IT & G

Vikas Bajpai

Cloud Computing

Cloud Computing:
Moving computing and data away from the desktop and portable PC and simply displaying the results of computing that takes place in a centralized location and is then transmitted via internet to user's screen.
John Markoff (NY Times Blog)

Cloud Computing:
It is paradigm in which information is permanently stored in servers on the internet and cached temporarily on clients that include desktops, entertainment centres, table computers, notebooks, wall computers, handhelds, etc. Carl Hewitt, IEEE, 2008

Origin of the Computing

term

Cloud

Comes from the early days of the Internet where we drew the network as a cloud we didnt care where the messages went the cloud hid it from us Kevin Marks, Google. First cloud around networking (TCP/IP abstraction). Second cloud around documents (WWW data abstraction). The emerging cloud combines the infrastructure complexities of servers, applications, data, and heterogeneous platforms.

Summarized History:
1960 John McCarthy opined that "computation may someday be organized as a public utility" Early 1990s The term cloud comes into commercial use referring to large networks and the advancement of the Internet. 1999 Salesforce.com is established, providing an on demand SaaS (Software as a Service). 2001 IBM details the SaaS concept in their Autonomic Computing Manifesto 2005 Amazon provides access to their excess capacity on a utility computing and storage basis 2007 Google, IBM, various Universities embark on a large scale cloud computing research project 2008 Gartner says cloud computing will shape the relationship among consumers of IT services, those who use IT services and those who sell them

5 Essential Cloud Characteristics by NIST:

On-demand self-service Broad network access (Internet) Resource pooling

Location independence Rapid elasticity Measured service

Some Commercial Cloud Facility Offerings

Source: Internet

Motivating and driving factors:

Trend towards utility computing
Rent Vs own
An SME doesnt want to own IT infrastructure for running a web shop

Advancements in technologies
Multi-core CPUs, GPGPUs, fast storage and networks etc. Virtualization
Offers software abstraction of hardware

Motivating and driving factors:

Economies of Scale
Cloud providers buy H/W at cheaper prices than individual businesses Cloud providers can offer better availability, reliability etc of the infrastructure

Need of on-demand provisioning of servers on cloud.

Allows easy scaling up and down

Motivating and driving factors:

Need for concentrating on ones business
Developers focus on building applications Underlying infrastructure taken care by someone
else

Pricing and Subscription

Need for flexible pricing (Pay as you go) Lowering the entry cost

Some Cloud Applications:

Google Apps
Gmail, Calendar, Sites etc.

VMWare CloudFoundry
Focus on Your App, Not Plumbing Offers a range of application development frameworks

Some Cloud Providers:

Commercial
Amazon EC2 (Computing), S3 (Storage) Microsoft Azure (Computing and Storage) Google (Storage) Saleforce, IBM, Yahoo etc etc AppEngine (Computing), Big Table

Some Cloud Providers:

Open Source
OpenNebula Nimbus
Eucalyptus OpenStack CloudStack AppScale

Classification of Cloud Variants:

1. Service Model Based 2. Deployment Model Based

1. Service Model Based

Depends on the cloud services being offered
Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)
AWS EC2

Platform as a Service (PaaS)

Google App Engine

Software as a Service (SaaS)

Salesforce.com

Vendors and their Services:

Source: Internet

2. Deployment Model Based

Depends upon how a cloud is setup/deployed
Private: Operated by and for an individual entity Public: Available to general public connected together Hybrid: Private and public connected together Community: Setup by and for a group having shared goals

Logical View of Cloud Computing:

Applications Data

Applications Data

Applications Data

Applications Data

Runtime
Middleware

Runtime
Middleware

Runtime
Middleware

Runtime
Middleware

OS
Virtualization

OS
Virtualization

OS
Virtualization

OS
Virtualization

Servers
Storage Networking
Packaged Software

Servers
Storage Networking
IaaS

Servers
Storage Networking
PaaS

Servers
Storage Networking
SaaS

Logical View of Cloud Computing:

Various Stakeholders Computing:

in

Cloud

References:
1. http://csrc.nist.gov/publications/nistpubs/80 0-145/SP800-145.pdf