note: You are required to have read all of the 3 references listed on your table and, in your own words (i.e. not copied from the abstract of a journal article or backcover of a book), write a summary for each reference that includes the author(s) main ideas and key findings. This is called an annotated bibliography it encourages you to read, reflect, and respond (as opposed to merely collecting information).

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