TABLE OF CONTENTS

CERTIFICATE ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ABSTRACT TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES LIST OF TABLES NOMENCLATURE 1 Introduction 1.1 General 1.2 Causes of Transformer Failure 1.3 Importance of Power Transformer Incipient Fault Diagnosis 1.4 Methodology of Power Transformer Incipient Fault Diagnosis 1.4.1 Dissolved Gas-in-Oil Analysis (DGA) 1.4.1.1 IEEE Methods Dissolved Gas-in-Oil Analysis (DGA) 1.4.1.1.1 Doernenburg Ratio Method 1.4.1.1.2 Roger's Ratio Method 1.4.1.1.3 Key-Gases Method 1.4.1.1.4 Total Dissolved Key-Gas Concentration Method 1.4.1.1.5 Oil-Immersed Paper Insulation Deterioration Condition Estimation 1.4.1.2 IEC Methods for Dissolved Gas-in-Oil Analysis (DGA) 1.4.1.2.1 IEC Ratio Method 1.4.1.2.2 Duval's Triangle Method 1.4.1.3 Other Methods for Dissolved Gas-in-Oil Analysis (DGA) 1.4.1.3.1 Denkyoken Method 1.4.1.3.2 CIGRE 's Method
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i ii iii iv ix xi xiv 1 1 2 4 5 5 9 9 11 13 14 17 18 18 20 21 21 22

1.4.1.3.3 Nomograph Method 1.4.1.3.4 NBR 7274 Method 1.4.1.3.5 IS 10593:2006 Method 1.4.1.3.6 Xiaohui Li Method 1.4.2 On-line Partial Discharge (PD) Monitoring 1.4.3 Insulation Condition Assessment 1.4.4 Combination of DGA and Acoustic Method 1.5 The Scope of this Dissertation 1.5.1 Areas of Interest 1.5.2 Contributions Through the Research 1.5.3 Arrangement of this Dissertation 1.6 Conclusion 2 Literature Review 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Literature Review 2.2.1 Overview on the Conventional Methods for Transformer Fault Diagnosis and Condition Assessment 2.2.2 Overview on the Application of AI Techniques for Transformer Fault Diagnosis and Condition Assessment 2.2.2.1 Application of ANN for Transformer Fault Diagnosis 2.2.2.2 Application of Fuzzy for Transformer Fault Diagnosis 2.2.2.3 Application of SVM for Transformer Fault Diagnosis 2.2.2.4 Application of ANN-FL for Transformer Fault Diagnosis 2.2.2.5 Application of SVM-PSO for Transformer Fault Diagnosis 2.2.2.6 Application of ANN-ES for Transformer Fault Diagnosis 2.2.2.7 Application of ANN-SVM for Transformer Fault Diagnosis 2.2.2.8 Application of Wavelet for Transformer Fault Diagnosis Fault Diagnosis 2.2.2.10 Application of GA for Transformer Fault Diagnosis
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22 22 23 23 26 27 27 31 31 31 31 32 33 33 33 33 34 35 42 48 51 57 59 62 64

2.2.2.9 Application of wavelet-ANN hybrid system for Transformer 64 65

2.2.2.11 Application of GA-wavelet hybrid system for Transformer Fault Diagnosis 2.2.2.12 Application of GP-Bootstrap hybrid system for Transformer Fault Diagnosis 2.2.2.13 Application of SVM-Bootstrap hybrid system for Transformer Fault Diagnosis 2.2.2.14 Application of SVM-Rough hybrid system for Transformer Fault Diagnosis 2.2.2.15 Application of EWNs for Transformer Fault Diagnosis 2.2.2.16 Application of CMAC for Transformer Fault Diagnosis 2.2.2.17 Application of PSO for Transformer Fault Diagnosis 2.2.2.18 Application of Artificial Immune Network (AIN) for Transformer Fault Diagnosis 2.2.2.19 Application of ANN-PSO hybrid system for Transformer Fault Diagnosis 2.2.2.20 Application of FFT-ANN based hybrid system for Transformer Fault Diagnosis 2.2.2.21 Application of DST for Transformer Fault Diagnosis 2.3 Conclusion 3 Methodology 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Artificial Neural Network (ANN) 3.2.1 Introduction to ANN 3.2.1.1 ANN Applications 3.2.1.2 The Advantages of ANN 3.2.1.3 The Disadvantages of ANN 3.2.2 ANN Control System 3.2.3 Introduction to ANN Diagnostics System 3.2.4 The Design Methodology of ANN Diagnostics System 3.2.5 Multilayer Perceptrons Neural Network (MLP)
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66 67 68 69 69 70 70 71 72 72 73 75 76 76 76 76 77 78 79 79 80 80 83

3.2.5.1 Design Methodology and Algorithm of MLP 3.2.5.2 MLP Based Transformer Incipient Fault Diagnostics System 3.2.6 Learning Vector Quantization (LVQ) 3.2.6.1 Design Methodology and Algorithm of LVQ 3.2.6.2 LVQ Based Transformer Incipient Fault Diagnostics System 3.2.7 Probabilistic Neural Network (PNN) 3.1.7.1 Design Methodology and Algorithm of PNN 3.3 Fuzzy-Logic (FL) 3.3.1 Introduction to Fuzzy-Logic 3.3.1.1 Fuzzy Logic Applications 3.3.1.2 The Advantages of Fuzzy-Logic 3.3.1.3 The Disadvantages of Fuzzy-Logic 3.3.2 Fuzzy-Logic Control System 3.3.3 Introduction to Fuzzy Diagnostics System 3.3.4 The Design Methodology of Fuzzy Diagnostics System 3.3.5 Fuzzy IEC Ratio Method 3.3.6 Fuzzy Key-Gas Method 3.4 Support Vector Machine (SVM) 3.4.1 Introduction to SVM 3.4.2 SVM Control System 3.4.3 SVM Classifier 3.4.3.1 Linear Support Vector Classifier (SVC) 3.4.4 SVM Based Transformer Incipient Fault Diagnostics System 3.5 Conclusion 4 Results and Discussion 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Result and Discussions
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83 85 87 87 91 92 92 96 96 96 98 99 100 106 106 108 116 125 125 125 126 126 128 130 131 131 131

3.1.7.2 PNN Based Transformer Incipient Fault Diagnostics System 94

4.2.1 Transformer Fault Diagnostics Using MLP 4.2.2 Transformer Fault Diagnostics Using LVQ 4.2.3 Transformer Fault Diagnostics Using PNN 4.2.4 Transformer Fault Diagnostics Using Fuzzy-Logic 4.2.5 Transformer Fault Diagnostics Using SVM 4.3 Conclusion 5 Conclusions 5.1 Conclusion and Importance of Dissertation Work 5.2 Future Scope List of Publications References APPENDIX A: Training Sample Data APPENDIX B: Testing Sample Data

132 139 143 144 147 152 153 153 155 156 157 178 183

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