J4011 - PNEUMATIC & HYDRAULICS

Mechanical Engineering
Pneumatic & Hydraulics Lab

PREPARED BY:
TAJ NESHA BEGAM BT BAISUL KHAN

Safety Rules

Never blow compressed air at anyone, not even yourself.

Never let compressed air come into contact with your skin, as this can be very dangerous. Always wear safety goggles when you are connecting and operating circuits. Check that all airlines are connected before turning on the main air supply.

Safety Rules

Always turn off the main air supply before changing a circuit.
Keep your hands away from moving parts. Avoid having airlines trailing across the floor or where someone could trip or become entangled.

Pneumatics - APPLICATION
Some examples of everyday pneumatic systems are shown below. How many do you recognise?

Pneumatics - APPLICATION
Pneumatics are also used a lot in industry. It can be used to do lots of different jobs such as moving, holding or shaping objects.
MOVE HOLD

FORM

PROCESS

Advantages of Pneumatics
Clean: Pneumatic systems are clean because they use compressed air. If a pneumatic system develops a leak, it will be air that escapes and not oil. This air will not drip or cause a mess which makes pneumatics suitable for food production lines. Pneumatic systems are very safe compared to other systems. We cannot, for example, use electronics for paint spraying because many electronic components produce sparks and this could cause the paint to catch fire.

Safe:

Advantages of Pneumatics
Reliable: Pneumatic systems are very reliable and can keep working for a long time. Many companies invest in pneumatics because they know they will not have a lot of breakdowns and that the equipment will last for a long time.
If we compare pneumatic systems to other systems, we find that they are cheaper to run. This is because the components last for a long time and because we are using compressed air.

Economical:

Advantages of Pneumatics
Flexible: Once you have bought the basic components, you can set them up to carry out different tasks. Pneumatic systems are easy to install and they do not need to be insulated or protected like electronic systems.

TUTORIALS
Give three examples of the everyday use of pneumatics.
What is compressed air?

Give two reasons why pneumatic systems are used in industry.

Explain the advantages and disadvantages of pneumatics.

Pneumatics is the general term used to describe the

mechanics of gases
Pneumatics, derived from the Greek word pneumatikos,

where; pneu = wind/gases matikos = power

Pneumatics is a type of power transmission that uses a gas

and pressure differential to create movement.

Pneumatic System
To gather and compress air from normal to high pressure. Those air compressors in which successive volumes of air are enclosed and then elevated to a higher pressure by reducing the volume of the enclosure holding air To receive and keep compressed air. Receiver should be fitted with a safety valve, pressure gauge to manage the air pressure

COMPRESSOR

AIR TANK

AIR DRYER

To dry the compressed air before it is provided to pneumatic system and to avoid pneumatic components from corrosion

SERVICE UNIT

Normally consist of three components. There are filter, regulator and lubricator. Its functions is to remove all contaminants such as dust and rust particles from the compressed air, manage air pressure and to extend the life of pneumatic system components which need lubrication
Determines the flow of air between its ports by opening, closing or changing its internal connections. So, directional valve is used to control air and cylinder direction or movement.

DIRECTIONAL VALVE

ACTUATOR

To transform the potential energy of the compressed air into mechanical work. The work done by pneumatic actuator can be linear or rotary.

AVAILABILITY

Air is available practically everywhere in unlimited quantities

TRANSPORT

Air can be easily transported in pipelines, even over large distances.

STORAGE

Compressed air can be stored in a reservoir and removed as required. In addition, the reservoir can transportable.

TEMPERATURE

Compressed air is relatively insensitive to temperature fluctuations. This ensures reliable operation, even under extreme conditions.

EXPLOSION PROOF

Compressed air offers no risk of explosion or fire

CLEANLINESS

Unlubricated exhaust air is clean. Any unlubricated air which escapes through leaking pipes or components does not cause contamination.

COMPONENTS

The operating components are simple construction and therefore relatively inexpensive.

SPEED

Compressed air is a very fast working medium. This enable high working speeds to be attained.

OVERLOAD SAFE

Pneumatic tools and operating components ca be loaded to the point of stopping and are therefore overload safe.

PREPARATION

Compressed air requires good preparation. Dirt and condensate should not be present.

COMPRESSION

It is not always possible to achieve uniform and constant piston speed with compressed air.

FORCE REQUIREMENT

Compressed air is economical only up to a certain force requirement. Working pressure output is small and limit between 40000 and 50000 Newton dependent on the traval and speed

NOISE LEVEL

The exhaust air is loud.

The development of pneumatic systems is assisted by a uniform approach to the representation of the elements and the circuits. The symbols used for the individual elements must display the following characteristics: Actuation and return actuation methods Numbers of connections Numbers of switching positions General operating principle Simplified representation of the flow path

Symbol used in energy conversion and preparation

Symbol used in energy conversion and preparation

Time delay

Non-return valves and derivatives

Flow control valves

Auxiliary symbols

Pneumatic Cylinders

Rotary motion

Actuator

Pneumatics - APPLICATION
Some examples of everyday pneumatic systems are shown below. How many do you recognise?

Pneumatics - Use
Pneumatics are also used a lot in industry. It can be used to do lots of different jobs such as moving, holding or shaping objects.
MOVE HOLD

FORM

PROCESS

THANK YOU