MATH 309

Assignment # 3
Due: Friday, October 7
Each question is worth 10 points
Question 1
(a) Find the values of z such that e
z
= 1 +

3j
(b) Show that exp(jz) = exp(j z) if and only if z = k, where k is an
integer.
Solution:
(a) e
z
= 1+

3j z = log
_
1 +

3j
_
. Since

1 +

3j

1 + 3 = 2 and
Arg(1 +

3j) = /3 we get
z = ln2 + j
_

3
+ 2k
_
, k Z
Alternative approach:
e
z
= 2e
j

3
= e
ln 2
e
j

3
= e
ln 2+j

3
hence z =
_
ln2 + j

3
_
+ 2kj, k Z.
(b) First we prove that e
z
= e
z
.Indeed, if z = x + jy then
e
z
= e
x
(cos y + j siny) = e
x
cos y + j siny = e
x
(cos y j siny)
= e
x
e
jy
= e
xjy
= e
z
Now
e
jz
= e
j z
e
jz
= e
j z
e
j z
= e
j z
j z = j z + 2kj, k Z
z = k, k Z z = m, m Z.
Question 2
(a) Evaluate log
_
1 + j

3
_
(b) Find all the roots of the equation log z = j/2
1
(c) Show that Log(e
z
) = z if and only if < Im(z) .
Solution:
(a)

1 +

3j

= 2,Arg(1 +

3j) = 2/3 hence log

_
1 + j

3
_
= ln2 +
j
_
2
3
+ 2k
_
, k Z.
(b) log z = j/2 =z = e
j/2
= j.
(c) Let z = x + jy. We have
Log (e
z
) = ln|e
z
|+jArg (e
z
) = lne
x
+j (Arg (e
z
) y + y) = z+j (Arg (e
z
) y)
Hence Log(e
z
) = z y = Arg (e
z
) < y .
Question 3
(a) Evaluate (1 + j)
j
(b) Find all the roots of the equation sinz = cosh4
(c) Find u = Re(tanz) and v =Im(tanz) , z = x + yj.
Solution:
(a)
(1 + j)
j
= e
j log(1+j)
= e
j[ln

2+j(

4
+2k)]
= e

4
+2k
e
1
2
j ln 2
(b) If z = x + jy then
sinz = sinxcoshy + j cos xsinhy
hence
sinz = cosh4 sinxcoshy = cosh4 &cos xsinhy = 0
The equation cos xsinhy = 0 yields cos x = 0 or sinhy = 0 hence x =

2
+ k or y = 0.
If x =

2
+ k then sin
_

2
+ k
_
coshy = cosh4 (1)
k
coshy =
cosh4k = 2m, m Z and y = 4.
2
If y = 0 then coshy = 1 therefore sinx = cosh4 which does not have
solutions since cosh4 > 1. Hence
z =

2
+ 2m 4j, m Z.
Alternative solution: The equation can be written in the equivalent
format
e
jz
e
jz
2j
= cosh4 u
2
(2j cosh4)u 1 = 0, u = e
jz
Solving the complex quadratic equation we obtain
u = j cosh4 +
_
cosh
2
4 + 1 = j(cosh4 sinh4)
Hence
e
j(x+yj)
= j(cosh4sinh4) e
y
e
jx
= e
4
j y = 4, x =

2
+2m, m Z.
(c)
tanz =
sinz
cos z
=
sinxcoshy + j sinhy cos x
cos xcoshy j sinxsinhy
=
sinxcos x + j sinhy coshy
cos
2
xcosh
2
y + sin
2
xsinh
2
y
Hence
u = Re(tanz) =
sinxcos x
cos
2
xcosh
2
y + sin
2
xsinh
2
y
=
sinxcos x
cos
2
x + sinh
2
y
v = Im(tanz) =
sinhy coshy
cos
2
xcosh
2
y + sin
2
xsinh
2
y
=
sinhy coshy
cos
2
x + sinh
2
y
Notice: The above expresions can be written in a simplied formats:
u = Re(tanz) =
sin2x
cos 2x + cosh2y
, v = Im(tanz) =
sinh2y
cos 2x + cosh2y
Question 4
Show that if z = x + yj then
(a) |sinhy| |sinz| coshy
3
(b) |sinz|
2
+ |cos z|
2
1 and prove that the equality holds i z is a real
number.
(Hint: You may show rst the identities : |sinz|
2
= sin
2
x + sinh
2
y and
|cos z|
2
= cos
2
x + sinh
2
y).
Solution:
The above mentioned identities are obtained from the standard formulae:
sinz = cos y sinhx + j siny coshx, cos z = cos y coshx + j siny sinhx
by calculating |sinz|
2
and |cos z|
2
.
(a) The inequality is equivalent to
sinh
2
y sin
2
x + sinh
2
y cosh
2
y
The rst inequality is trivial . The second is equivalent to
sin
2
x cosh
2
y sinh
2
y = 1
which is trivial as well.
(b) We have |sinz|
2
+|cos z|
2
= sin
2
x+cos
2
x+2 sinh
2
y = 1 +2 sinh
2
y.
Hence |sinz|
2
+|cos z|
2
= 1 sinh
2
y = 0 y = 0 that is z is a real number.
Question 5
(a) Show that arcsinh(z) = log
_
z +
_
z
2
+ 1
_1
2
_
(b) Evaluate tan
1
(2j) .
Solution:
(a) If u = arcsinh(z) then z = sinhu =
e
u
e
u
2
hence e
2u
2ze
u

1 = 0. Solving the equation we obtain e

u
= z + (z
2
+ 1)
1/2
and hence
u = log
_
z +
_
z
2
+ 1
_1
2
_
(b) Let us rst evaluate tan
1
z. If set w = tan
1
(z) then tanw = z
e
jw
e
jw
e
jw
+ e
jw
= jz. Making the substitution u = e
jw
we obtain
u 1/u
u + 1/u
= jz u =

j z
j + z
4
and nally
w = tan
1
z =
j
2
log
j + z
j z
Hence
tan
1
(2j) =
j
2
log (3) =
j
2
ln3 +
(2s + 1)
2
, s Z.
5