Zuihitsu- Random Notes about Judo by Ronald Dsormeaux

Judo-Ron 67- Judo culture neutralizing the bullies

You may have read or heard the word bullying being applied in many quarters in the past. There are current Canadian and Provincial draft legislatures that define bullying as: 1. An action causing or intending to cause physical or emotional harm, damaging anothers property or creating hostility. 2. A behavior that could cause fear, intimidation, humiliation, distress or other forms of harm to another persons body, feelings, self-esteem,, reputation or property. You may believe that within the micro-culture of our judo organization, the local dojo life cycle has been exempted. Yes, to a certain degree, but there may be behavioral elements that may be conducive to such intrusions. To a certain degree, our martial art culture has prevailed over the incursion of bad practices associated with bullying. Teaching the respect for others, towards different venues and including pride in ourselves have been part of the legation left by Jigoro Kano Shihan in 1882. It is reported in the work of Sensei Naoki Murata in 2005ithat Professor Kano wrote: While combat may have been the core of Jujutsu practice, it also had related goals of physical education and mental training. We have inherited more than a sport; judo is also a social discipline. We nevertheless have to remain vigilant in order to detect, resolve and educate both our teaching staff and students about the potential incursion of bullying practices. Aim: This article tries to suggest and highlights selected interventions to minimize the risks of a confrontation with potential bullying incidents.

Ukiyo-e of Sensei Taiso Yoshitoshi 1839-1892 (Water lady Oiko placing and armlock on Samurai Seaki)

Zuihitsu- Random Notes about Judo by Ronald Dsormeaux

Bullying may appear in different forms Within the current academics, sports and social milieus of our society, we are frequently hearing of people being confronted with bullying practices. (Pushed aside, ridiculed, isolated, assaulted for no good reason etc...). Such behaviors are often targeting selected persons or students who cannot adequately defend themselves due to a cultural or physical imbalance occurring in the distribution of the social power or ranking levels between individuals or groups. Forcing any kind of action upon someone who does not necessarily want to perform that action is also a form of bullying or dominance. If left unattended, certain verbal pressures or physical actions for dominance or control will often lead to social isolation and the development of particular forms of inferiority complex or social stigma. We always have to be careful how we express ourselves, how we interact with others and what kind of images we may project. Professor Kano incited us to pass the ancient martial arts values top new comers for the good of society. Even if we find the judo milieu to be flourishing, we have to realize that it is not totally exempt from such confrontational situations and their adaptations or modifications. Within the adaptation of our communal skills in the judo environment, we should endeavor to follow the recommendations of Professor Jigoro Kano; ii No matter what the situation, there is only one path that people must follow in every case; the only course is to consider to do what is the right thing and proceed in that direction Jin-Sei no koro wa tada itsu aru nomi (There is only one path in life) Let us take a few examples where potential forms of bullying may take hold within our judo milieu: 1. Pressure to participate and compete. Different levels of pressures may be exercised intentionally or not by some coaches or instructors in local dojo with regards to having judoka constantly win their matches in order be selected to be part of the regional, provincial or the national teams. As the total attention is oriented towards the winners, others are not given due considerations. The excessive requests or extreme demands to exhibit extra aggressive behavior, to attend all additional training sessions beyond the prescribed general training schedules which may be even complemented with the odd menaces towards the individuals of losing their place on the team should they forfeit. This kind of pressure and Spartan training schedule should not be imposed without the due consent of the players involved. We have to realize that judoka should be able to practice judo not for the exclusive purpose of competition. It is possible for everyone to excel in different facets of judo. It is important for all of us to be cognizant with the general rules and prescriptive types of training available for each selection. The demanding schedules of competitive judo and the commitments desired have to be well explained at the outset and the judoka must be informed of both the goals and the obligations being sought when one is seeking to be part of the Elite training team. The theory of My way or the highway is to be discarded from our local training vocabulary as it projects a feeling of insecurity by the other group of non-competitors who may think that they must follow the avant-garde team or be chastised for simply seeking recreational judo or a general conditioning activity.

Zuihitsu- Random Notes about Judo by Ronald Dsormeaux

Better approach suggested. Because Judo must be made accessible to all, there is a need to restructure our judo approach and review the class composition to permit more freedom to the judoka for their involvement with one or numerous of its facets and still be able to advance in grade with equal opportunity to excel. There is no need to copycat the performances of the strong competitors in order to advance or get the attention of the Sensei. (5% to 8% of the membership will make it to the National teams). Seeking the sublime in all what we do is a nobler objective that needs to be recognized. To develop such an approach requires proper times to undertake a review of who are our clients (age, skills levels, amount of expertise etc) and with whom we need to undertake and develop a worthwhile partnership. Our general objectives and approaches must be subject to an independent scrutiny and review in order to establish where we should best employ our resources to meet the various demands for new skills development in the selected components or special groups. (Shiai, kata, general fitness, etc.) 2. Dojo-Shu and Sensei attitudes. Although most people involved in the teaching and administration of a dojo try to do their best to teach the judo fundamentals and the preservation of the judo culture, there may be the odd occurrences where a slippage towards being known as the constant ultra dojo disciplinarian is predominating. In their quest to control classes formation and exercises routine, some teachers or administrators, by being too much centered on the task, may show signs of being ultraautocratic and demonstrate some forms of abusive power towards other junior ranks or exceed their acquired or delegated authority level. For whatever intents or reasons and by their apparent actions, some instructors discriminately reprimand and give punishments when high quality performance is not reached; give undue rewards for competitors good report cards; make indiscreet derogatory remarks; ignore the presence of some students while giving full attention to favorites who may potentially bring fame and glory to the dojo; they withhold grading to those who were not so fruitful or ignore them completely because they failed to comply with some dogmatic instructions scenarios. Better approach suggested. Let us remember that in judo, there are true principles and fundamentals based upon the Bushido moral code encouraging virtues of sincerity, respect, selfcontrol, politeness, honor, modesty, bravery and friendship. These qualities should guide teachers and students alike. The teaching of the ancients techniques has been preserved over many centuries by devoted persons and masters in their own discipline. The principles have withstood the influence of both time and culture. What did change in the course of the transmission of knowledge and savoir-faire are the different interpretations applied according to individual experience, aspiration, comprehension and conviction. The Gokyo has been modified several times; competition rules adapted to meet Olympic presentations, Kata displays were adjusted under modified international presentation rules etc... Although the principles have remained constant, their interpretations were subjected to changes. 3

Zuihitsu- Random Notes about Judo by Ronald Dsormeaux

Senseis particular skills requirements It goes without saying that all those involved in teaching or supervising the various judo activities must be able to understand the official judo curriculum and subject matters applicable to the various skills levels of the students and be able to appraise where the student should best fit within the dojo structure and organization. It is a primary task for the Sensei to be constantly aware of students needs, comportments, habits, special strengths and deficiencies. All those new members accepted at registration time should feel welcomed as they join their distinctive class. From the initial information received, the Sensei or dojoShu will be able to create the sub-grouping of the students to best deliver the appropriate technical programs. The latter should be based upon their particular needs and goals and be well planned, articulated and communicated at the onset of the season. The delivery of the technical program should follow its course within the habitual safety perimeters and be denuded of all discrimination due to age, gender, color, language, social status and religion. Through continuous education and learning programs the various instructors and administrators should strive to identify, interpret and integrate the different judo activities or facets and communicate the relevant information or techniques to the fitting levels of student groups. As such, they should be able to learn, understand, select and use different teaching strategies to motivate and to meet the students level of competence, interests and abilities. Sensei and instructors must entertain good two ways communication with students, colleagues, parents and interested sponsors. They should be able to periodically evaluate their students needs, progress levels and adjust their present lessons plans or programs. Within an open communication and freedom of dialogue, they should be receptive to comments, suggestions and complaints when they are expressed openly or in confidence. In dealing with potential bullying incidents, the Sensei must possess good judgment in reading behavioral situation or odd practices and stand ready to deal the aggressor, the victim and the group. They must do what is needed to limit the damages of the incidents and put in place the mechanism to return swiftly to the normal approach. As such, he or she must develop good rapports with the students, be stern with the culprit, maintain good communication, show compassion, maintain integrity and be concerned for the general benefit of all. In keeping with the tradition of fostering mutual benefits and prosperity, there must be a community of efforts within the dojo and within administrative organizations to support and impart the proper behavioral etiquette/culture and oversee the adherence to the founding principles of judo. It was often said that judo etiquette is one of the principal adhesive used to maintain the balance and harmony between all the judo facets that are found within the competitive milieu, the recreational dimensions and the educational activities. It has been proven many times over that with a sincere observance of good etiquette; judoka can embrace all facets of the art, confront and learn from difficult situations and be capable to excel by giving his or her utmost in all performances. The practices of showing due respect to others, to the dojo ambiance, to competitors and to self, are bound to foster friendships that will be long lasting. 4

Zuihitsu- Random Notes about Judo by Ronald Dsormeaux

Good etiquette practices set the tone for the encounter Practical experience has demonstrated that following good etiquette you can facilitate your progress because you are able to suppress negative influences such as: fear to confront and engage in risky situations, fear of losing against a superior judoka, showing bitterness towards others or keeping ill will between players. Good etiquette will ensure that you are respected for what you are and that you will not fall into disfavor with your instructors or training colleagues. Judo culture begins with your introduction to the art and will grow with you forever. Personal hygiene. The Mokuso or meditation period at the beginning of a class is used to clear the mind from all fears, prejudices, personal problems and external preoccupations. With an open mind, you can then begin to mix with your colleagues and engage into a valuable training period. With your judo practices, you will experience numerous forms of physical activities where you are at closed quarters with your partners. You should always pay attention to the cleanness and fit of your judo costume (too short or too long and soiled costume may bring ridicule). You must pay attention to your body odor as not to offend anyone nor call for ruthless comments from your peers. Let common sense be your guide. Wear proper footwear coming to or upon leaving the tatami. Should you have an external wound, make sure it is properly bandaged and that no blood is apparent. Should you be sick, have a cold or flu, avoid making contact with others. Unless engaged in competition circuit, avoid showing up for regular practices with a colored costume or flashy undergarments. Try not to become the exception and stay within the groups behavior. Bowing with respect Standing or kneeling bowing practices (Ritsu and Seiza- rei) are ancient customs of the Martial Arts and carried into judo etiquette as signs of respect to the local/ person and what they represent. They are not indicative of a degree of inferiority or submission but of politeness. We normally bow when entering the dojo, stepping on the tatami, when exiting the tatami and the dojo, to each other regardless of rank before and after a practice or a Shiai. We also have the courtesy of bowing to the teacher before and after a class. Showing respect with empty hands either to the side or before us is an indication of our openness, good will and sincerity. Selecting your training partner. When coached to find a partner to practice with, it is good etiquette to first seek out your UKE in the midst of your class formation. It is also quite permissible for the lower rank to request their equivalent to assist them with their tasks or when applicable, to seek the assistance of a more senior belt holder for the prospect to train together. In this latter case, it is understood that the senior belt will perform with due care and diligence towards the junior judoka. Similarly, the lower belt will take the necessary steps as not to challenge the senior with techniques or movements not yet mastered. Hence, both players will be able to profit from their mutual experience. 5

Zuihitsu- Random Notes about Judo by Ronald Dsormeaux

Performing Randori. Your early exploitations of judo techniques will come about during the Randori sessions. In this free practice, as you experiment with strategies and tactics, you should attempt to undertake several techniques with as many players as possible. The latter should be of different grade and size in order to develop your technical corpus. Everyone has a chance to demonstrate how to use the right opportunity and timing as they apply to a technique of choice. By focusing on the task and concentrating on the technical performance, you will note that all your attempts to perform soundly in the offensive as well as using defensive skills will help build your character. While throwing or being thrown, you should try to stay calm regardless of your results and project a peaceful attitude. Professor Kano recommendediii that: in so far as possible, you should accommodate your opponent and compete is such a way as to allow him to use his waza on you freely. If you do not win by using waza superior to those of your opponent or by turning his waza against him, this cannot be said to be a true victory. Particular attention to the matters is essential. After a match, you should take a pause to reflect upon what you have individually and mutually accomplished. Try to listen to comments from your partners and share your observations while seeking out together new ways to improve. Try to override your desire to constantly score the Ippon or showing off by always partnering with a weaker opponent. Such behavior can become offensive and abusive towards others. Do not show your anger because you made a mistake, is a defeatist attitude and dangerous to be spread around you. Likewise, there is no room for demonstrating an inflated ego as a result of your facilities to master your training partner. Seek out a stronger and wiser opponent for your next round so that you learn to cope with difficulties. By your gracious attitude and for congratulating the companion for the good workout, you will surely gain the additional respect for the partners. In this kind of exercise, there is neither a winner nor champion, only players who try to do their utmost and seek gradual improvements in their mental preparation and in the management of their energy. Comfort zone for lower ranked judoka. Considering that newcomers to the dojo have to address many kinds of anxieties, it is very rewarding for them to be able to receive proper attention and positive feedback from senior members of the dojo. Try to make yourself available and be sincere with your comments. Such a rapport will reinforce their confidence, camaraderie and trust. Once they are convinced that they can participate freely and without prejudice, they will not fear to discuss problems and express their opinions while they devote their time to make substantial improvements in their techniques. A good tactics to employ against bullying is to resist the temptation to continuously prove your seniority, your superiority and your special status over others. By so doing you will soon become a good role model.

Zuihitsu- Random Notes about Judo by Ronald Dsormeaux

Care and safety in mind When practicing Tachi waza (standing) or Katame waza (ground work) you should take care to protect the partner from injuries. In the heat of the action there might be occasions where insufficient consideration is applied towards the Uke, protect the falls and be alert to the pain that may be caused as a result of arm locks or strangulations. You have an obligation to perform your techniques with flexible action of mind and physique. Excessive use of Force against Force is to be avoided .You must provide the partner with the opportunity to break the fall or to express his or her surrendering. These elements of good judo judgment will soon develop into a habitual behavior that, in turn, leads to a friendlier training environment denuded of any kind of discrimination or bullying. Maximum Efficiency and Mutual Benefit I will repeat a thousand times, we have to remember and practice the fundamental principles of judo which are the intelligent use of energy for mutual benefit and prosperity. The first defines the kind of excellence we should seek with our technical abilities and refrain from using brute or excessive force. Natural speed, positive use of energy and skillful techniques are part of the judo corpus which can be followed by all. The application of the judo culture /etiquette ensures that all can practice in relative safety and remain free to excel in the chosen facet. The judoka who does not take the mutual benefit maxim seriously and continues to show arrogance towards others is an indication of his or her ignorance of the principles and will soon discover that egocentric performances does not brand the judoka as a highly valued member of his dojo nor of his organization. Soon or later such individuals will become a serious handicap for others. Seeking mutual benefit is the right path to discourage arrogance, encourage confidence, politeness, and respect the fundamental protection against bullying. Let us terminate this expos with the words of Jigoro Kano when he said: Because they find their own paths, those who practice judo and who follow the principle of Seiryoku Zenyo, always have a calm spirit, enjoy life and are enterprising.iv Enjoy you judo session. Ronald Dsormeaux, Judo teacher Hart House Dojo, University of Toronto April 2013
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Jigoro Kano, Mind over Muscle, writings from the founder of judo, Kodansha, Tokyo, 2005, page 17 Idem, page 85 iii Idem page 133 iv Idem, page 86
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