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PersonalityType
ThefollowingdescriptionofpersonalitytypewasmadefamousbyIsabelMyersand KatherineMyersBriggs.TheirworkwasbasedoriginallyonthatofCarlJung,the Germanpsychoanalyst.TheMBTI(MyersBriggsTypeIndicator)isoneofthemost widelyusedpsychologicaltests. ThereareseveralsitesontheInternetthatwillletyoudoasimilartest.Theactual MBTIinstrumentbelongstotheAmericanPsychologicalSociety. MyersBriggsuses4dimensionsofpersonality: ExtraversionvsIntroversion SensingvsIntuition ThinkingvsFeeling JudgingvsPerceiving

Thesearedescribedinmoredetailinthenextseveralpages,followedbyadetailed descriptionofeachofthe16types.Usethesedescriptionstobetterunderstand bothyourselfandyourfellowgroupmembers(andfamilymembers,friends,etc). Asyougainexperience,youcanplayGuesstheirtypegameswithyourselfwhen youmeetnewpeople. Therearemanyotherdescriptionsofpersonality.Youwillfindmoreinformationat placeslikehttp://www.queendom.com,http://www.personalitytype.com/, http://www.personalitypage.com/.

Contents
PersonalityType........................................................................................................... 1 Extraverting(E)andIntroverting(I).........................................................................2 Sensing(S)andIntuition(N).................................................................................... 6 Thinking(T)andFeeling(F).................................................................................... 10 Judging(J)andPerceiving(P).................................................................................14 Whattypeareyou?................................................................................................ 19

Extraverting(E)andIntroverting(I)
Theenergisingpreferences:wherewegetourenergy
ThefollowinglistofpairedwordssummarisesthekeycharacteristicsofExtraverts andIntroverts.

Whichlistdescribesyoubest?

Extraverts
seekinteraction enjoygroups communicatebytalking outgoingandsociable likevarietyandaction involvedwithpeople learnbydoingordiscussing dothinkdo expenditureofenergy enjoyawidecircleoffriends

Introverts
liketobealone enjoyoneonone communicatebywriting reservedandprivate liketofocusononethingatatime workwithideas learnbyreflectionandthinking thinkdothink conservationofenergies enjoyasmallcircleoffriends

Extraverts
Indailylife,youprobably:

Enjoybeingwithpeople.Youhave awidecircleoffriendsandliketo includemanypeopleinyour activities. Areoutgoing,enthusiasticandfind iteasytotalktoanyone. Liketobewheretheactionis, takingnoteofwhatisgoingon aroundyou.Youcanoftendo severalthingsatonce. Thinkbyspeaking,andoftendon'tknowwhatyouwillsayuntilyouhavesaid it.Indeed,youcanbecomeboredwhenyoucan'tparticipateina conversation. Wanttoexperiencetheworldinordertounderstandit. Getrejuvenatedbybeingwithpeopleandfeeldrainedwhenyou'realone. Youliketobounceyourideasoffothers. Needlotsofaffirmationaboutwhatyoudoandhowyoulook. Findlisteningdifficult.

Asalearner,youprobably:

Preferalearningenvironmentfilledwith movement,action,andtalk. Prefertolearnfactsortheoriesthat connectwithyourexperience,andyouwill usuallycometoamorethorough understandingofthesefactsortheories duringgroupdiscussionsorwhenworking oncooperativeprojects. Tendtoleapintoassignmentswithlittle forethought,relyingontrialanderrorratherthananticipationtosolve problems. Havedifficultyconcentratingonreadingforlongstretchesoftime.Youoften understandandretaininformationbetterifyouprocessitorally.

GettingalongwithExtraverts:

Get off the phone ! You've been on there for three hours

Appreciatetheirabilitytoinitiate conversationsandactivities. Allowthemtotalksotheycan clarifytheirideas. Understandthattheyneedtobe withotherfriendsbesidesyou. Gooutanddothingswiththem. Shareyourideaswiththem. Givethemplentyof acknowledgement. Letthemknowthatyouhave heardwhattheyhavesaid.

IfyouareanExtravert,rememberto:

Trytoexpressyourthoughtsand feelingsinwritingratherthantalking. Becomeawareofhowothersare reactingtoyourtalking.Theymaybe bored. Don'tspendtoolongaloneifyouare highlyExtraverted. Taketimetothinkthingsthroughbefore takingaction.Allowotherstimetothink thingsthrough. Discoveractivitiesyoucanenjoybyyourself. blah Blah blah

Introverts
Indailylife,youprobably:

Liketorehearsethingsbeforesayingthem,andneed privacyandquiettimealoneforconcentration. Liketofocusyourattentioninwardlyonyourideas, impressionsandthoughts. Wanttounderstandtheworldbeforeyouexperienceit. Aresometimescalledshy.Peopleoftenseeyoudifficult togettoknow,asyouarereservedandprivate. Haveasmallnumberofspecialfriends. Needtorechargeyourbatteriesbyspendingtimealoneasinteractingtoo muchwithotherscanleaveyoufeelingdrained. Worriedyourparentsbecausetheythoughtyouwerespendingtoomuch timealone.

Asalearner,youprobably:

Willtalk(orwrite)morewhentheyarenotforcedtoshareyourideas.

Tendtobequietandlessactiveintheclassroom. Feelpressuredintotakingpartingroup discussions.Suchpressure,however,willoften onlyincreaseyourwithdrawal. Needtothinkinrelativesolitude. Don'tliketothink'onyourfeet".Youaremore willingtoshareyourideaswhengivenadvance notice.

Respondtoteacherswhoacknowledgethatyou havemoretosay(orwrite)thanyouhaveoffered.

Althoughyoumaybeabletoconcentrateforlongerstretchesoftime,you mayloseconcentrationsometimesbecauseyoubegintocontemplatewhat youreadandbecomelostinadaydream.

GettingalongwithIntroverts:

Givethemtimetothinkandrespond. Respecttheirneedforprivacyandtimealone. Trynottobombardthemwithtoomanywords. Donotpressurethemto'party'. Spend'quiet'timewiththem.

IfyouareanIntrovert,rememberto:

Allowyourselftimeforprivacyandsolitude. Learntotaketheinitiativesometimesandaskyourfriendstojoinyouin activities. Rememberthatyouropinionsandcontributionsareimportant.Learnto speakupingroups. Atanyeventwheretherearealotofpeople,trytohaveatleastoneclose friendathandforsupport.

I wonder what she's thinking She always wants to be alone They are always so noisy

Can't they think to themselves?

WhatExtravertsfind annoyingabout Introverts

WhatIntrovertsfind annoyingabout Extraverts

Whatisyourpreference? Extraverting(E)Introverting(I)

Sensing(S)andIntuition(N)
Theinformationgatheringpreferences: howweperceivetheworld
Whenyouareperceivingyouaregatheringinformation,noticing,observingthe worldorpayingattention.Theoppositepreferencesofgatheringinformation (sensingorintuition)indicatethekindsofinformationyoutendtonoticehowyou takeininformationandhowyougiveinformationtoothers.Sensorsgather informationinaconcretewayusingtheirfivesenses,whileabstractlearnersgather informationinanabstractwaythroughasixthsense. SensorsandIntuitivesseetheworldinverydifferentways.Communicationcanbe difficultbecausetheyoftenfailtoseeeachother'sperspectivesandeachbelieves thathisorherinformationismorevalid. ThefollowinglistofpairedwordssummarisesthekeycharacteristicsofSensorsand Intuitives.

Whichlistdescribesyoubest? Sensors
focusonwhatisrealandactual preferfactsandconcrete payattentiontodetails observeandremembersequentially aredowntoearth learnstepbystep focusonthepresent relyonpastexperience preferthingsastheyare valuepracticalapplications

Intuitives
focusonpossibilities preferabstractinsights focusonthebigpicture seepatternsandmeaning havetheirheadintheclouds learnbyleapinginanywhere focusonthefuture relyoninspirationandimagination prefertotrynewthings valueingenuity

Do you have a bird's eye view or a worm's eye view?

Sensors
Indailylife,youprobably:

Prefertotakeininformationthroughyour eyes,earsandothersensestofindout whatisactuallyhappening. Focusonfactsandrelyonwhatcanbe measuredordocumented. Liketodothingsthatarepracticalandcan yieldsometangibleresults. Trustyourpastexperiencesandpreferestablishedwaysofdoingthings. Prefertodescribethingsliterally.Youlikespecificanswerstospecific questions.Forexample,whenyouask,"whattimeareweleaving?"you prefer"atthreefifteen"ratherthan,"sometimethisafternoon".

Asalearner,youprobably:
What exactly do I need to learn for the exam?

Tendtofocusonimmediaterealityandlikereal lifeexamples,andlearningaboutrealpeopleand things. Learnbestwhentheymovefromtheconcreteto thetheoreticalinastepbystepprogression. Valueknowledgethatispracticalandwanttobe preciseandaccurateinyourwork. Tendtoexcelatmemorisingfacts. Respondwelltocomplimentsaboutaccurate, thorough,reliable,andprecisework.

Feelmorecomfortablewhenyouknowexactly whatisexpectedofyou.Youpreferexplicit,detailedandspecificdirections.

GettingalongwithSensors:

Whencommunicatingwiththembeexplicit.Sticktothefactsanduse concreteexamples. Givestepbystepinstructionswhenexplaininghowtodosomething. Whencommunicatingtheoreticalideas,remembertostressthepractical application.RememberthatSensorshavelittleneedtofindunderlying meaningaboutthings. Appreciatetheirdowntoearthness. Valuetheirrealisticandpracticalperspective.

IfyouareaSensor,rememberto:

Learntoplaywithyourimagination. WhendealingwithIntuitives,avoidarguingaboutspecificdetails. Trynottoruleoutideasthatdonotseemimmediatelypractical. Thinkaboutthemeaningsbehindthings. Giveyourselftimetoseebeyondtheobvious.Learntoimaginenew possibilitieswhenforhandlingsituations. Dothingsinnewanddifferentways.

Intuitives
Indailylife,youprobably:

Tendtothinkofseveralthingsatonce. Liketotrylotsof'new'things. Lookforconnectionsandrelationshipsbehind mostthings.Youarealwaysasking,"What doesthismean?" Readtheendingsofabookfirst. Readtheinstructionmanualonlywhenyou getstuck. Liketofantasiseaboutallthethingsthatyouwilldooneday.

Asalearner,youprobably:

Tendtolookatthebigpicturetogetanoverallimpressionofwhatis happeningandoftenleaptoaconceptualunderstandingofmaterial. Daydreamduringclassesthatarepredominantlyaboutgivingfactual information. Valuequickflashesofinsightbutareoftencarelessaboutdetails. Tendtoexcelatimaginativetasksandtheoreticaltopics. LovesentencesthatbeginwithWhatif...?.Youvaluebeinginnovative, original,andtheoretical. Tendtowritebestwhengivengeneraldirections thatallowyourimaginationtowork.Developing anuniqueapproachtothetopicisanimportant partofyourlearning.

GettingalongwithIntuitives:

Appreciatetheiroriginalideasandtheirabilityto becreativelynovel.Allowthemtoexplorenew possibilities.

Understandthattheyliketodo'old'thingsin'new'ways. Don'tburdenthemwithtoomanyfactsanddetails. Don'talwaysquestionthemabouthoworwhythey'know'something.Trust thattheysometimesjust'know'.

IfyouareanIntuitive,rememberto:

Trytoturnsomeofyour"onedayI'mgoingto"possibilitiesinto"thisis whatI'veactuallydone"realities. Findawaytohelpyoumemorisefacts. Whendoingprojectsoressays,drawaconceptmapbeforeyoubegin.You canthenfocusoneachpoint,spendingtimetofillinthedetails. Trytofocusyourattentiononphysicalreality.

Aprobleminperception...
Sensor: Intuitive: Sensor: (a little annoyed) Intuitive: Sensor: (more annoyed) Intuitive: (very impatiently) Sensor: (angrily) When are we leaving? Soon. Yes, but when are we leaving? In a little while. Listen! WHEN are we leaving? Don't you understand? SOON! Can't you answer a simple question! All I want is a simple answer. At what time are we leaving? At three-fifteen or at three-twenty? What difference does it make? You get so picky. Three o'clock, four o'clock - it's all the SAME!

Intuitive: (also angrily)

Whatisyourpreference? Sensing(S)Intuition(N)

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Thinking(T)andFeeling(F)
Thedecisionmakingpreferences: howweevaluateinformation
Onceyouhavegatheredinformationyouneedtoprioritiseit,organiseit,putitinto categoriesandarriveatdecisions.Somepeopleprefertomakedecisions objectivelywhileothersprefersubjectivedecisionmaking.Bothwaysarerational processesthatcanresultinequallygooddecisions,buttheyrelyondifferent standards. ThefollowinglistofpairedwordssummarisesthekeycharacteristicsofThinkers andFeelers.

Whichlistdescribesyoubest?

Thinkers
prefertoanalysetheproblem areobjective aretoughminded valuejustice arereasonableandfair usecauseandeffectreasoning aregoodatcritiquing prefertobedirect usuallydon'ttakethingspersonally canbeseenasinsensitive

Feelers
prefertosympathisewiththeproblem aresubjective aretenderhearted valueharmony arecompassionateandaccepting areguidedbypersonalvalues aregoodatcomplimenting prefertobetactful usuallytakethingspersonally canbeseenasoveremotional

Oh, I just LOVE it! I'll look great. I can afford it. It is good quality, it will be easy to care for

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Thinkers
Indailylife,youprobably:

Tendtostaycool,calmandcollectedinsituations whenothersareupset. Thinkit'smoreimportanttobefairandtruthful ratherthenbeingliked. Tendtotellpeopleifyouthinkifyoudisagreewith them,ratherthansamenothingjustsothattheywon'tgetupset. Makedecisionsbasedonlogic.Youliketoweightupallinformation objectively. Remembernumbersandfiguresmorereadilythanfacesandnames. Maybeseenasoverlybluntanduncaring.Youconsidertruthfulnesstobe moreimportanttantact.

Asalearner,youprobably:

The most logical way to organise this is

Valuecompetenceinyourselfandothers. Aregoalandtaskoriented. Prefertopicsthathelpyoutounderstand systemsorcauseandeffectrelationships. Aremostmotivatedwhenprovidedwitha logicalrationaleforeachtaskandwhen teachersacknowledgeandrespectyour competence. Prefercriticismthatistothepointrather thancriticismthatissoftenedorindirect. Tendtoselecttopicsthatcanbeexplored withemotionaldistanceratherthanself involvement.

Tendtofocusoncontentandliketofollowastructuresuchasanoutline.

GettingalongwithThinkers:

Askthemwhattheythinkratherthanwhattheyfeel. Trynottobecomedefensiveorreactivewhentheyexpresstheircriticisms aboutsituations.Appreciatetheirabilitytoanalyse. Appreciatetheirabilitytoremaincalm.Valuetheirabilitytobefairand truthful. Expressyourdisagreementswithoutbeingconcernedthatyoumaybeseen asunkindorwantingtostartanargument.Thinkerswillrespectyoufor havingandholdingyouropinion.

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IfyouareaThinker,rememberto:

Considerwhatimpactyourfeedbackmayhaveonothers.Forexample,"Ican seeyourpointofview,buthaveyouconsidered"ratherthan"You're wrong!" Becarefulwhengivingwhatyouconsider'constructive'criticism.Even thoughyoumaythinkyouarehelping,othersmayexperienceyouas constantlytryingtocorrectthem. Learntobemoregenerouswithacknowledgement,encouragementand appreciation. Learntosay"I'msorry"and"You'reright".Allowyourselftolosean argumentsometimes.

Feelers
Indailylife,youprobably:

Preferharmonyoverclarity.Youfinditdifficulttodisagree withpeopleandavoidsituationsthatmayleadtoconflict. Takecriticismverypersonally,andaresometimesaccused ofbeingtoosensitive. Liketobeappreciatedandapprovedof.Youmaytrytoo hardtopleaseothers.

Alwaystrytoseetheotherperson'spointofview.Youqreempathicand compassionate Viewtactasmoreimportantthantruthfulness..

Asalearner,youprobably:

I just LOVE this subject.

Youperformbestinaclimateofaffirmation andacceptance. Youliketofeelthattheteachervaluesyou asanindividual. Enjoythehumanangleofasubject.You prefertopicsyoucancareabout;youoften complainabouttopicsthataredryor boring. Youprefertochatinformallybeforegetting downtowork.Youlikeharmonyinthe classroom. Valueworkingingroupswhereyoucan cooperateandcollaboratewithother students.

Drawuponpersonalexperiencewhenyouengagingwithasubject.For example,youoftenincludepersonalexamplesinyouressays.

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GettingalongwithFeelers:

Letthemknowhowmuchyouappreciatethem. Acknowledgetheirwarmth,understandingandcompassion. Whengivingfeedback,focusonthepositiveaspectsbeforelaunchinginto pointsofdisagreement. Don'tusesarcasm. Shareyourfeelingswiththem

IfyouareaFeeler,rememberto:

Learntosay"No"occasionally. Learntospeakupforyourselfifyoufeelyouarebeingtreatedunfairlyor beingtakenadvantageof. Learntonegotiate,setlimitsandbedirect. Practicebeingobjective.Don'ttakecriticismsopersonally.

I like to be competent. I want my work to be accurate and correct.

I like to feel good about my work. I want the teacher to appreciate me, not just to tell me whether it's right or

AThinker

AFeeler

Whatisyourpreference? Thinking(T)Feeling(F)

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Judging(J)andPerceiving(P)
Thelifestylepreferences:dowecontroloradapt?
Yourlifestylepreferenceindicateswhetheryoustriveforpredictabilityandorderor whetheryouaremorecomfortablewithflexibilityandspontaneitytocontrolorto adapt?Judgersliketheirlivestobeplannedandorderly,whilePerceiversliketheir worldtobeopenandflexible. ThefollowinglistofpairedwordssummarisesthekeycharacteristicsofThinkers andFeelers.

Whichlistdescribesyoubest?

Judgers
valuestructure tendtoworknow/playlater likethingssettledanddecided preferthingstobeorganised makelistsandusethem valuepunctuality prefertohavedeadlines liketocompleteprojects aregoaloriented valueorder liketofollowtimetables

Perceivers
areeasygoing tendtoplaynow/worklater liketobespontaneous preferthingstoremainopenended makelistsandlosethem leavethingtothelastminute oftenask"whatdeadline?" liketostartprojects areprocessoriented valueflexibility enjoylastminutepressures

You said you'd be here at 4.30. Next time I won't wait for you.

Yeah, yeah I know. But Chris rang, and then I missed the bus, and then I met Sam

AJudger

APerceiver

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Judgers
Indailylife,youprobably:

Liketohavethingssettledanddecided. Finditdifficulttoconcentrateiftheenvironmentis disorganisedormessy. Liketomake'todo'listandenjoycheckedoff completedtasks. Liketohaveaplaceforeverythingandeverythingin itsplace. Prefertodevelopaplanandschedulefortasksthat needtobedone. Needtofinishyourworkbeforeyoucangoandhave fun.

Let me just check my list

Arealwaysontime,andcan'tunderstandwhythisisnotimportanttoothers.

Asalearner,youprobably:

As soon as I finish this, I'll do the maths and then I'll begin planning my structures project.

Completeprojectsalittleaheadoftime toavoidlastminutestressesand pressure. Liketohavedefinedlimitsandrulesin theclassroom. Youprefermorestructuredlearning environmentsthatestablishdefinite goalsforyoutomeet Tendtogaugeyourlearningbythe completionoftasks:readingx amountofbooks,writingyamountof essays,orfinishingZamountof projects. Tendtolimityourtopicsquicklyandset goalsthataremanageable.Youvalue beingdecisive.

Areparticularlyconcernedaboutthe passageoftime,andusuallyrespondwelltocomplimentsabouthow efficient,expedient,orpunctualyouare.

Tendtoviewyourwork,onceitissubmitted,asfinished,andprefertohear commentsabouthowyoucanimprovethenextpieceofworkratherthan abouthowtoimprovethispieceofwork.

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GettingalongwithJudgers:

Respecttheirneedtoknow'theplan'.Trytoagreetosometimeframeor schedule. Showyourrespectbyhonouringyourcommitmenttoanyplansyouhave madetogether. Beawareoftheirneedfororder.Theyarelikelytoseeyour'creativechaos' asadisorganisedmess. Appreciatetheirabilitytobeefficientandorganised.

IfyouareaJudger,rememberto:

Rememberthatit'sOKtochangeyourmind. Developpatiencewithpeoplewhodon'thaveyourneedfororder. Bepreparedtoreviewyourdecisionsinlightofnewinformation.Aplanyou madeyesterdaymaynotberelevanttoday. Occasionallydosomethingsthatareunplanned.

Perceivers
Indailylife,youprobably:

Should I wear the blue or the red? Or what about that new dress? Then again, maybe just jeans? Decisions, decisions! Oh! I don't know!

Areeasygoing,andadaptable.Youare abletoeffortlesslyadapttolastminute changes.Youenjoytheunexpected. Areflexibleandcurious,andresistlimits, orderandstructure.Youdon'tenjoy tasksthatcan'tbeturnedintoplay. Getdistractedeasilyandhavedifficulty focusingononethingatatime.Others oftenaccuseyouofbeingunfocused. Liketostartnewprojects.Youusually beginanewprojectbeforefinishingthe currentone.Infact,youenjoydoing severalprojectsatonce. Haveagreatburstofenergyasany deadlineapproaches.Youusuallyget thingsfinishedontime,althoughyou driveeveryoneelsemadintheprocess. Liketoleaveyouroptionsopen.You oftendon'tplantasksoreventsandwait toseewhat'srequired.

Havea'messy'roomordesk.Creativity andspontaneityismoreimportanttoyouthanneatnessandorder.

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Asalearner,youprobably:

Oh, I know its

here somewhere. I should have handed this i d

Waituntilthelastmomentbefore startinganassignment,andhave noconceptoftime. Startmanyprojectsandhave difficultyfinishingthem.Youhave aninsatiablecuriosity. Areusuallymostconcernedabout beingthoroughandexploringall theoptions,soyoutendtoview yourworkasongoing. Youpreferopenandspontaneous learningenvironmentsandfeel imprisonedinahighlystructured classroom. Tendtoselectbroadsubjectsand diveintoexploringthemwithout

limitations.

Enjoygatheringinformationmorethandecidingwhattodowithit.Youoften feelthatthereisalwaysonemorebooktoread. Rambleinyourwriting,becauseyouwanttoincludeeveryideaandpieceof data.

GettingalongwithPerceivers:

Appreciatetheirflexibilityandadaptability. Bepreparedtoletthemtochangetheirmindatthelastminute. Whenadecisionisrequiredallowtimetodiscussoptions.Helpthemtobe clearabout,andeliminatetheoptionstheydon'twant. Beclearaboutwhatitisthatisreallyimportantforthemtofollowthrough on. Trynottoimposerigidschedulesorcommitmentonthem.

IfyouareaPerceiver,rememberto:

Keepyourpromisesandcommitments.Thinkabouttheeffectonothersof alwaysturninguplateorcancelingatthelastminute. Makeashortlisteachdayofthethingsyoumustdostudy,chores,practice. Trytocompleteatleastonethingonthelistdaily. Learntoloveyourabilitytobespontaneous. Makesometimeeachweektohaveageneral'tidyup'ofyourroom,desk, notes Reflectonyourvaluesandopinions.Whatisreallyimportanttoyou?

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Whatisyourpreference? Judging(J)Perceiving(P)

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Whattypeareyou?

ISTJ ISTP ESTP ESTJ

ISFJ ISFP ESFP ESFJ

INFJ INFP ENFP ENFJ

INTJ INTP ENTP ENTJ

Activity

Whatisyourlearningstyle,andthoseoftheothermembersofyour group? VisitsomeofthemanyWebsitesonthissubject.Hereisonetogetyou started: http://www.personalitypage.com/highlevel.html

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ISTJ Doingwhatshouldbedone
Indailylife,youprobably:

Haveagreatmemoryforfactsandfigures,and youvaluethoroughnessandaccuracy. Areextremelyresponsible.Yourwordisyour bond. Areverydependable,reliableandsteadfast. Haveadrysenseofhumour. Areaveryloyalfriend. Aremodest,unassuminganddowntoearth Areextremelypracticalandpragmatic. Valuetraditionsandestablishedwaysofdoingthings.

Rules

Expectyourselfandotherstobepunctual,fastidiousandorderly.Youdislike apathy,idlenessanddisorganisation.

Asalearner,youprobably:

Preferawellstructured,orderlylearningenvironmentwhereyoucanwork towardsacleargoal. Arelessinterestedinabstracttheoriesthaninpracticalfacts. Valueknowledgethathasapracticalapplication.Youhaveastrongneedfor evidenceorproofwhenlearningnewfacts. Aregoodatfocusingandconcentrating.Youliketoworkaloneanddislike distractionsanddisruptions. Learninastepbystepfashion.Youlike opportunitiesforplanningandpractice. Areunlikelytoexploreuntriedideasor methods.Youlikeclearguidelinesandto knowwhatisexpectedofyou. Tendtothinkbeforeacting.Youliketo prepareinadvanceanddislikesituations whereyouhaveto'thinkonyourfeet'or wherethereisambiguityanduncertainty. Dislikebeingobligedtoparticipatein situationswithastrongemotionalor interpersonalcontent.
God, help me to begin

relaxing
about little details. How about

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ISTPReadytotryanythingonce
Indailylife,youprobably:

Areindependent,individualisticandadventurous. Youresistconfiningenvironments. Tendtoremaincalminacrisis.Youarecooland dispassionate. Areaquiet,curiousonlooker.Youprefertostand backandobservewhatisgoingonaroundyou. Arefocusedonthetangiblerealityaroundyou. Arehighlyskilledwithyourhands. Retainagreatamountofdetailandfactsinareas thatinterestyou. Thriveonvarietyandnovelty,andenjoythechallengeofsolvingnew, concreteandextensiveproblems.

Asalearner,youprobably:

Likeproblemstosolveandcanbecometotallyengrossedinasubject. Arelessinterestedintheoriesthaninpracticalfacts. Prefertolearnbyexperimentation,demonstrationandpracticalexperience. Prefertolearnthingsthathaveanimmediaterelevanceorpracticalbenefit. Tendtodislikeambiguityandlisteningtounnecessarydetails. Enjoyhavingimmediateopportunitiestoimplementwhatyouhavelearned. Preferpracticeandclearguidelinesonhowtodosomething. Tendtothinkthingsthroughortoassimilateinformationbefore commenting. Prefertogenerateideaswithoutconstraintsortoomuchstructure. Havedifficultyinorganisingyourlearningandyoumayneedcleardirections.

God, help me to consider people's feelings even if most of them

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ESTPTheultimaterealist Indailylife,youprobably:

Areconfident,gregarious,excitingand optimistic. Enjoybeingwithpeoplewhoshareyour interestsandsenseoffunandadventure. Haveacharming,infectiousmanner,but canalsobestraightforward,assertiveand blunt. Haveboundlessenergyandarealwayson thego. Areextremelygenerousandhaveawideanddiversegroupoffriends. Thriveoncrisisandchaos,andenjoycompetition. Oftenhavemanyprojectsgoingonatonce,andarealwaysonthelookout fornewadventureorexperience.

Asalearner,youprobably:

Areresourceful,pragmatic,realisticandveryresultsoriented. Haveacapacityforabsorbingandrememberinglotsoffacts. Finditdifficultsittingstillforlongperiodsoftime.Youliketobekeptactive. Prefertobeinvolvedwithotherstudents,forexample,discussingideas, solvingproblemsaspartofateam. Preferalearningenvironmentthatcontainsexcitement,dramaandarange ofactivitiestotackle. Uselogicindealingwithconcreteproblems. Yougettothebottomofthingsquickly. Liketobeinthelimelight.Youareintense andseekrecognitionandsuccess. Likethepressureoffinishingassignmentsat thelastmoment. Liketohavepracticeandclearguidelineson howtodosomething. Havedifficultywhenrequiredtoworkon yourownforlongperiods.
God, help me to take

responsibility
for my own actions, even

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ESTJLife'sadministrator
Indailylife,youprobably:

Liketobeincharge.Yourelishhaving responsibilities. Aredirect,honest,straightforward,andoften blunt. Expectyourselfandotherstodemonstrate competency,effort,andfollowthrough. Aregoodatseeingwhatisillogical, inconsistent,impracticalorinefficient. Likeastable,predictableenvironment,butone thathasavarietyofpeople. Canbeentertainingandfun,butonlyafteryourworkisdone. Tendtobeimpatientwiththosewhodon'tfollowtherulesorpayattention toimportantdetails.

Asalearner,youprobably:

Preferfactualinformationtotheoryandabstraction. Preferawellstructured,orderlylearningenvironmentwhereyoucanwork towardsacleargoal.Youlikeopportunitiesforplanningandpractice. Valueknowledgethathasapracticalapplication.Youhaveastrongneedfor evidenceorproofwhenlearningnewfacts. Prefertobeinvolvedwithotherstudents,forexample,discussingideas, solvingproblemsaspartofateam. Aremotivatedbypersonalachievement.Youliketobeinthelimelight. Uselogicindealingwithconcreteproblems. Youliketoanalyseinformation. Preferprovenmethodsandproceduresanddo allyourassignmentsaheadoftime. Needtoreflectonandsummarisewhatyou havelearned.
try to God, help me to not

run

everything.

But, if YOU

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ISFJ AHighsenseofduty
Indailylife,youprobably:

Arekind,considerate,andsensitivetoothers. Youvalueloyalty,andgotogreatlengthsto behelpful. Arereserved,modestandunassumingand don'tliketobethecentreofattention. Trytodoeverythingperfectly.Youpay meticulousattentiontodetailandare accuratewithfacts. Arehighlyconscientiousandselfmotivated. Likeastable,predictableenvironmentthatgivesyouasenseofidentity, securityanddirection. Aredowntoearth,practicalandverypersevering. Tendtokeepyourfeelingstoyourselftoavoiddispleasingordisappointing others.

Asalearner,youprobably:

Preferawellstructured,orderlylearningenvironmentwhereyoucanwork towardsacleargoal.Youareadeptwithworkthatrequiresrepeated procedures. Arelessinterestedinabstracttheoriesthaninpracticalfacts. Valueknowledgethathasapracticalapplication.Youhaveastrongneedfor evidenceorproofwhenlearningnewfacts. Aregoodatfocusingandconcentrating.You liketoworkaloneanddislikedistractionsand disruptions.Youliketimetothinkbefore offeringyouropinion. Learninastepbystepfashion.Youlike opportunitiesforplanningandpractice. Areunlikelytoexploreuntriedideasor methods.Youlikeclearguidelinesandtoknow whatisexpectedofyou. Workoutallthenecessarystepsbefore beginninganewassignment. Tendtounderestimateyourselfandyour achievements.
Lord, help me to be more laid back, and help me to do it

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ISFP Actionsspeaklouderthanworks
Indailylife,youprobably:

Areeasygoing,likeableandliketolive andletlive. Aregentle,caring,sensitiveandloyal. Youappreciatethesimplethingsoflife. Arequiet,modestanddon'tliketobe thecentreofattention. Tendtohavehighinnerstandardsof perfection.Arehighlyconscientious, responsibleandselfmotivated. Havelittledesireforcompetitionorcontrol. Areflexible,adaptableandspontaneous.Youfeelrestrictedbyexcessive rules. Thriveinaharmoniousenvironmentwherethereislittleconflict

Asalearner,youprobably:

Arelessinterestedintheoriesthaninpracticalfacts. Preferlearningenvironmentsthatarelooseandunstructured. Liketoengageinawiderangeofdiverseactivitieswithouttimepressureand tightdeadlines. Prefertostandbackandobserve,reflectandcheckoveryourwork. Prefertolearnthingsthathaveanimmediaterelevanceorpracticalbenefit. Tendtoenjoy'hereandnow'activitiesandcompetitiveteamtasks. Enjoyhavingimmediateopportunitiestoimplementwhatyouhavelearned. Prefertoengageinactivitieswherethereis personalinvolvementandparticipation. Tendtotakecriticismpersonally. Havedifficultywithyourindecisiveness,lackof directionandmotivation.
Lord, help me to stand up for my

rights!

26

ESFP

Areasurpriseandloveasurprise

Indailylife,youprobably:
Arefriendly,witty,charmingandtalkative. Haveawidecircleoffriendsandcanbe overwhelminglygenerous.Youliketoturn everythingintofun. Areenthusiastic,highspiritedandplayful. Canbeimpulsive,impatientandunpredictable. Canbeskillfulatdealingwithconflict.Youhelp tocreateacooperativeandharmonious atmosphere. Thriveoncrisisandchaos,andenjoy competition. Oftenhavemanyprojectsgoingonatonce,and arealwaysonthelookoutfornewadventureorexperience.

Asalearner,youprobably:

Likevarietyandtoexperiencenewproblemsoropportunitiesfromwhichto learn. Aremoreinterestedinpracticalknowledgethatcanbenefitotherpeople. Preferactiontocontemplation.Youliketobekeptconstantlyactive. Prefertobeinvolvedwithotherfriendlyenergeticstudents,forexample, discussingideas,teamprojects.Youlikepersonalinvolvementand participation. Preferalearningenvironmentthatcontainsexcitement,dramaandarange ofactivitiestotackle. Dislikegoingoverandoverinformation.You liketoresolveissuesquickly. Liketobethecentreofattention.Youdislike beingaskedtostepbackandnotbeinvolved. Youoftencraveaffirmationandattention. Oftenwaituntilthelastminutetoprepare andsometimesforgettofollowthrough. Havedifficultywhenrequiredtoworkon yourownforlongperiods. Canhaveproblemsknowinghowlongitwill taketocompleteatask.
God,

help me to
take things more

SERIOUSLY.

27

ESFJ Hostsoftheworld
Indailylife,youprobably:

Arefriendly,warnhearted,outgoingand talkative. Arecompassionate,considerateand sympathetic. Valueharmonyandcollaboration.Youtrynot tooffendordisappointanyone.Youareagood teamplayer. Thrivepersonalattention,appreciationand praise. Areconscientious,responsible,organisedandthorough.Youliketohavea routine. Haveahighregardforsocialstandards.Youliketofollowthelatesttrends. Haveaverybusysociallife.Youenjoyspendingtimewithyourfamilyand friends.

Asalearner,youprobably:

Preferawellstructuredandorganisedlearningenvironment.Youare conscientiousandhardworking. Aremoreinterestedinpracticalknowledgethatcanbenefitotherpeople. Prefertoworktowardsaclearlydefinedoutcome,andyouplanyourwork accordingly.Youliketoknowwhatisexpectedofyou. Prefertobeinvolvedwithotherfriendlystudents,forexample,discussing ideas,teamprojects.Youoftencraveaffirmationandattention. Aregoodwithfollowingthroughondetailsandrespondwelltoclearly presentedfactualinformation. Dislikedealingwithproblemsonatheoretical basis. Haveahighregardforthetraditionsand regulationsoftheschool. Oftenwaituntilthelastminutetoprepare andsometimesforgettofollowthrough. Needtodevelopyourabilitytooffercritical andobjectivejudgement.
Lord, give me patience and I mean

Right

28

INFJ Aninspirationtoothers
Indailylife,youprobably:

Arereserved,compassionateandtenderhearted. Havearichimaginationandarehighlycreative andoriginal. Defendyourvaluesandhighideassingle mindedly. Areveryeloquent.Youpreferwritingtospeaking. Areloyalanddeeplycommittedtoyourideals andinspirations.Youareoftenvisionary. Valueselfimprovementandareoftena perfectionist. Oftenhavedifficultyarticulatingyourthoughtsinwordsthatotherscan understand.

Asalearner,youprobably:

Enjoyexploringabstracttheoriesandconcepts.Youliketoreadalot Preferalearningenvironmentwhereyourcreativityandinspirationare unconstrained.Youliketofreelygenerateideas. Dislikefactsandfigures.Youdon'tliketosticktospecificinstructionsabout howtodosomething.Youdisliketopracticeataskoverandoveragain. Dislikedistractions.Youliketothinkthingsthroughcarefully. Prefertoworkinaquiet,organisedspacethat allowsyoutoconcentrate. Liketoquestionthebasicassumptionsand logicbehindanidea. Liketoassessbeforehandwhatyouwilllearn fromasubjectandassessafterwardswhatyou didlearn. Worktowardslongtermgoals.Youwanttosee yourideasdevelopedandapplied. Areoftenhighlydemandingofyourselfand others. Wanttoorganiseyourowntimeandhave controloveryourlearningprocess.

Lord, Help me not be a

perfectionist.
(Did I spell that

29

INFPPerformingnobleservicetoaidsociety
Indailylife,youprobably:

Arereserved,gentle,calmandsensitive. Valueintegrityanddeeprelationships.Youarea veryloyal,devotedandcommittedfriend. Haveverystronglyheldcorevaluesandbeliefs. Wantotherstoappreciateyourdreamsand aspirations. Arecuriousandopentonewideas. Tendtoseeissuesfromallside.Youcanbe indecisive. Canbecomedisillusionedanddiscouragedifyourvaluesarenotsupported.

Asalearner,youprobably:

Dislikerules,orders,rigidschedulesanddeadlines. Areadeterminedlearnerwhocanworkverypatientlywithcomplextasks Liketoexperiencenewlearningopportunities.Youarequicktograspideas. Enjoygeneratingnewideasandseeingpatternsemergebylinkingideas together. Havetroubleworkingincompetitiveenvironments. Valueworkingwithoutinterruption.Youenjoyreading,writingandthinking. Prefertoacquireknowledgethatispartofatheory,conceptorsystem.You getboggeddownwithfactsanddetails. Prefertohaveunstructuredtimetoprepare, andthinkthingsthrough. Dislikerepetition,andrigidinstructions.You liketohaveroomtoexplore. Liketoexploreinterestingideasandconcepts eventhoughtheymaynotseemimmediately relevant. Canhaveproblemssettingyourselftargetsand timetables.

Lord, help me to

finish
everything

30

ENFP

Gettinganextrasqueezeoutoflife

Indailylife,youprobably:
Arelively,outgoing,dynamicand spontaneous. Havearichimaginationandactivemind. Haveinfectiousenthusiasmandagreat senseofhumour.Youcanbecharmingand flirtatious. Arekeenlyperceptiveaboutwhatisgoing onwithpeople. Thriveinaharmoniousenvironmentwhere thereislittleconflict Wanttobespecialandcraveforapproval. Areflexible,adaptableandspontaneous.Youfeelrestrictedbyrulesand regulations.

Asalearner,youprobably:

Seekvarietyandchallenge,constantlysearchingfornewwayand imaginativewaystodothings.Youarehighlycreativeandenjoyplayingwith ideasandsituations. Preferlearningenvironmentsthatarelooseandunstructured. Liketoengageinawiderangeofdiverseactivitieswithouttimepressureand tightdeadlines.Yougetdistractedeasilyandoftenjumpfromonetopicto another. Enthusiasticallyinitiatelotsofprojects,butloseinterestoncetheyhave started.Youcanlosesenseoftime,forgettingtoeatorsleep,whenyouare fullyengaged. Areoftentalentedinmanyareasandcan havedifficultynarrowingyourfocus. Aregoodatimprovisingandthinkingon yourfeet. Enjoyworkingcollaborativelywithother energeticandcreativestudents. Finddetailsoverwhelming.Youbecome paralysedbyyourlackoforganisiation. Seeeverythingaspartofacosmicsystem. Youenjoynovelwaysofplayingwith information,suchasconceptmapping.
God,

help me keep
my mind on

one th
LOOK! A bird!

31

ENFJSmoothtalkingpersuader
Indailylife,youprobably:

Areexuberant,charmingandenthusiastic,and youhaveawidecircleofdiversefriends. Haveawidecircleoffriendsandcanbe overwhelminglygenerous.Youliketoturn everythingintofun. Haveagenuineinterestinothers.Youarea loyalanddevotedfriend. Enjoythethrillofanewchallenge.

Vote for President

Canbeskillfulatdealingwithconflict.You helptocreateacooperativeandharmoniousatmosphere. Arearticulateandanexcellentcommunicator.Youfinditeasytoexpress yourself,andaregoodatmotivatingothers Liketobereassuredofyourvaluebyreceivingpraise,affirmationand appreciation.

Asalearner,youprobably:

Areconscientious,orderly,decisiveandgoaloriented.Youworkhardto achieveyouridealsandyouexpectthesameofothers. Arequicktograsppossibilitiesandarestimulatedbynewideas. Needtoknowwhyyouarelearningsomething. Prefertobeinvolvedwithothercreativeandenergeticstudents,ina challenging,harmoniousenvironmentwithalargevarietyofactivities. Enjoyabstractconceptsandseepatternsofmeaningineverythingyoulearn. Liketobethecentreofattention.You dislikebeingaskedtostepbackandnotbe involved.Youlikepersonalinvolvement andparticipation. Arehappytofollowrulesaslongasthey don'tconflictthepeopletheyaffect. Takeinitiativeandliketoberesponsible foryourownlearning.

God,

me to do only help what I can, and trust you for the rest.
Do you mind putting that in

32

INTJEverythinghasroomforimprovement
Indailylife,youprobably:

Areconstantlyseekingtoimproveyourselfand everythingaroundyou.. Arehighlyinnovativeandyouliketodothingsyour way. Haveastrongneedforindependenceandautonomy. Areveryintellectualandenjoyexchangingideas. Havelittleneedforsocialchitchat.. Thriveoncrisisandchaos,andenjoycompetition. Oftenhavemanyprojectsgoingonatonce,andare alwaysonthelookoutfornewadventureorexperience.

Asalearner,youprobably:

Canbebrilliantandoriginalandhaveastronggraspoftheoriesand concepts. Liketobeintellectuallystretched.Youarestimulatedbyideasandareoften impatienttounderstandthem. Workinalogicalandsystematicwaytodevelopinnovativesolutionsto problems. Aremotivatedbyyourneedforcompetence,authorityandexpertise. Aregoodatanalysingproblemsandareforeverasking"why?" Aregoodatfocusingandconcentratingonimportantissues.Youliketodraw upactionplans.Youactivelyseektoincreaseyourunderstandingand knowledge. Dislikememorisingfactsandrepetitiveexercises.Youpreferreflection, analysisandbrainstorming. Prefertoworkonyourownandtolearn inanorderly,selfpacedmanner.You dislikelearningenvironmentswhichare unstructuredorwhereactive participationisrequired. Canbecomefrustratedandselfcritical whenyoucan'tgetthingstogoyourway.

Lord,

keep me open

to others' ideas,

WRONG

33

INTP

Aloveofproblemsolving

Indailylife,youprobably:
Arereserved,selfreliantandhighly independent. Youaredriventounderstandtheuniverse andexamineitstruthsandprinciples. Areoftenabsorbedinyourownthoughts andinterests.Otherssometimesseeyouas aloofandarrogant. Feeldrainedbytoomuchcontactwith others. Preferacalmandconflictfreeenvironment. Dislikesmalltalk,preferringtodebateintellectualconcepts. Tendtobeconcise,preciseandarticulate.Youlovetoplaywithwords.

Asalearner,youprobably:

Enjoydevelopingcomplexsystemsandconceptualmodels. Strivetobeingeniousinyourconceptualising. Aredrivenbyhighstandardsofintellectualcompetence. Noticecontradictionsandlogicalflawsinyourownandothers'thinking. Aremotivatedbyyourneedforunderstandingandamassingknowledge. Askmanyquestionsanddon'tacceptateacher'sauthorityonfacevalue. Preferanintellectuallystimulating,flexibleandunstructuredlearning environmentinwhichenquiryandopendebateareencouraged. Liketoworkindependentlyandpersevereuntilyouunderstandanissueinall itscomplexity.Onceyouhaveunderstood something,youmoveon. Havedifficultyrepeatingthesameactivity overandoveragain. Becomestressedwhenaskedtofollow explicitandspecificinstructions.Youfind situationswhichemphasisfeelingsand emotionsveryuncomfortable.
Lord, help me be less independent, but let me do it

my way.

34

ENTP

Oneexcitingchallengeafteranother

Indailylife,youprobably:
Areentertaining,energetic,enthusiastic andconfident. Areoptimistic,charming,witty,gregarious andagreatconversationalist Liketointeractwithadiverserangeof people. Areconstantlyonthelookoutfornew thingstotry. Enjoybeingclever,curiousand imaginative. Cantakeanysideofanargument.Youenjoydebatingandyouliketohave thelastword. Areinterestedbyeverything.Youliketojugglemanythingsatonceand boredomquicklysetsinifthereisnotenoughvarietyandinnovation.

Asalearner,youprobably:

Likevarietyandtoexperiencenewproblemsoropportunitiesfromwhichto learn. Haveagreatabilitytoimproviseandthinkonyourfeet. Enjoycompetition,debate,andanalysis.Youareresourcefulinsolving challengingtheoreticalproblems.Youliketounderstandcomplexsystems andtheories. Aregoodatabstractthinkingandconceptualising.Youarequicktograspnew ideas. Preferalearningenvironmentwhereyouquestionandprobethelogic behindsomething.Youliketobeintellectuallystretched. Dislikeroutine,deadlinesandstructure.You becomeboredwithfactsanddetails. Workbestwithavarietyofstimulatingand challengingtopics.Youliketostartup projectsandoftenhavingdifficultyfollowing throughwithcompletion. Canbecomeoverwhelmedwithpossibilities becausesomanythingsinterestyou. Liketoactivelyparticipate.Youfindit difficulttojuststandbackandpassively listen.
God, established helpmefollow Proceduresallday. Onsecondthoughts I'llsettlefora

fewminutes.

35

ENTJ Life'snaturalleaders
Indailylife,youprobably:

Areenergetic,dynamic,confidentand competent. Havestrongopinionswhichyoureadily express.Youarehonest,directand straightforward. Liketobeincharge.Youdisliketaking instructionsoradvicefromothers. Prefertohavecleargoalsandanoverall direction Respectpeoplewhochallengeyou,sayexactlywhattheythinkandcanargue persuasively. Areveryknowledgeableandyouenjoyconfrontation. Becomeimpatientorboredwhenthingsaredulloryouarenotincharge.

Asalearner,youprobably:

Preferalearningenvironmentwhereyoucanbeintellectuallychallenged. Prefertoworkwithinaclearanddefinitesetofguidelines.Youseekthemost strategicwaystoaccomplishyourgoals. Aregoodatconceptualisingandabstractreasoning.Youarenotinterestedin acquiringfactsanddetails. Prefertobeinvolvedwithstrongminded,independent,resultsoriented students. Prefertolearninanenvironmentwhichisintellectuallystimulatingand wheredebateandproblemsolvingareencouraged. Haveathirstforknowledgeandyouenjoy reading,analysingandexchangingideas. Liketobeconvincedbygoodsolid reasoning. Needtoknowwhyyouarelearning something.Youaremotivatedby achievement. Dislikeincompetence,inefficiencyand indecisiveness.
God, help me to

slow
downandnot